List of computability and complexity topics - List of computability and complexity topics This is a list of computability and complexity topics, by Wikipedia page. Computability theory is the part of the theory of computation that deals with what can be computed, in principle. Computational complexity theory deals with how hard computations are, in quantitative terms, both with upper bounds (algorithms whose complexity in the worst cases, as use of computing resources, can be estimated), and from below (proofs that no procedure to carry out some task can be very fast). For more abstract foundational matters, see the list of mathematical logic topics. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Calculation 2 Computability theory: models of computation 3 Decision problems 4 Definability questions 5 Complexity theory 6 Complexity classes 7 Named problems 8 Extensions Calculation.
List of mathematical topics - List of mathematical topics These pages collect pointers to all Wikipedia articles related to Mathematics. Everything remotely connected to mathematics, including articles about mathematicians, should be listed here. (For a much nicer list of mathematicians, see list of mathematicians.) The list is not necessarily complete or up to date - if you see an article that should be here but isn't (or one that shouldn't be here but is), please do update the page accordingly. The main purpose of these pages is to make it easy for those interested in the subject to monitor changes to these pages. You can use the following links: Recent changes in mathematics articles, A-C Recent changes in mathematics articles, D-F Recent changes in mathematics articles, G-I Recent changes in mathematics.
List of computing topics - List of computing topics This page aims to list articles on Wikipedia that are related to computing. This is so that those interested in the subject can monitor changes to the pages by clicking on Related changes in the sidebar and on the bottom of the page.. The list is not necessarily complete or up to date - if you see an article that should be here but isn't (or one that shouldn't be here but is), please do update the page accordingly. At the end is a list of important computer people. See also List of programmers. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Symbols/Numbers 1.TR.6.
List of mathematical topics (J-L) - List of mathematical topics (J-L) A-C - D-F - G-I - J-L - M-O - P-R - S-U - V-Z J Jacobi, Carl Gustav Jakob -- Jacobi identity -- Jacobian -- Jacobian matrix -- Jacobson radical -- Jaco-Shalen-Johannson torus decomposition -- Janiszewski, Zygmunt -- Janko group -- Jaynes, Edwin Thompson -- Jensen's inequality -- Johnson solid -- Jones, Vaughan Frederick Randal -- Jordan, Camille -- Jordan curve theorem -- Jordan normal form -- Josephus permutation -- Julia, Gaston -- Julia set -- K K-Hyperperfect number -- K-fold perfect number -- Kac -- Kac, Mark -- Kähler, Erich -- Kähler manifold -- Kaiser window -- Kalman filter -- Kanada, Yasumasa -- Kantorovich, Leonid Vitalyevich -- Karnaugh map -- Kastner, Abraham Gotthelf -- KdV equation -- Kęng-Chih, Tsu.
List of mathematical logic topics - List of mathematical logic topics This is a list of mathematical logic topics, by Wikipedia page. For traditional syllogistic logic, see the list of topics in logic. Clicking on related changes shows a list of most-recent edits of articles to which this page links. This page links to itself in order that recent changes to this page will also be included in related changes. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Working foundations 2 Model theory 3 Set theory 4 Large cardinals 5 Recursion theory 6 Proof theory 7 Mathematical constructivism Working foundations Peano axioms Mathematical induction Three forms of mathematical induction Structural induction Naive set theory Simple theorems in set theory Power set Empty set Empty function Universe (mathematics) Axiomatization Axiomatic system Mathematical proof Tautology Consistency Arithmetization.
Lists of articles by category - Lists of articles by category This list provides a broad overview of all Wikipedia articles by category. None of these are yet comprehensive or up-to-date, but filling in or creating these lists will create an easy way to track articles by their categories, as well as creating an implicit to-do list of topics for which articles have not yet been written. If a "List of" page does not yet exist, or is empty, a link is provided to the next best overview of articles in that category. Please create "List of" pages for each of these categories, and provide a link to each page. Since these categories span broad disciplines of knowledge, these lists complement those found on the list of reference tables, which cover very narrow, specific topics..
Discrete mathematics - in recent decades because of its applications to computer science. Concepts and notations from discrete mathematics are useful to study or express objects or problems in computer algorithms and programming languages. See also the list of basic discrete mathematics topics. For contrast, see continuum, topology, and mathematical analysis. Discrete mathematics usually cover logic - a study of reasoning, set theory - a group of objects, number theory, combinatorics, graph theory, algorithmics - an instruction of computations, information theory, the theory of computability and complexity, a study on theoretical limitations on algorithms, elementary probability theory and Markov chains, linear algebra. Some applications: Game theory -- Queuing theory -- Graph theory -- combinatorial geometry and combinatorial topology -- Linear programming -- cryptography (including cryptology and cryptanalysis) -- theory of computation Reference and Further.
Computer science - topics relating to computers, which range from the abstract analysis of algorithms to more concrete subjects like programming languages, software, and computer hardware. As a scientific discipline, it is a very different activity from computer programming and computer engineering, although the three are often confused. Computer science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes - Edsger Dijkstra Computer science is not as old as physics; it lags by a couple of hundred years. However, this does not mean that there is significantly less on the computer scientist's plate than on the physicist's: younger it may be, but it has had a far more intense upbringing! - Richard Feynman The Church-Turing thesis states that all known kinds of general computing devices are essentially equivalent in what they can do,.
Software engineering - the field. The software crisis Software engineering arose out of the so called software crisis of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, when many software projects had bad endings. Many software projects ran over budget and schedule. Some projects caused property damage. A few projects caused loss of life. As software becomes more pervasive, we all recognize the need for better software. The software crisis was originally defined in terms of productivity, but evolved to emphasize quality. Cost and Budget Overruns: The OS 360 operating system was a classic example. It is still used on the IBM 360 Series and its descendants. This decade-long project eventually produced a working system amongst the most complex software systems ever designed. OS 360 was one of the first very large (1000 programmer) software projects. Fred.
List of philosophical topics (A-C) - List of philosophical topics (A-C) This page aims to list articles on Wikipedia that are related to Philosophy, beginning with the letters A through C. This is so that those interested in the subject can monitor changes to the pages by clicking on Related changes in the sidebar. The list is not necessary complete or up to date - if you see an article that should be here but isn't (or one that shouldn't be here but is), please do update the page accordingly. See also Philosophy basic topics for a pared-down list. List of philosophical topics (A-C) -- (D-H) -- (I-Q) -- (R-Z) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V.
List of game topics - List of game topics This page aims to list articles on Wikipedia that are related to games. This is so that those interested in the subject can monitor changes to the pages by clicking on Related Changes in the sidebar and on the bottom of the page. This list is not necessarily complete or up to date - if you see an article that should be here but isn't (or one that shouldn't be here but is), please update the page accordingly. See Game basic topics for a pared-down list. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Abalone game - Acquire - Advanced Squad Leader -.
List of software engineering topics - List of software engineering topics Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Software engineering technologies and practices 2 Approaches to programming practice 3 Life cycles and strategies 4 Life cycle phases 5 Management issues 6 Notable unsolved problems 7 Notable software engineers 8 Notable applications 9 Notable disasters 10 Notable books 11 Related Fields 12 Related Wikipedia Pages 13 Related web sites Software engineering technologies and practices Programming languages Fortran Cobol C Java C++ Visual Basic Relational databases SQL Software tools Configuration management or source code management Make CVS RCS editors text editors program editors word processors design languages UML Decision tables Patterns and Anti-patterns document many common programming and project management techniques. Software development processes ISO 9000 CMM and CMMI Rational unified process RUP Extreme Programming, Agile.
List of physics topics A-E - List of physics topics A-E A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Abbe number Abbe, Ernst Absolute zero Accelerating universe Acceleration Acoustic theory Action (physics) Active laser medium Adiabatic process Aether theory Aharonov-Bohm effect Albany High Energy Physics Group Alcubierre metric Alembert, Jean le Rond d' Alferov, Zhores Ivanovich Alfvén, Hannes Olof Gösta Alpha particle Alpher, Ralph Alpher-Bethe-Gamow theory Alvarez, Luis Walter Amagat's law Amorphous silicon Ampere Ampere, Andre Marie Ampčre, André-Marie Ampere's law Anderson, Carl David Anderson, Philip Warren Ĺngström, Anders Jonas Angular frequency Angular momentum Angular velocity Annihilation operator Antenna theory Antiferromagnetism Antimatter Antiparticle Appleton, Sir Edward Victor Appleton, Edward Application of tensor theory.
List of computer scientists - List of computer scientists This is a list of computer scientists, people who do work in computer science, in particular researchers and authors. Some persons notable as programmers are included here because they work in research as well as program. A few of these people pre-date the invention of the digital computer; they are now regarded as computer scientists because their work can be seen as leading to the invention of the computer. Others are mathematicians whose work falls within what would now be called theoretical computer science, such as complexity theory and algorithmic information theory. See also: List of programmers A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y.
History of mathematics - of mathematics for a timeline of events in mathematics. See mathematician for a list of biographies of mathematicians. Also see The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art for information about the development of mathematics in China. The word "mathematics" comes from the Greek μάθημα (máthema) which means "science, knowledge, or learning"; μαθηματικός (mathematikós) means "fond of learning". Historically, the major disciplines within mathematics arose out of the need to do calculations in commerce, to measure land and to predict astronomical events. These three needs can be roughly related to the broad subdivision of mathematics into the study of structure, space and change. The study of structure starts with numbers, firstly the familiar natural numbers and integers and their arithmetical operations, which are recorded in elementary algebra. The deeper properties of whole.
Green economics - before Pasteur. It's wrong like phrenology is wrong. Every major tenet of it is wrong," she writes, in Kevin Kelly's book "Out of Control : The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems and the Economic World". Green economists vary drastically in how much they question conventional biology and ethics, how reliant they are on cognitive science as a neutral point of view for their micro-economics of human purchasing. Most however are committed to "moral purchasing" regimes that generally deny the value of nation-states or corporations to diffuse responsibility for moral harms done by one's consumption and purchase habits. Value of life One holy grail of green economists is a theory of why humans see value in such commodities as gold, and why they habitually reward social and sexual fitness (i.e. appearances).
Eco-evolution - priorities that lead to the assumptions, and being able to choose among value sets at will. The power of this ability may be literally godlike." However, none of these capabilities can take effect until eco-evolution begins - an effort, conscious or not, by an entity or group-entity to adjust its energy and environment tolerances to fit conditions encountered locally by their own bodies. Joseph Tainter, in Complexity, Problem Solving, and Sustainable Societies, argued famously that without identifying such basic parameters as the energy cost of finding energy, or saving it, there was no potential for evolution of this nature to begin, and thus no potential for the more intelligent types of adaptation to occur. Having investigated dozens of societies' path from energy glut to eventual collapse, he noted that there was.
Donella Meadows' twelve leverage points to intervene in a system - She claimed we not only need to realise the existence of these shifts (or leverage points) but also to know where they are and how to use them. According to her, most people know where these points are instinctually, but tend to adjust them in the wrong direction. The understanding of these leverage points would be powerful information to solve major global problems such as unemployment, hunger, economic stagnation, pollution, resources depletion, and conservation issues. After Donella Meadows developed an initial nine points list of places to intervene during a meeting, she detailed a twelve leverage points list with further explanation and examples, for systems in general. She describes a system as being in a certain state, and containing a stock, with inflows (amounts coming into the system) and outflows (amounts.
Diffusion (business) - except that it deals with the psychological processes an individual goes through, rather than an aggregate market process. The rate of diffusion is influenced by: the product's perceived advantage or benefit riskiness of purchase ease of product use - complexity of the product immediacy of benefits observability trialability price extent of behavioural changes required return on investment in the case of industrial products There are three theories that proport to explain the mechanics of diffusion: 1) The two-step hypothesis - information and acceptance flows, via the media, first to opinion leaders, then to the general population 2) The trickle-down theory - products tend to be expensive at first, and therefore only accessible to the wealthy social strata - in time they become less expense and are diffussed to lower and lower.
Accounting software - records and processes accounting transactions. It varies greatly in its complexity and cost. Since the mid 1990s, the market has been undergoing considerable consolidation, with many suppliers ceasing to trade or being bought by larger groups, notably by Sage and Microsoft. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Softare Categories 1.1 Personal Accounting 1.2 Business - Low End 1.3 Business - Mid Market 1.4 Business - High End 2 See Also 2.5 Finding related topics Softare Categories Personal Accounting Business - Low End At the low end of the business markets, inexpensive software allows most general business accounting functions to be performed. Suppiers frequently serve a single national market, while larger suppliers offer separate solutions in each national market. Suppliers include: Sage, now owners of many packages, some extending into the mid market.
