Learning Support Systems - Learning Support Systems = Open Source Learning Support Systems = Whiteboard http://whiteboard.sourceforge.net/ ILAIS http://www.ilias.uni-koeln.de/ios/index-e.html Moodle http://moodle.org/ See Also Content Management Framework List of open-source software packages E-learning.
Management information systems - Management information systems Information Systems, also Management Information Systems (MIS) is the formal study of the information systems within an organization. WordNet described an information system as a system consisting of the network of all communication channels used within an organization. An information system is comprised of all the components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data or information. It usually includes hardware, software, people, communications systems, and the data itself. The activities involved include inputting data, processing of data into information, storage of data and information, and the production of outputs such as management reports. The area of study should not be confused with Computer Science which is more theoretical and mathematical in nature or with Computer Engineering which is more engineering. The study of Information Systems is.
Kristen Nygaard - the co-inventor of object-oriented programming and the programming language Simula with Ole-Johan Dahl in the 1960s. The computer systems that form the foundation of the modern information society are among the most complex things humans have created. Through his ground-breaking research Nygaard made it possible to manage that complexity. Nygaard got his master's degree in mathematics at the University of Oslo in 1956. His thesis on abstract probability theory was entitled "Theoretical Aspects of Monte Carlo Methods". Nygaard worked full time at the Norwegian Defense Research Establishment from 1948 to 1960 - in computing and programming (1948-1954) and operational research (1952-1960). From 1957 to 1960 he was head of the first operations research groups in the Norwegian defense establishment. He was cofounder and first chairman of the Norwegian Operational Research Society.
Joseph Justus Scaliger - professor in the academy. He lectured on the Organon of Aristotle and the De finibus of Cicero with much satisfaction to the students but with little to himself. He hated lecturing, and was bored with the importunities of the fanatical preachers; and in 1574 he returned to France, and made his home for the next twenty years with Chastaigner. Of his life during this period we have interesting details and notices in the Lettres françaises inédites de Joseph Scaliger, edited by M Tamizey de Larroque (Agen, 1881). Constantly moving through Poitou and the Limousin, as the exigencies of the civil war required, occasionally taking his turn as a guard, at least on one occasion trailing a pike on an expedition against the Leaguers, with no access to libraries, and frequently separated.
Information warfare - that might lead to their resistance. Information warfare may also include feeding propaganda or even disinformation to one's own population, either to build support for the war effort or to counter enemy propaganda. Information warfare may also mean a strategy for undermining an enemy's data and information systems, while defending and leveraging one's own information edge. This type of war has no front line; potential battlefields are anywhere networked systems can be accessed --oil and gas pipelines, electric power grids, telephone switching networks, etc. Information warfare can take countless forms: trains and planes can be misrouted and caused to collide, stock exchanges can be sabotaged by electronic "sniffers" which disrupt international fund-transfer networks, and the signals of television and radio stations can be jammed and taken over and used for a.
Invasion of the Waikato - but had been substantially aided, in both men and materials, from the Waikato region. This was the center for the King Movement, a loose federation of tribes which had been formed mainly to prevent the sale, the loss or the alienation of any more Maori land. The Maori of New Zealand were already outnumbered by the new Pakeha settlers and they were very aware of the threat this represented. The settlers on the other hand were restricted to less than five percent of the land area of the North Island and they weren't happy with this. Furthermore there were two legal systems in operation: British Law prevailed in the settlements and Maori Law and custom everywhere else. The politicians were equally unhappy with this arrangement, and they saw the Maori King.
Iterative and Incremental development - a software system incrementally, allowing the developer to take advantage of what was being learned during the development of earlier, incremental, deliverable versions of the system. Learning comes from both the development and use of the system, where possible. Key steps in the process were to start with a simple implementation of a subset of the software requirements and iteratively enhance the evolving sequence of versions until the full system is implemented. At each iteration, design modifications are made along with addition new functional capabilities. The Procedure itself consists of the Initialization step, the Iteration step, and the Project Control List. The initialization step creates a base version of the system. The goal for this initial implementation is to create a product to which the user can react. It should offer.
Hacker - connotations and has become synonymous with "software cracker". The term hacker has five meanings that are in common usage: Someone who knows a (sometimes specified) set of programming interfaces well enough to write novel and useful software without conscious thought on a good day. Someone who (usually illegally) attempts to break into or otherwise subvert the security of a program, system or network, often with malicious intent. This usage was annoying to many in the developer community who grew up with the primary meaning in sense (1), and preferred to keep it that way; they preferred the media used the term cracker. However this wound up causing even more problems as simply creating a new word did nothing to dispel misconceptions. "Black hat hacker" is a phrase that wound up with.
U.S. presidential election, 2000 - declare the recount procedure in process unconstitutional because it was not being carried out statewide and 5-4 to ban further recounts using other procedures. Gore strongly disagreed with the court's decision, but decided that "for the sake of our unity of the people and the strength of our democracy, I offer my concession." He had previously made a concession phone call to Bush the night of the election, but quickly retracted it after learning just how close the election was. Following the election, a subsequent recount conducted by various US news media organization indicated that Bush would still have won the popular vote in Florida had the U.S. Supreme Court allowed the recounts to proceed using the process requested by Gore, though some different methods of counting votes would have resulted.
Ultra-Orthodox Judaism - had long rejected Zionism because it was a predominantly anti-religious movement. Now, suddenly, they were in the process of achieving their goal of a Jewish homeland. Meanwhile, unable to return to their old homes in Europe and with quotas on Jewish immigration in America, that Jewish homeland had necessarily become a viable option for ultra-Orthodox Jews. In effect, they were suddenly at the mercy of their persecutors. It would have been easy for the ultra-Orthodox community to explain the events of the 1930s-1950s as the direct result of most Jews abandoning their religious beliefs. In fact, some did but the vast majority chose a more comforting approach, claiming that the Holocaust was a Divine act beyond human understanding. This allowed them to focus on rebuilding their communities, rather than to obsess.
Gerald Jay Sussman - plans, propagation of constraints applied to electrical circuit analysis and synthesis, dependency-based explanation and dependency-based backtracking, and various language structures for expressing problem-solving strategies. Sussman and his former student, Guy L. Steele Jr., invented the Scheme programming language in 1975. Sussman saw that Artificial Intelligence ideas can be applied to computer-aided design. Sussman developed, with his graduate students, sophisticated computer-aided design tools for VLSI. Steele made the first Scheme chips in 1978. These ideas and the AI-based CAD technology to support them were further developed in the Scheme chips of 1979 and 1981. The technique and experience developed was then used to design other special-purpose computers. Sussman was the principal designer of the Digital Orrery, a machine designed to do high-precision integrations for orbital-mechanics experiments. The Orrery was designed and built.
GLUT - include window definition, window control, and keyboard and mouse input. GLUT even has some (ugly) support for creating popup windows. GLUT was written by Mark J. Kilgard, author of 'OpenGL Programming for the X Window System' and 'The Cg Tutorial: The Definitive Guide to Programmable Real-Time Graphics'. Also, GLUT provides routines for drawing a number of geometric primitives (both in solid and wireframe mode), including cubes, spheres and the Utah teapot. GLUT is in the first place created to write rather portable code between operating systems (GLUT is available for many operating systems) and in the second place to make learning OpenGL more easy. Getting started with OpenGL programming while using GLUT takes only a few lines of code and you don't need any knowledge of operating system specific windowing API's..
Government Agencies in Sweden - Departments and Divisions of the Ministry of Finance 5..2 Economic Affairs Department of the Ministry of Finance 5..3 Budget Department of the Ministry of Finance 5..4 Fiscal Affairs Department of the Ministry of Finance 5..5 Financial Institutions and Markets Department of the Ministry of Finance 5..6 Housing Division of the Ministry of Finance 5..7 County Administrative Division of the Ministry of Finance 6 Government Agencies reporting to the Ministry of Education and Science 6..8 Schools, Children and Youth 6..9 Adult Education 6..10 Higher Education 6..11 Admission and Financial Study Support 6..12 Research 6..13 International Co-operation 7 Government Agencies reporting to the Ministry for Agriculture, Food and Fisheries 8 Government Agencies reporting to the Ministry of Culture 8..14 General cultural activities 8..15 Archives 8..16 Visual arts, design and applied arts 8..17 Libraries,.
File format - - formats. Formats are typically represented by an addition ("file extension") of 1 to 4 letters onto the file's name. For example, if a picture is stored using the JPEG format, the file would be mypicture.jpeg or the like. Other operating systems such as older versions of Mac OS did not require file extensions, but instead had file type/creator data that was hidden from the user and managed transparently by the operating system. On Microsoft Windows computers, extensions are required for applications to be recognised as executable (and many applications require them to recognise specific data formats). On Unix and Unix-like systems, an extension can be created, however this is optional, and the use of extensions under these systems is seen as a convenience and not a requirement. Under these systems,.
Education reform - was a effort at educational reforms based on the premise that schools were emphasizing facts over reasoning and that there was overemphasize on central control and standardized testing. Efforts at reforming Taiwanese schools were limited by the fact that although there was some degree of consensus on what the problems of the schools were, there was little consensus on how to fix the problems and the goals of educational reforms. By 2003, the push for education reform had declined. Classical education Education reform has a long history, starting with Classical Education, the system originally targeted by most reforms. Classical education is now rare in many countries. It itself might contribute improvements to modern education. Classically, primary education teaches students how to learn. Secondary education then teaches a conceptual framework that can.
USS Albacore (AGSS-569) - returned to Portsmouth on 3 July for more than a year of trials in cooperation with the David Taylor Model Basin. Throughout these operations, she underwent repairs and modification in an effort to eliminate technical problems. In November 1956, Albacore reentered the shipyard for engine conversion. She departed New London, Connecticut, on 11 March 1957, for operations out of San Juan, Puerto Rico, and Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The submarine returned to Boston, Massachesetts, on 2 April 1957 and operated locally out of Boston and Portsmouth until entering the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard early in 1958 for an overhaul which lasted until June. The ensuing tests emphasized sound reduction and included extensive evaluation of Aquaplas, a sound dampening elastic which had been applied to the ship's superstructure and tank interiors. In October 1958,.
Democratic Kampuchea - and "all other Kampuchean working people." No allowance was made for a transitional stage such as China's "New Democracy" in which "patriotic" landlord or bourgeois elements were permitted to play a role in socialist construction. Sihanouk writes that in 1975 he, Khieu Samphan, and Khieu Thirith went to visit Zhou Enlai, who was gravely ill. Zhou warned them not to attempt to achieve communism suddenly by one "great leap forward" without intermediate steps, as China had done with disastrous results in the late 1950s. Khieu Samphan and Khieu Thirith "just smiled an incredulous and superior smile." Khieu Samphan and Son Sen later boasted to Sihanouk that "we will be the first nation to create a completely communist society without wasting time on intermediate steps." Although conditions varied from region to region,.
Adobe Illustrator - drawing program developed and marketed by Adobe Systems. It was first developed for the Apple Macintosh in 1985 as a logical commercialization of Adobe's in-house font development software and PostScript file format. In many ways, Illustrator's release was a gamble as the Macintosh did not have serious market share, the only printer that could output Illustrator documents was Apple's own LaserWriter (also very new and expensive), and the drawing paradigm of Bézier curves was novel to the mainstream user. Not only did the Macintosh show only monochrome graphics, but display options were basically limited to its built-in 9" monitor. Illustrator helped drive the development of larger monitors for the Macintosh. Illustrator was a reliable, capable product, however, and its relatively low learning curve let users quickly appreciate that the new paradigm.
Alhazen - as a minister for Basra and the surrounding region. However, ibn al-Haytham became increasingly unhappy with his deep studies of religion and made a decision to devote himself entirely to a study of science which he found most clearly described in the writings of Aristotle. Having made this decision, ibn al-Haytham kept to it for the rest of his life devoting all his energies to mathematics, physics, and other sciences. Ibn al-Haytham went to Egypt some considerable time after he made the decision to give up his job as a minister and to devote himself to science, for he had made his reputation as a famous scientist while still in Basra. We do know that al-Hakim was Caliph when ibn al-Haytham reached Egypt. Al-Hakim was the second of the Fatimid caliphs.
Ardent - workstations, notably DEC machines, but eventually shut down completely in February 1995. Ardent started as Dana Computer in November 1985 in Silicon Valley. Their aim was to produce a desktiop supercomputer dedicated to graphics, parallel computing machines that could support up to four processor units. Each processor unit consisted of a MIPS R3000 CPU connected to a custom vector processor. The vector unit held a whopping 8,192 64-bit registers that could be used in any way from 8192 1-word to 32 256-word registers. This compares to modern SIMD systems which allow for perhaps eight to sixteen 128-bit registers with a small variety of addressing schemes. After learning that the name Dana was already in use by a local disk drive company, they became Ardent. Their business plan called for their Titan.
