Northern Pole of Inaccessibility - Northern Pole of Inaccessibility The Northern Pole of Inaccessibility , located at 84°03' North, 174°51' West, is the point farthest from any northern coastline. It is located within the Arctic region. It is on the surface of the Arctic Ocean which is most distant from land, about 700 miles from the nearest coast. It is a geographic construct, not an actual physical phenomenon. It was first reached by Sir Hubert Wilkins, who flew by aircraft in 1927; in 1958 a Russian icebreaker reached this point..
North Pole - North Pole The North Pole, the northernmost point on the Earth, can be defined in four different ways. Only the first two definitions are commonly used. However it is defined, the North Pole lies in the Arctic Ocean. The Geographic North Pole, also known as True North, is the northernmost point on the Earth as determined by the planet's rotation. It has a known fixed position, at latitude 90° North. The boundaries of Canada extend all the way to the Geographic North Pole. There is no land at this location, which is usually covered by sea ice. The Magnetic North Pole is the northern point at which the geomagnetic field points vertically, i.e. the dip is 90°. This definition was proposed by Sir William Gilbert, a courtier.
Geographic North Pole - Geographic North Pole The Geographic North Pole, also known as true North, is the northern point at which the Earth's axis of rotation meets the surface. For other definitions of the North Pole, see North Pole. Geographic North has a known fixed position, at latitude 90° North. In whichever direction you travel from here, you are always heading south. The boundaries of Canada extend all the way to the Geographic North Pole. There is no land at this location, which is usually covered by sea ice. The first expedition to the pole is generally accepted to have been made by Navy engineer Robert Edwin Peary, his servant Matthew Henson, and four Inuit men, Ootah, Seegloo, Egingway, and Ooqueah, on April 9, 1909. However, some have estimated that Peary.
Celestial pole - Celestial pole The two celestial poles are the imaginary points where the Earth's spin axis intersects the celestial sphere. The sky appears to drift overhead from east to west, completing a full circuit around the sky in 24 (sideral) hours. This phenomenon is due to the spinning of the Earth on its axis. The Earth's spin axis intersects the celestial sphere at two points. These points are the celestial poles. As the Earth spins, they remain fixed in the sky, and all other points seem to rotate around them. The celestial poles are also the poles of the celestial equatorial coordinate system, meaning they have declinations of +90 degrees and -90 degrees (for the north and south celestial poles, respectively). The north celestial pole currently has nearly.
William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk - William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk William de la Pole (1396- May 2, 1450), 4th Earl and 1st Duke of Suffolk, was an important English soldier and commander in the Hundred Years' War, and later Lord Chamberlain of England. He also appears prominently in Shakespeare's Henry VI, part 1 and Henry VI, part 2. He was seriously wounded during the siege of Harfleur (1415), where his father, the 2nd Earl, was killed. Later that year his older brother was killed at the Battle of Agincourt, and he succeeded as 4th Earl. At the siege of Orleans (1429) he became co-commander of the English forces after the death of the Earl of Salisbury, but was captured by the French a few days later. He remained a.
Krypton - this gas in earth's atmosphere is about 1 ppm. It can be extracted from liquid air by fractional distillation. Compounds Like the other rare gases krypton is widely considered to be chemically inert. However, studies conducted since the 1960s have uncovered some compoundss of krypton. Krypton difluoride has been made in gram quantities and can be produced in several different ways. Other fluorides and a salt of a krypton called oxyacid have also been found. ArKrKr+ and KrH+ molecule-ions have been investigated and there is evidence for KrXe or KrXe+. Isotopes Naturally occurring krypton is composed of six stable isotopes. Krypton's spectral signature is easily produced with some very sharp lines. Kr-81 is the product of atmospheric reactions with the other naturally occurring isotopes of krypton. It is radioactive with a.
Venera 15 and 16 - 4 degrees relative to one another. This made it possible to reimage an area if necessary. Each spacecraft was in a nearly polar orbit with a periapsis at 62 N latitude. Together, the two spacecraft imaged the area from the north pole down to about 30 degrees N latitude over the 8 months of mapping operations. In June 1984, Venus was at superior conjunction and passed behind the Sun as seen from Earth. No transmissions were possible, so the orbit of Venera 16 was rotated back 20 degrees at this time to map the areas missed during this period. Venera 15 was launched on June 2 1983, and Venera 16 four days later. Venera 16 reached Venus' orbit on October 14 1983. At one point in time, in 1984, Venus orbit.
John Mandeville - it incumbent on every traveller in Asia to find some new tale to tell of him. Many fabulous stories, again, of monsters, such as cyclopes, sciapodes, hippopodes, monoscelides, anthropophagi, and men whose heads did grow beneath their shoulders, of the phoenix and the weeping crocodile, such as Pliny has collected, are introduced here and there, derived no doubt from him, Solinus, the bestiaries, or the Speculum naturale of Vincent de Beauvais. And interspersed, especially in the chapters about the Levant, are the stories and legends that were retailed to every pilgrim, such as the legend of Seth and the grains of paradise from which grew the wood of the cross, that of the shooting of old Cain by Lamech, that of the castle of the sparrow-hawk (which appears in the talc.
Jurassic - Dogger Callovian (160-154 M.y.) Batonian (164-160 M.y.) Bajocian (170-164 M.y.) Aalenian (175-170 M.y.) Lias Toarcian (184-175 M.y.) Pliensbachian (191-184 M.y.) Sinemurian (200-191 M.y.) Hettangian (203-200 M.y.) During the Early Jurassic, the supercontinent of Pangea broke up into North America, Eurasia and Gondwana. But the early Atlantic and Tethyan seas were relatively narrow. In the late Jurassic, the southern continent, Gondwana, started to break up. Climates were warm with no evidence of glaciation. As in the Triassic, apparently there was no land near either pole or ice caps. Jurassic geological record is well exposed in Western Europe, were marine sequences are found along the coast. A shallow sea (epicontinental sea) was present in parts of the northern plains of the United States and Canada. Most Jurassic exposures in North America are continental..
Julius von Payer - attended the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt (near Vienna). In 1859 he served as a sub-lieutenant in Northern Italy. He participated in the 1859 Battle of Solferino. From 1860-1863 he served at the garrison in Verona, Italy. In 1862 he started exploratory tours of the South Tyrolian Alps and Hohen Tauern. From 1864-1868 he explored the Adamello-Presanella-Group and the Ortler-Alps. On June 24, 1866 he was heroic at the Battle of Custozza and was decorated. In 1868 he was invited by the German geographer August Petermann to participate in the 1869-1870 2nd German Northpolar Expedition ("Germania" under Koldewey ). In 1871 he participated in the preliminary Austro-Hungarian expedition to Novaya Zemlya, with Karl Weyprecht. From 1872-1874 he led the Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition with Karl Weyprecht. In 1874 he resigned.
Heimdall - Heimdall Heimdall ("pole of the world") is one of the gods in the Norse Mythology. He is the guardian that is to blow the Giallar horn if a danger approaches Asgard. His senses are so acute that he can hear the grass grow and he can see to the end of the world; he also required very little sleep. He is moreover the guardian of the Bifrost Bridge. During Ragnarok, Heimdall was destined to kill and be killed by Loki. He was a god of light, son of nine different mothers (the children of either Geirrendour or Aegir, called billow maidens). His hall was called Himinbjorg and his horse was Gultopp. Another name for Heimdall is Rig ("ruler") as well as Gullintani ("gold tooth" -- he had golden.
Henry Hudson - 1607, Hudson set sail on the Hopewell to find a northeast passage to Asia through the Arctic Ocean via the North Pole. The voyage was paid for by the Moscovy Company, one of a small number of corporations given Royal Charters. In June he reached the eastern shore of Greenland and started northward, mapping as they went. On the 20th they started out for Svalbard , eventually reaching an island on the northern end of the group on the 17th of July. At this point the ship was only 577 nautical miles from the pole, but it was clear there is no way to go further due to the ice and he decided to return to England on the 31st. On the return voyage Hudson discovered what is now known as.
History of skiing - snowshoe, which was an oval wooden board later on covered with fur. The sledge runner, which seems to be a very obvious model for the ski, though it is hardly taken into account. The fur shoe, which was a combination of moccasins and sandals and worn together with pedal snowshoes. The marsh shoe, which later on was taken to colder regions with snow. The canoe or the coracle, both being utilized in northern regions from very early on. Having been used as sledges, small ones might equally have served as proto-skis. The ski being a spontaneous invention is very unlikely. The fur that covered the skis made it possible to walk on them nearly noiselessly, prevented them from gliding, avoided snow to stick to them and also strengthened the often thin.
History of Seattle before 1900 - tribes 1862, killing roughly half of the native population. Governmental policies almost certainly furthered the progress of the epidemic among the natives. [1] Yesler's Mill At first, Alki was larger than Seattle. "It was platted into six blocks of eight lots...and most of them had buildings on them that were in use. There weren't eight level, usable blocks in all of Seattle." [William C. Speidel, Sons of the Profits, p.31] However, when Henry Yesler brought "financial backing from a Massillon, Ohio capitalist, John E. McLain, to start a steam sawmill once he had isolated the perfect location for such a structure," [William C. Speidel, Sons of the Profits, p.60], he chose a Seattle location, on the waterfront where Maynard and Denny's plats met. Thereafter Seattle would dominate the lumber industry. Yelser.
Ulysses (spacecraft) - first flew to Jupiter for a swing-by maneuver which brought it out of the ecliptic plane, in order to investigate the polar regions of the sun. It did explore both the northern and southern solar pole, which gave many unexpected result. Especially the southern magnetic pole was found to be much more dynamical and without any fixed clear magnetic pole. The short version "The sun has no magnetic south pole" is misleading, as the sun is not a magnetic monopole. Ulysses' mission is extended until at least 2004..
Geography of the Soviet Union - Central Asia resembled the Australian outback. The Crimean coast on the Black Sea was the Soviet Riviera, and the mountains rimming the southern boundary were as imposing as the Swiss Alps. However, most of the topography and climate resembles that of the northernmost portion of the North American continent. The northern forests and the plains to the south find their closest counterparts in the Yukon Territory and in the wide swath of land extending across most of Canada. Similarities in terrain, climate, and settlement patterns between Siberia and Alaska and Canada are unmistakable. After the Bolshevik Revolution and the ensuing Civil War (1918- 21), Soviet regimes transformed, often radically, the country's physical environment. In the 1970s and 1980s, Soviet citizens, from the highest officials to ordinary factory workers and farmers, began.
Great Grey Shrike - member of the family Laniidae, the shrikes. The Great Grey Shrike breed in northern Europe and Asia and winters further south in those continents. It is known in North America as Northern Shrike; it breeds in northern Canada and Alaska and winters south to the northern USA. There is a very similar resident southern European species, the Southern Grey Shrike, Lanius meridionalis , occurring in the Iberian Peninsula and southern France, which was previously treated as a race of Great Grey. The general colour of the upper parts is pearl grey; a stripe above the eye and the cheeks and chin are white, and a deep black streak extends from the forehead, through the eye, to the ear coverts. The scapulars are white and the wings black and white, with one.
Finglas - range of mountains on the south and a high tableland on the north. This, he states, causes a thorough draught, but he adds that the advantage lies with the north side of the city, where the land rising only to a gentle elevation enables the foul air to escape from that side: - "A gentle breeze from the east is not sufficient to disperse the smoke and vapours of the city, as anyone will be convinced who will take a walk to Finglas, or any more elevated place situated to the north of the city, in such a state of weather, when he will see a large cloud of smoke interrupted by, and stagnating under the mountains to the south, of which the villages to the south have a large share,.
Figure of the Earth - for adoption. The new ellipsoid was not recommended to replace the International Ellipsoid (1924), but was advocated for use where a greater degree of accuracy is required. It became a part of the Geodetic Reference System 1967 which was approved and adopted at the 1971 meeting of the IUGG held in Moscow. It is used in Australia for the Australian Geodetic Datum and in South America for the South American Datum 1969. The ellipsoid called GRS-80 (Geodetic Reference System 1980) was approved and adopted at the 1979 meeting of the IUGG held in Canberra, Australia. The ellipsoids used to define WGS 66 and WGS 72 are discussed in Chapter VIII. Australia NAME EQUATORIAL RADIUS FLATTENING WHERE USED Krassowsky (1940) 6,378,245m 1/298.3 Russia International (1924) 6,378,388 1/297 Europe Clarke (1880) 6,378,249 1/293.46.
Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset - from 1444 to 1449, Somerset was Lieutenant of France. In 1448 he was created Duke of Somerset. (He is usually called 2nd duke since his brother John had also been duke, though strictly speaking of a separate creation.) Somerset found military success elusive after hostilities begain again in 1149. By the summer of 1450 the bulk of the English possessions in northern France were in French hands. This loss lead to the fall of the king's chief minister, William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk. Somerset returned to England, where he took Suffolk's place as the king's counselor. He was a favorite of the Queen, Margaret of Anjou. In fact some claimed that Edward of Westminster, the young Prince of Wales was his son, and not the king's. The focus.
