Manhattan Project - Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was an effort during World War II in the United States to develop the first nuclear weapon. It was directed by American physicist Dr. Julius Robert Oppenheimer. The industrial problem was centered around the production of sufficient fissile material, of sufficient purity. This effort was two-fold, and is represented in the two bombs that were dropped. The Hiroshima bomb, Little Boy, was uranium-235, a minor isotope of uranium that has to be physically separated from more prevalent uranium-238, which is not suitable for use in an explosive device. The separation was effected mostly by gaseous diffusion of uranium hexafluoride (UF6), but also by other techniques. The bulk of this separation work was done at Oak Ridge. The Nagasaki bomb, Fat Man,.
Chelsea, Manhattan - Chelsea, Manhattan Chelsea is located on the West Side of Manhattan, New York City. It is located to the south of the Garment District, and north of the Meatpacking District; it runs west from Broadway to the Hudson River. The neighborhood is primarily residential, and its many businesses reflect that: restaurants and clothing stores are plentiful. Chelsea has a large gay population. Chelsea is an increasingly significant art gallery district. Chelsea was briefly at the center of a media circus when Sid Vicious (a member of the rock group the Sex Pistols) was charged with the murder of his girlfriend Nancy Spungen on October 12, 1978, while staying in the Chelsea Hotel. The hotel also owes some of its fame to Leonard Cohen who wrote a song.
Project - Project A project is an undertaking of limited duration in time with a defined outcome. It can also comprises an ambitious plan to define and constrain a future by limiting it to set goals and parameters. The planning, execution and monitoring of major projects sometimes involves setting up a special temporary organization, consisting of a project team and one or more work teams. The word project comes from the Latin word projectum from projicere, "to throw something forwards" which in turn comes from pro-, which denotes something that precedes the action of the next part of the word in time (paralleling the Greek πρό) and jacere, "to throw". The word "project" thus actually originally meant "something that comes before anything else is done". When the word.
Manhattan (disambiguation) - Manhattan (disambiguation) The word "Manhattan", when used by itself, can refer to any of the following places or things: Manhattan - a borough of the City of New York, United States Manhattan, Illinois - a village in the United States Manhattan, Kansas - a city in the United States Manhattan, Montana - a town in the United States "Manhattan" - a 1979 movie directed by Woody Allen Manhattan - a cocktail In addition, "Manhattan" is part of the name of the following: Manhattan Beach, California - a town in the United States The Manhattan Bridge - a bridge that connects the boroughs of Brooklyn and Manhattan in the City of New York, and is roughly parallel to the Brooklyn Bridge The Manhattan Project that built the.
Klaus Fuchs - war, German citizens were interned, Fuchs at a camp in Quebec, Canada. However Professor Max Born of Edinburgh University intervened on Fuchs' behalf. By early 1941, Fuchs had returned to Edinburgh where he was approached by Rudolf Peierls to work on the "Tube Alloys" program, the British atomic bomb research project. He became a British citizen in 1942. In late 1943 Fuchs transferred to Columbia University, New York City to work on the Manhattan Project. From August 1944 Fuchs worked in the Theoretical Physics Division at Los Alamos, New Mexico under Hans Bethe. His chief area of expertise was the problem of imploding the fissionable core of the bomb. He was present at the Trinity test. Fuchs passed detailed information on the project to the Russians through Harry Gold in 1945.
Konami - Jack Nicklaus Golf, Defender of the Crown, King of the Beach(developed by Cinemaware), Silent Service (developed by Rare) 1990: Super C, Castlevania 3, Mission: Impossible, Metal Gear II: Snake's Revenge, Rollergames, Ski or Die, TMNT 2: The Arcade Game 1991: Laser Invasion , Tiny Toons Adventure, Bill Elliott's NASCAR Challenge, The Lone Ranger, Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego, Monster in My Pocket, Bucky O' Hare, Base Wars, Pirates, Nightshade, TMNT 3: The Manhattan Project 1992: King's Quest 5, Contra Force, Tiny Toon Adventures Cartoon Workshop, Batman Returns 1993: Tiny Toons 2, TMNT: Tournament Fighters, Zen: Intergalactic Ninja Super NES 1991: Gradius III, Legend of the Mystical Ninja, Super Castlevania IV, 1992: Axelay, Contra 3: The Alien Wars, Prince of Persia, Tiny Toons: Buster Busts Loose, TMNT 4: Turtles In.
James Chadwick - electrical forces present in the nuclei of heavy atoms, this new tool in atomic disintegration need not overcome any electric barrier and is capable of penetrating and splitting the nuclei of even the heaviest elements. Chadwick in this way prepared the way towards the fission of uranium 235 and towards the creation of the atomic bomb. For this epoch-making discovery he was awarded the Hughes Medal of the Royal Society in 1932, and subsequently the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1935. Chadwick became professor of Physics at Liverpool University in 1935 and during the Second World War he joined the Manhattan Project in the United States, developing the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. After the war Chadwick returned to Liverpool University until moving to Cambridge University (1948 - 1958)..
John von Neumann - German name von, becoming János von Neumann. He received his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Budapest at the age of 23. Between 1926 and 1930 he was private lecturer in Berlin. He was one of four people selected for first faculty of the Institute for Advanced Study. He worked on the Manhattan Project. He was the father of game theory and published the classic book Theory of Games and Economic Behavior with Oskar Morgenstern in 1944. He conceived the concept of "MAD" (mutually assured destruction), which dominated American nuclear strategy in the Cold_War. Von Neumann dashed all hope of developing a deterministic quantum mechanics until his work was overturned by David Bohm, J.S. Bell, and others. He held a strong belief in the role of the observer in creating.
Joseph Rotblat - and until 1939 he worked at the university, the Radium Institute in Warsaw and other scientific institutions. He went to Liverpool on a scientific grant and was caught by the WWII. In Britain he was collaborating with James Chadwick and during the war he was involved in the Manhattan project but left when he had found out that it led to the arms race. He became one of the prominent critics of nuclear arms race and founded with Bertrand Russell the Pugwash organization. Despite the Iron Curtain and the Cold War he advocated establishing links between scientists from the West and East. Similarily to the Hippocratic Oath he thought that scientists should have their own moral code of conduct..
July 16 - the county of Kastanome has been exiled. Exile and extermination in Turkish are the same, for whoever is not murdered, will die from hunger or illness." 1918 - Russian Revolution: At Ekaterinburg, Bolsheviks execute Czar Nicholas II of Russia and his family. 1942 - Holocaust: On order from the Vichy France government headed by Pierre Laval, French police officers round-up 13,000-20,000 Jews and imprison them in the Winter Velodrome. 1945 - Manhattan Project: The Atomic Age begins when the United States successfully detonates a plutonium-based test nuclear weapon at the Trinity site near Alamogordo, New Mexico. 1957 - United States Marine Major John Glenn flies a F8U supersonic jet from California to New York in 3 hours, 23 minutes and 8 seconds setting a new transcontinental speed record. 1969 - Apollo.
Ingeborg Bachmann - Ludwig Wittgenstein. Ingeborg Bachmann died three weeks after a fire in the bedroom, on October 17, 1973 in a Roman hospital. The real cause of her death remains unsolved, the rumour is spread that she did not succumb to the burns but to her compulsive pill-taking which was prevented by the stay in hospital. Selected works Die gestundete Zeit (lyric poetry, 1953) Die Zikaden (radio play, 1955) Anrufung des Grossen Bären (lyric poetry, 1956) Der gute Gott von Manhattan (radio play, 1958) "Die Wahrheit ist dem Menschen zumutbar" (poetological speech at a German presentation of awards, 1959) "Frankfurter Vorlesungen" (lecture on problems of contemporary literature, 1959) Das dreißigste Jahr (story volume, 1961) Malina) (novel, 1971) Simultan (story volume, 1972) Todesarten (novel-cycle project, unfinished).
Inwood Hill Park - a city-owned and maintained public park in northern Manhattan. It stretches along the Hudson River from Dyckman Street to the northern tip of the island. It is the only natural (non-landscaped) park on Manhattan. As the name suggests, large areas of the park are hills, mostly wooded. The park also contains three children's playgrounds; baseball and soccer fields; tennis and basketball courts. All of these facilities are popular with people from the neighborhood, for both organized leagues (including the local Little League) and more casual games. The Urban Ecology Center at the north end of the park is both a location for educational programs and the local headquarters of the park rangers. The area of the park along the Harlem River includes a small salt marsh that attracts large numbers of.
Isotope separation - is of extreme interest to the intelligence community. Diffusion Often done with gases, but also with liquids, the diffusion method relies on the fact that in thermal equilibrium, two isotopes with the same energy will have different average velocities. The lighter atoms (or the molecules containing them) will travel more quickly and be more likely to diffuse through a membrane. The difference in speeds is proportional to the square root of the mass ratio, so the amount of separation is small and many cascaded stages are needed to obtain high purity. This method is expensive due to the work needed to push gas through a membrane and the many stages necessary. The United States uses large diffusion separation plants at Oak Ridge Laboratories, which were established as part of the Manhattan.
Isamu Noguchi - major cities. Such works include: a bridge in Hiroshima's Peace Park sculpture for First National City Bank Building in Fort Worth, Texas Sunken Garden for Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut Billy Rose Sculpture Garden, Israel Museum, Jerusalem Sunken Garden for Chase Manhattan Bank Plaza in New York, New York Gardens for the IBM headquarters in Armonk, New York Kodomo no Kuni, a children's playground in Tokyo, Japan Dodge Fountain and Philip A. Hart Plaza in Detroit, Michigan (created in collaboration with Shoji Sadao) His works were not limited to sculptures and gardens. He designed stage sets for various Martha Graham productions; he designed some mass-produced objects such lamps and furniture some of which are still manufactured and sold today. His work lives on.
Hanford Site - The Hanford Site was established during World War II as part of the Manhattan Project to provide the plutonium necessary for the development of nuclear weapons. Currently, the Hanford Site is engaged in the world’s largest environmental cleanup with many challenges to be resolved in the face of overlapping, technical, political, regulatory, and cultural interests. The cleanup effort is focused on three outcomes: restoring the Columbia River corridor for other uses, transitioning the central plateau to long-term waste treatment and storage, and preparing for the future. The Uranium Committee of the federal Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) decided to sponsor an intensive research project on plutonium, the strange new substance that had been isolated in a University of California Laboratory only nine months earlier. The OSRD placed the contract.
Hans Bethe - in 1935 to the USA where he taught at Cornell University. He was the Director of the Theoretical Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory and participated at the most senior level in the World War II Manhattan Project that produced the first atomic weapons. During 1935-1938, he studied nuclear reactions and reaction cross sections. This research was useful to Bethe in more quantitatively developing Niels Bohr's theory of the compound nucleus. In 1967, Bethe was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his studies of the production of solar and stellar energy, stellar nucleosynthesis. He postulated that the source of this energy are thermonuclear reactionss in which hydrogen is converted into helium. Bethe is noted for his theories on atomic properties. During the '80s and '90s he campaigned for the peaceful.
History of physics - 19th century In a letter to the Royal Society in 1800, Alessandro Volta described his invention of the electric battery, thus providing for the first time the means to generate a constant electric current, and opening up a new field of physics for investigation. In 1847 Joule stated the law of conservation of energy, in the form of heat as well as mechanical energy. However, the principle of conservation of energy had been suggested or enunciated in various forms by perhaps a dozen German, French, British and other scientists during the first half of the 19th Century. The behavior of electricity and magnetism was studied by Faraday, Ohm, and others. Faraday, who began his career in chemistry working under Humphrey Davy at the Royal Institution, demonstrated that electrostatic phenomena, the action.
History of nuclear weapons - reactions. These weapons were initially developed in the United States during World War II in the Manhattan Project. A considerable amount of international negotiating has focused on the threat of nuclear warfare and the proliferation of nuclear weapons to new nations or groups. This article discusses the historical development of nuclear weapons. Related articles include: nuclear weapons, nuclear weapon design, nuclear explosion, nuclear warfare, nuclear proliferation, nuclear strategy, nuclear reactor, Manhattan Project, Los Alamos National Laboratory Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Development 2 World War II 3 Cold War 4 Hydrogen bomb 5 Other countries with nuclear weapons 6 Nuclear test explosions 7 See also 8 References 9.
Holland Tunnel - two highway tunnels under the Hudson River connecting the island of Manhattan with New Jersey. Begun in 1920 and completed in 1927, it is named after Clifford Milburn Holland (1883 - 1924), Chief Engineer on the project, who died before it was completed. The tunnel is one of the earliest examples of a ventilated design, having 80-ft diameter fans blowing air in one series of ducts and out another series. Ventilation was required by the advent of the automobile and associated carbon monoxide exhaust. The world's first major ventilated highway tunnel, the Holland consists of a pair of tubes, each providing a two lanes in a twenty foot roadway width. The north tube is 8,558 ft from end to end, while the south tube is slightly shorter at just 8,371 ft..
George Washington Bridge - a suspension bridge located over the Hudson River, between New York City, near the northern end of Manhattan Island, and the city of Fort Lee, New Jersey. Its chief engineer was Othmar Ammann. Construction of the bridge began in September 1927, a project of the Port of New York Authority. It was dedicated on October 24, 1931. It had the longest main span in the world when it opened, and at 3500 feet (1067 m), nearly doubled the record, 1850 ft., with a total length of 4760 feet which had been held by the Ambassador Bridge. (The record has since been exceeded numerous times.) It was originally constructed with only a single deck, but a second, lower deck, which had been anticipated in its design, was added in 1962. It was.
