Liberal Catholic Church - Liberal Catholic Church The Liberal Catholic Church is a form of Christianity based on theosophical ideas. The church was founded by J.I. Wedgwood, a theosophist who was ordained in the Ancient Catholic Church by Arnold Harris Mathew (1913). Thus it claims apostolic succession going back to Rome. In the end Mathew came to vow allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church and advising his flock to resign membership of the Theosophical Society Adyar. This advice was not taken by many members. Wedgwood was voted Presiding Bishop. This started the organisation that would later become the Liberal Catholic Church. Wedgwood published articles within the Theosophical Society on ceremonial work. These interested C.W. Leadbeater, a prominent clairvoyant, and he was ordained to the priesthood in 1916. See also: Theosophy.
Old Catholic Church - Old Catholic Church The Old Catholic Church is a religious denomination that split from the Roman Catholic church in 1870. The founders of the movement were mainly Germans who were deeply disturbed by the promulgation of the dogma of Papal Infallibility at the First Vatican Council of 1869-1870. The Church consists of the Union of Utrecht, the Old Catholic Church in Germany, the Polish National Churches, and smaller movements. It is in full communion with the Anglican Communion, as per the Bonn Agreement of 1931 [1]. The term 'Old Catholic' is used often by many splinter groups, ranging from 'Continuing' or 'Traditionalist' to 'New Age'. Many of these so-called Old Catholic Churches do not exist in reality, only on the internet. The Old Catholic Church traces its.
United Methodist Church - United Methodist Church The United Methodist Church is the largest Methodist denomination in the United States. As a Methodist denomination, it is part of Protestant Christianity. ® Used with permission*. The United Methodist Church (UMC) was formed in 1968 as a result of a merger between the Evangelical United Brethren and the Methodist Church which were themselves the results of mergers. The Methodist Church was formed in 1939 as the result of a merger of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and the Methodist Protestant Church. The UMC is organized into conferences. The highest level is called the General Conference and is the only organization which may speak officially for the UMC. The General Conference meets every four years (quadrennium). Legislative changes are recorded in.
United Church of Canada - United Church of Canada The United Church of Canada is Canada's second largest church (after the Roman Catholic Church), and its largest Protestant denomination with over three million members. The current Moderator of the United Church is the Rev. Peter Short. The United Church of Canada was formed by Act of Parliament in 1925. It was the merger of four prominent Protestant denominations, the Presbyterians, the Methodists, the Congregationalists and the Unionists. This merger was unprecedented in world history; Canada was the first country where the Protestant churches elected to pool their resources and become one large non-dogmatic church. The United Church is one of the most socially liberal of the world's large Protestant denominations. It was quick to allow female ministers and has long shied away.
Anglo-Catholicism - Anglo-Catholicism The terms Anglo-Catholic and Anglo-Catholicism describe people, groups, ideas, customs and practices within Anglicanism that emphasise continuity with Catholic tradition. Since the Reformation there have always been Anglicans who identify closely with Catholic thought and practice. However, the concept of Anglo-Catholicism as a distinct sub-group appeared in the Church of England during the Victorian era, under the influence of the Oxford Movement or 'Tractarians'. Anglo-Catholic people and churches are often identified as such by their outward behaviour and appearance. Anglo-Catholics have adopted many Catholic practices such as ritualism and the use of vestments, incense and candles in the liturgy, and devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary. Some Anglo-Catholics (and some Anglicans in general) also use Orthodox icons and prayers. Ritualism in particular was a source of controversy in the.
Church of England - Church of England The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and is the mother branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The current Archbishop of Canterbury is Dr. Rowan Douglas Williams. Although Christians were present in England since the 4th century or earlier, the Church of England traces its roots to Augustine of Canterbury, the first Archbishop of Canterbury, in the 7th century. The Church of England retains a form of worship closer to the Roman Catholic form than other Protestant churches. For example, the church has a hierarchical organization. Traditionally too, the orgainsation has been divided into High Church and Low Church factions that reflect the historical controversy over the forms of worship and expression. Today the Church of England contains.
Congregationalist church - Congregationalist church Congregationalist churches practice a congregationalist form of government, some of which trace their descent from the Congregational Church. The Congregational Church is a family of denominations of Christian Protestantism which arose from the Nonconformist religious movement in England, during the Puritan reformation. In Great Britain, the early congregationalists were called separatists or independents, and some congregationalists still call themselves "Independents" there. The Congregational Church was formed on a theory of union published by Robert Brown, in 1592. They are the Pilgrims of Plymouth Rock, and the Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which were organized in union by the Cambridge Platform in 1648. There are difficulties identifying such a specific beginning, because given its distinguishing commitment to the complete autonomy of the local congregation, congregationalism.
Roman Catholicism's links with democracy and dictatorships - Catholicism's links with democracy and dictatorships The Roman Catholic Church has had controversial relationships with various forms of government. In its two thousand year history it has had to deal with various concepts and systems of governance, from the Roman Empire to the mediæval divine right of kings, from nineteenth and twentieth century concepts of democracy and pluralist democracy to the appearance of left wing and right wing dictatorial regimes. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Catholicism and the Roman Emperors 2 The papacy and the Divine Right of Kings 2.1 Catholic missionaries at the Chinese court 3 Popular democracy 3.2 The French Revolutions 3.3 Pius IX and the 'errors of the world' 3.4 Leo XIII 3.5 Pius X - back to 'Throne and Altar' 4 The Church and the Twentieth Century.
Karl Josef von Hefele - Unterkochen in Württemberg, and was educated at Tübingen, where in 1839 he became professor-ordinary of Church history and patristics in the Roman Catholic faculty of theology. From 1842 to 1845 he sat in the National Assembly of Württemberg. In December 1869 he was enthroned bishop of Rottenburg. His literary activity, which had been considerable, was in no way diminished by his elevation to the episcopate. Among his numerous theological works may be mentioned his well-known edition of the Apostolic Fathers, issued in 1839; his Life of Cardinal Ximenes, published in 1844 (Eng. trans., 1860); and his still more celebrated History of the Councils of the Church, in seven volumes, which appeared between 1855 and 1874 (Eng. trans., 1871, 1882). Hefele's theological opinions inclined towards the more liberal school in the Roman.
Jacques Nicolas Augustin Thierry - his scholarship less obvious. This work, the preparation of which had required several years of hard work, cost Thierry his eyesight; in 1826 he was obliged to engage secretaries and in 1890 became quite blind. Notwithstanding, he continued to produce works. In 1827 he republished his Lettres sur I'histoire de France, with the addition of fifteen new ones, in which he described some of the more striking episodes in the history of the rise of the medieval communes. The chronicles of the 11th and 12th centuries and a few communal charters provided him, without requiring a great amount of erudition, with materials for a solid work. For this reason his work on the communes has not become so out of date as his Norman Conquest; but he was too apt to.
Jews in the New Testament - passages in different ways. The classical Christian view, is that these verses are condemning those Jews that have not accepted Christian beliefs about God and Jesus. This is a theological and not a racial position, because Jews can be "saved" by converting to Christianity. One claim holds that some of these verses are a critique of "Judeans", meaning specifically the Jews from Judea, as opposed to Jews from Galilee or Samaria for instance. This is based on a translation of the Greek word Ioudaioi as Judeans rather than Jews. This view is becoming popular among Biblical scholars and is held by the Jesus Seminar. Some hold that these verses are a critique of some Jews, or specific individuals, or some aspects of Judaism at the time of Jesus, but not of.
Jewish views of religious pluralism - it relied on idolatrous forms of worship (i.e. to a Trinity of gods and to statues and saints) (see Babylonian Talmud, Hullin, 13b). Other rabbis disagreed, and did not hold it to be idolatry. By the middle ages a new consensus was reached in the Jewish community in which Christianity was generally not held to be idolatry. ("Exclusiveness and Tolerance", Jacob Katz, Oxford Univ. Press, 1961, Ch.10) The Talmud contains a list of seven commandments that Jews believe God required of the children of Noah, i.e. all humanity. These laws are: (1) to establish laws, and to refrain from (2) idolatry, (3) blasphemy, (4) sexual immorality, (5) bloodshed (violence, murder), (6) theft, and (7) the tearing of a limb from a living animal. Jewish law holds that gentiles need follow only.
Jean-Marie Lustiger - and has been a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church since February 1983. (Note that Lustiger pronounces his surname in the French form Loo-sti-zhair.) Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Career 2 Opinions 3 Controversy Career Lustiger was born Aron Lustiger in Paris, of a Polish Jewish family who had settled in France before World War I. When the Germans occupied France in 1940, he was sent to live with a Christian family in Orléans. He converted to Catholicism, despite the objections of his parents, and received baptism on August 21 1940. His parents were deported, and his mother died in Auschwitz extermination camp (his father survived). Lustiger was educated at the University of Paris (the Sorbonne), where he graduated in arts, and at the Catholic Institute of Paris. He was ordained.
John Ball - prisoner at Coventry and executed in the presence of Richard II on July 15 1381. Ball, who was called by Froissart "the mad priest of Kent," seems to have possessed the gift of rhyme. He undoubtedly voiced the feelings of the lower orders of society at that time. John Ball (October 1585 - 1640) was an English puritan divine, born in Cassington, Oxfordshire. After taking his BA degree from St Mary's Hall, Oxford, in 1608, he went into Cheshire to act as tutor to the children of Lady Cholmondeley. He adopted Puritan views, and after being ordained without subscription, was appointed to the small curacy of Whitmore in Staffordshire. He was soon deprived by John Bridgeman, the high church bishop of Chester, who put him to much suffering. He became a.
John Curtin - the country's greatest political leader. Militant youth John Joseph Ambrose Curtin (he dropped the two middle names when he left the Catholic church as a young man), was born in Creswick in central Victoria, the son of a police officer of Irish descent. He had some primary education, but by the age of twelve he was working in a factory in Melbourne. He soon became active in both the Labor Party and the Victorian Socialist Party, a Marxist group. He wrote for radical and socialist newspapers as "Jack Curtin." In 1911 Curtin was employed as secretary of the Timberworkers' Union, and during World War I he was a militant anti-conscriptionist. He was briefly imprisoned for refusing to attend a compulsory medical examination, even though he knew he would fail the exam.
Johann Joseph Ignaz von Döllinger - - January 14, 1890) was a German theologian and church historian. Born at Bamberg, Bavaria, he came of an intellectual family, his grandfather and father having both been eminent physicians and professors of medical science; his mother's family were equally accomplished. Young Döllinger was first educated in the gymnasium at Würzburg, and then began to study natural philosophy at the University of Würzburg, where his father now held a professorship. In 1817 he began the study of mental philosophy and philology, and in 1818 turned to the study of theology, which he believed to lie beneath every other science. He particularly devoted himself to an independent study of ecclesiastical history, a subject very indifferently taught in Roman Catholic Germany at that time. In 1820 he became acquainted with Victor Aimé Huber.
Joseph Langen - supported Döllinger in his resistance to the Vatican decrees, and was excommunicated along with Döllinger, Johann Huber, Johann Friedrich, Franz Heinrich Reusch, Joseph Hubert Reinkens and others, for refusing to accept them. In 1878, in consequence of the permission given to priests to marry, Langen ceased to identify himself with the Old Catholic movement, but was not reconciled with the Roman Catholic Church. His first work was an inquiry into the authorship of the Commentary on St Paul's Epistles and the Treatise on Biblical Questions, ascribed to Saint Ambrose and Augustine of Hippo respectively. In 1868 he published an Introduction to the New Testament. He also published works on the Last Days of the Life of Jesus, on Judaism in the Time of Christ, on John of Damascus (1879) and an.
John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton, 1st Baron Acton - Emerich Joseph, duc de Dalberg, a naturalised French noble of ancient German lineage who had entered the French service under Napoleon and represented Louis XVIII at the Congress of Vienna in 1814, and after Sir Richard Acton's death in 1837 she became (1840) the wife of the 2nd Earl Granville. Coming of a Roman Catholic family, young Acton was educated at Oscott till 1848 under Dr (afterwards Cardinal) Wiseman, and then at Edinburgh, and at Munich under Dollinger, whose lifelong friend he became. He had wished to go to Cambridge, but for a Roman Catholic this was then impossible. By Dollinger he was inspired with a deep love of historical research and a profound conception of its functions as a critical instrument. He was a master of the chief foreign languages,.
John Scott, 1st Earl of Eldon - the year following he obtained a fellowship, graduated BA in 1770, and in 1771 won the prize for the English essay, the only university prize open in his time for general competition. His wife was the eldest daughter of Aubone Surtees, a Newcastle banker. The Surtees family objected to the match, and attempted to prevent it; but a strong attachment had sprung up between them. On 18 November 1772 Scott, with the aid of a ladder and an old friend, carried off the lady from her father's house in the Sandhill, across the border to Blackshiels, in Scotland, where they were married. The father of the bridegroom objected not to his sons choice, but to the time he chose to marry; for it was a blight on his sons prospects, depriving.
July 2003 - States National Security Advisor, is rumored to be planning his resignation from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency following Congressional objections to DARPA's proposed plan to create a futures market on terrorist activities. Poindexter was convicted on multiple counts for his involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair. [1] The Vatican releases a document entitled Considerations Regarding Proposals to Give Legal Recognition to Unions Between Homosexual Persons, in which it rejects same-sex marriage and urges Catholic lawmakers to oppose it in their countries. In Canada, Prime Minister Jean Chrétien and Liberal party leadership candidate Paul Martin Jr, both Roman Catholics, indicate that they will continue to advance a bill for same-sex marriage in Canada despite the Vatican's pronouncement, citing the separation of church and state. A US$3030 million payment to the informant who.
