Kara-Khanid Khanate - Kara-Khanid Khanate The Muslim, Turkic Kara-Khanid Khanate is not to be confused with the Sinitic, Khitan Kara-Khitan Khanate. The former was established by Turkic Qarluk-Uygur princes who converted to Islam and held Turkestan in the 11th century. Prior to the Qarluk-Uygurs' migration to Turkestan, the great Uygur Khanate of Mongolia, with its Manichaean state religion, its capital in Karabalgasun in northern central Mongolia and its vibrant Sogdian-Chinese hybrid high culture, was destroyed by Khakas, or Kyrgyz nomads from the Baikal region. A branch of the Uygurs migrated to oasis settlements of Tarim Basin and Gansu, such as Gaochang (Khoja) and Hami (Kumul) and set up a confederation of decentralized Buddhist states called Kara-Khoja. Others, occupying western Tarim Basin, Ferghana Valley, Jugaria and parts of Kazakhstan bordering the Muslim, Turco-Tajik.
Kara-Khitan Khanate - tribe, only played out as dynastic conflict between the conquering Khitay elites and the defending Kara-Khanid princes, resulting in the subjugation of the latter by the former, and in the subjugation of the Muslim Qarluks by their Nestorian kins and the Nestorian Naimans. See also: Kara-Khanid Khanate.
Kaaba - to Arabic pagan gods. Muhammad, preaching the doctrines of one God (called Allah) and the threat of the Day of Judgment, did not at first have much success in the city of Makkah. The Quraysh persecuted and harassed him continuously, and he was forced to flee. On his return from the Hijra, the Kaaba was re-dedicated as a temple to Allah. According to tradition, the Kaaba was built by the prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) and his son Ishmael. The Qibla and prayer The Qibla, for any point of reference on the Earth, is the direction of the Kaaba. In Muslim religious practice, supplicants must face this direction in prayer. It should be noted that Muslims do not worship the Kaaba or its contents, any more than Christians worship churches or crosses; the.
Kaffir - In a religious context it is often used to mean infidel, unbeliever, i.e., a non-Muslim. In South Africa, some white people, especially among Afrikaners, use the word Kaffir as a derogatory term referring to persons of aboriginal African descent; it is a counterpart of the North American word nigger. Kaffir is also a variety of lime, the Kaffir lime leaves used in cooking..
Kaolack region - has a large peanut oil factory. Brewing, leather tanning, cotton ginning, and fish processing are also important industries. Salt is produced from nearby salines. The city is on the railroad from Dakar to the Niger River in Mali. Kaolack is the center of the Sufi Muslim Tijaniyya brotherhood, whose mosque is on the city's outskirts..
Veil - face, usually that of a woman. Veils are often part of the stereotypical image of the courtesan and harem woman. Hijab, the Muslim concept of female modesty, is often inaccurately referred to as "the veil." However, hijab takes many different forms. Perhaps most women who practice hijab do not cover their face, but rather their hair. However, the Afghan burqa does cover the face. It has been suggested that the practice of wearing a veil - uncommon among the Arab tribes prior to the rise of Islam - originated in Byzantium, from whence it spread among the Arabs. The expression "to take the veil" can also mean to become a nun. In the custom of white weddings, a diaphanous veil is often part of the bride's apparel..
Khazaran - was a bustling trade center easily reachable by ship from the Caspian Sea and Volga River, and many of its inhabitants were crafters, fishers, and traders. The leader of the city was a Muslim official known as the vizier..
Khalifa - Arabic for "stewardship" of nature and family, a key obligation of a Muslim (one accepting Islam). By contrast, in Judeo-Christian tradition, the term "dominion over nature" is the usual translation of the Hebrew word in Genesis (which is?). While Sunni and Shia Islam differ sharply on the conduct of a caliph and the right relations between a leader and a community, they do not differ on the underlying theory of stewardship. Both abhor waste of natural resources in particular to show off or demonstrate power. Many consider this conservation urge a necessity of any desert culture, where oases are precious and natural capital must be preserved, in particular clean water sources. Three specific ways in which khalifa is manifested in Muslim practice are the creation of haram to protect water, hima.
Khyal - and performances long (half an hour or more), the lyrics lose much of their importance. Improvisation is added to the songs in a number of ways: for example improvising new melodies to the words, using the syllables of the songs to improvise material (bolbant, boltaans), singins the names of the scale degrees - sa, re, ga, ma, pa, da and ni (sargam) - or simply intersperse phrases sung on the vowel A, akar taans. Now and then, the singer returns to the song, especially its first line, as a point of reference. History The history of khyal is closely tied to a system of Muslim family styles, or gharanas. About a dozen khyal gharanas are well-known, and were traditionally quite different. Each may have originated in a particular city or at.
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan - the Western World as this lifelong pacifist. Ghaffar Khan was a Pathan (or Pushtun) and was educated in a small school run by Christian missionaries. Although a devout Muslim for his entire life, his childhood was in sharp contrast to his contemporaries. Education as a means of social advancement remained a dominant theme throughout his life. Ghaffar Khan’s goal was a united, independent, secular India. To achieve that end, he founded the Khudai Khidmatgar (“Servants of God”) during the 1920’s. The Khudai Khidmatgar was based on a belief in the power of complete non-violence. Its members vowed: “I shall never use violence. I shall not retaliate or take revenge, and shall forgive anyone who indulges in oppression and excesses against me.” Also known as the “Red Shirts”, the organization recruited over.
Kharijites - mainstream Islam and from the Shiites. The origins of Kharijites lie in the strife over political supremacy over the Muslim community in the years following the death of Muhammad. The third Caliph, Uthman, was killed by mutineers in 656 AD, and a struggle for succession ensued between Ali, cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, and Mu'awiya, governor of Damascus. The core of Ali's followers later became Shiites, but a group of tribes settled in Iraq who originally supported him rebelled in 658; they became known as Kharijites (in Arabic Khawārij, singular Khārijī, meaning 'those that seceded'). Ali defeated the military rebellion, but the Kharijites survived and an adherent of the movement murdered Ali in 661. Kharijite theology was a form of radical fundamentalism, preaching uncompromising observance of the teachings of Quran in.
Khwarezmia - written form), passed into use in Khwareszm to the north, where it served as the first local alphabet, about the 2nd century. It was there from that script that the various Turkic rune alphabets developed. Middle Ages According to Biruni the area was ruled by the Afrigid dynasty from the 4th-8th centuries. The resurgent kingdom was established around Khiva in 410CE by Avar tribes possibly under Hephthalites influence. The inhabitants were called Khwalis or Kaliz by the Magyars after the eastern-most Kabarss of Hungary, who dwelt in Carpathian Galicia. They were also called Khalisioi in Greek, Khvalis (and often associated with Khazars) in Russian and HuaLaZiMu(or perhaps Kua-Li & Ho-li-sih-mi-kia) in Chinese. The etymology of the name is unknown but may pertain to a kingdom of the Aral sea or Hua.
Khaled Mashal - deal with this man. He is impossible." [1] Jordanian authorities later released the Mossad agents in exchange for the release of Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, the founder and "spiritual leader" of Hamas who was serving a life sentence in an Israeli prison. In August of 1999, probably in reaction to pressure from the Clinton Administration, Jordanian police issued an arrest warrant for Mashal in advance of a visit to the country by then-Secretary of State Madeleine Albright [1]. In October of 2002 Mashal is believed to have met with Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah to discuss the Israeli-Palestinian conflict during the World Assembly of Muslim Youth in Riyadh. The outcome of that meeting is unknown, although supposed Hamas documents discovered by Israeli security forces described the meeting as "excellent" [1]. Recently, Mashal has.
Khalid bin Walid - Khalid bin Walid (584 - 642) was a Muslim Arab soldier and general. Khalid bin Walid was born around 584 in Mecca to the chief of the Bani Makhzum clan of the Quraish Tribe. His clan was responsible for warfare, and his father was well off. These two factors combined to make him proficient in warfare and fighting. As an adult, Khalid had grown to become a strong man and was well known among the Quraish for his fighting abilities. Following Muhammad's proclimation of the new faith of Islam, many battles were fought between the new Muslims and the Quraishi tribes. Khalid's military genius was responsible for turning the Battle of Uhud into a victory for the Quraishi forces after what had looked like a sure defeat. Following the Truce of.
Kim Stanley Robinson - where non-monogamous relationships are commonplace). Some reviewers (including, for instance, many of the reader reviews at Amazon.com) have criticised these aspects of the books on the basis that it is Marxist and Green propaganda, and completely unrealistic. Other reviewers have categorised such people as wanting to read "Young Christian Republicans Go To Mars", and have suggested that the point of science fiction is to explore new ideas. Other novels His other novels include Icehenge (1984), The Memory of Whiteness (1985) -- a musican's tour through the solar system --and the alternate history The Years of Rice and Salt (2002), a thought experiment about a world without Christianity, featuring Muslim, Chinese and Hindu culture and philosophy. Not only because of the long time scale, but because of its realistic-utopian elements, and the.
Kingdom of Jerusalem - expand, with the city of Tyre captured in 1124. Life in the Kingdom As new generations grew up in the kingdom, they began to think of themselves as "oriental," rather than European. They often learned to speek Greek, Arabic, and other eastern languages, and married Greeks or Armenians (and, rarely, Muslims). The kingdom was essentially based on the feudal system of contemporary western Europe, but with many important differences. First of all, the kingdom was situated within a relatively small area, with little agricultural land. Since ancient times had been an urban economy, unlike medieval Europe; in fact, although the nobility technically owned land, they preferred to live in Jerusalem or the other cities. As in Europe the nobles had vassals and were themselves vassals to the king. However, agricultural production.
Kim Philby - John Cairncross. Philby was nicknamed Kim after a fictional spy. Born in Ambala, India the son of the British diplomat, explorer, author, Arabist and converted Muslim Harry St. John Philby, at one time an adviser to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia. After leaving Westminster School in 1928, Philby went on to Trinity College, Cambridge. While a student there Philby was introduced to, and came to admire, the ideals of Communism. He was not exactly 'recruited' as a spy - he volunteered. He asked one of his tutors, Maurice Dobb, how he could serve the Communist movement. Dobb passed him on (possibly not knowing what it would lead to) to a Communist front organisation, which passed him on to the Comintern underground in Vienna. He was recruited by the Soviet intelligence.
Kimmo Lehtonen - fiction oriented website in Finland, Babek Nabel. His first novel Timbuktun Hetket (1997), ("Timbuktu Moments") was an eerily prescient tale of a muslim fundamentalist who is bankrolled by a businessman with ulterior motives to create havoc in order to destabilize an Arab nations government..
Knights Templar - Poor Knights of Christ were founded in 1118 in the aftermath of the First Crusade to help the new Kingdom of Jerusalem maintain itself against its defeated Muslim neighbors, and to ensure the safety of the large numbers of European pilgrims that flowed towards Jerusalem after its conquest. Their name alludes to their historical headquarters in the Mosque of Omar (a.k.a. "Dome of the Rock") on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. This they renamed Templum Domini. Represented on one of their seals, the structure was believed to be a remnant of the Temple of Jerusalem, and was the model for many Templar churches in Europe, for example the Temple church, London. See also Raphael's painting The Marriage of the Virgin on show in the Brera Gallery, Milan. The Templars were organized.
Kosovo population data-points - Official Yugoslav statistical corrections, with the help of previous census results (1948-1981) 1,956,196 Total population (corrected from 359,346) - 214,555 Orthodox Serbs (194,190 Serbians and 20,365 Montenegrins) - 1,596,072 or 81,6 % Albanians (corrected from 9,091) - 66,189 (Slavic) Muslims (corrected from 57,758) - 45,745 Roma (corrected from 44,307) - 10,445 Turks - 8,062 Croats (Janjevci) - 3,457 Yugoslavs 1999 approx. 88% Albanians (1,672,000), 6% Serbs (114,000), 3% Muslim Slavs (57,000), 2% Roma (38,000), 1% Turks (19,000). Total population circa 1.9 mn. 4 References 1 The Serbian Information Centre 2 The International Criminal Tribunal For The Former Yugoslavia 3 Kosovo 4 UNMIK Fact Sheet on Kosovo.
