Uniform Resource Locator - in creating the World Wide Web It combines into one simple address the four basic items of information necessary to find a document anywhere on the Internet: The protocol to use to communicate with that machine The machine or domain name to go to An open network port on the target machine connected to some service The path or file name on that machine A typical simple URL can look like: http://www.wikipedia.org:80/wiki where http specifies which protocol to use. //www.wikipedia.org specifies the domain name to contact. 80 specifies the network port number of the remote machine. Under most circumstances, this portion may be omitted entirely. In the case of the http protocol the default value is 80. /wiki is the request path on the specified system. Most Web browsers do not.
KDE - cosmetic elements such as the translucency in menus and antialiasing, which are comparable to features in Windows and Mac OS X. A typical KDE session: the main menu (left), kmail (background), konqueror the KDE web browser and file manager (center/right) and noatun (top right), a multimedia player. () There is both competition and cooperation between KDE and GNOME, another free graphical desktop environment for Unix. KDE is developed in conjunction with KDevelop, a software development suite, and KOffice, a suite of office software. KDE is reported to be in open source development for the x86 (Intel chip) port of the Darwin OS system. Darwin, the foundation of Mac OS X, is based on the Mach kernel and BSD, a family of open source Unices. Though limited with respect to the hardware.
Kerckhoffs' law - it except the key information. It was reformulated (perhaps independently) by Claude Shannon as "the enemy knows the system". In that form it is called Shannon's Maxim. Since the advent of open source software development, these principles have increasingly been used to ground arguments for it (and against "security through obscurity"). Kerckhoffs' principle was one of six design principles laid down by Kerchoffs for military ciphers. Kerckhoffs' original six cipher design principles were: (in French) 1° Le système doit être matériellement, sinon mathématiquement, indéchiffrable ; 2° Il faut qu'il n'exige pas le secret, et qu'il puisse sans inconvénient tomber entre les mains de l'ennemi ; 3° La clef doit pouvoir en être communiquée et retenue sans le secours de notes écrites, et être changée ou modifiée au gré des correspondants ;.
KHTML - C++ and licensed under the LGPL. It supports HTML 4, CSS 1 and 2, DOM and JavaScript. Some extra abilities and quirks from Internet Explorer are supported, even though they are not part of the HTML standard definition. KHTML is fast, but less error tolerant than the Gecko layout engine, its main open source rival and core of the Mozilla browser..
Kim Jong-il - Department before being named a member of the Party Politburo in 1968 and promoted to deputy director of the Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Party Headquarters in 1969. In 1973, Kim was elected Party secretary of organization and propaganda, and in 1974, he was officially designated his father's successor. During the next 15 years he continued to add entries to his curriculum vitae, among them minister of culture and art, supreme commander of the military, and head of party operations against South Korea. In an interview with a Japanese newspaper several years ago, South Korea's outgoing President Kim Dae-jung jettisoned decades of South Korean tradition by describing Kim Jong Il as "a pragmatic leader with good judgment and knowledge." According to the Los Angeles Times, a senior South Korean official.
Vendor lock-in - the computer industry to denote the lack of compatibility between different systems which intentionally or unintentionally forces a customer to continue to use products and services from a particular vendor. Open standardization processes are meant to provide a way to reduce the risk of vendor lock-in when creating new standards. One argument for open source software is that it greatly reduces vendor lock-in. Many people accuse Microsoft of intentionally fostering vendor lock-in, and some extend that to all monopolies..
KOffice - Desktop Environment (KDE). All its components have been released under open source licenses. KOffice includes the following components: KWord. A word processor with style sheets and frame-support for DTP-style editing of complex layouts. KSpread. A spreadsheet application with multiple sheet support, templates and more than 100 mathematicalal formulas. KPresenter. A presentation program with image and effect support. Kivio. A programmable flowchart drawing program with dynamically loadable stencils. Developed by theKompany, which offers additional (copyrighted) stencils for sale. Karbon14. A vector drawing application with a variety of drawing and editing tools. Krita (formerly known as Krayon and KImageshop). A bitmap graphics manipulation program, primarily designed as a painting program, with some image processing features. Kugar and KChart. Integrated report and chart generators. KFormula. An integrated mathematical formula editor. Kexi. An integrated environment.
Kongo - the arrival of the Europeans, the Kongo Empire was a highly developed state at the center of an extensive trading network. Apart from natural resources and ivory, the country manufactured and traded copperware, raffia cloth, and pottery. In his travels along the African coast in the 1480s, Portuguese navigator Diogo Cao first encountered stories of a great empire that controlled trade in the region. In 1483, he visited Manikongo Nzinga in his capital, Mbanza, and persuaded the king to open his country to the Portuguese. Catholic missionaries arrived in 1490, and ten years later the Manikongo himself was baptized and assumed the name Afonso. The king also sent his son Afonso to Portugal to be educated, and one of his grandsons later became the first black African bishop in the Catholic.
Korean Buddhism - Buddhism, it still lies, with its deep store of untouched resources, almost fully open for exploration. And while early ignorance regarding the Korean Buddhist tradition lent to some degree of uninformed glossing over from preconceptions drawn from models in Chinese and Japanese Buddhism, scholars of East Asian Buddhism nowadays are generally becoming aware of the important role of Korean Buddhism in the East Asian religious/philosophical sphere. The most distinctive general characteristic that can be seen in the Korean Buddhist tradition is the tendency for its most noted thinkers to be holistic in the interpretation of doctrine and to be exasperatingly thorough in the resolution of doctrinal and "loose ends" passed on from Buddhist predecessors. Korean scholars and monks not only devoted unusually large portions of their time and energy toward the.
J F Archibald - in 1882, and the following year Archibald left for two years in London. When he returned in 1886, the magazine was struggling, and Archibald bought out the other partners. Under Archibald's sole control, and with A G Stephens as his literary editor, The Bulletin became Australia's leading outlet for poets, cartoonists, short-storyists and comic writers. Archibald had no life outside the magazine and devoted his every waking hour to it. It was his decision to open The Bulletin's pages to contributions from readers, and his brand of radical, republican, xenophobic politics that the magazine reflected for the 16 years he controlled its content. In 1902 Archibald's health broke down and resigned the editorship, though retaining overall control. Unable to rest, he launched a new monthly magazine, The Lone Hand. But soon.
Jamaica Linux User Group - Linux User Group (Jalug) is dedicated to the promotion of open source software, in particular Linux, as an alternative to expensive proprietary software. The group currently meets every second Saturday at the Liguanea Cybercentre on the premises of the Liguanea Cybercentre, (located upstairs and behind the Half Way Tree Post Office). See also Jamaica Linux User Group.
Java Servlet - generic servlet requests and responses as well as an HTTP session object that tracks multiple requests and responses between the web server and a client. Servlets may be packaged as a Web application. Moreover, servlets can be generated automatically by Java Server Pages (JSP), or alternately by template engines such as WebMacro. Often servlets are used in conjunction with JSPs in a pattern called "Model 2", which is a flavor of the Model/View/Controller pattern. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Web Containers 1.1 Non-commercial Web Containers 1.2 Commercial Web Containers 1.3 Commercial Open Source Containers 2.
Jakarta Project - Project The Jakarta Project creates and maintains open source solutions in Java. Major contributions by the Jakarta Project include tools, libraries and frameworks such as: Ant - a build tool Maven - a project build tool OJB Slide Struts Tomcat - a JSP/Servlet container Torque Turbine Velocity - a template engine POI - a pure Java port of Microsoft's popular file formats. Jakarta is under the auspices of the Apache Software Foundation..
Jabber - Jabber Jabber is an open, XML-based protocol for instant messaging and presence. Jabber-based software is deployed on thousands of servers across the internet and is used by over a million people worldwide. The project was started in 1998 by Jeremy Miller, and the first major public release of the software occurred in May 2000. The main product is jabberd, a server to which jabber clients connect in order to chat. This server can either create a private Jabber network, for instance behind a firewall, or it can join the global public Jabber network. A key concept of the Jabber system is that of transports, also known as gateways, which allow users to access networks using other protocols - such as AIM, ICQ, MSN / Windows Messenger, or Yahoo!.
Venus Flytrap - it. The leaf then opens, and wind blows (or the rain washes) away the insect's remains. Each leaf can digest only several times, after which it withers and dies. The Venus flytrap may be the source of legends about man-eating plants. The tip of the leaf is divided into two hinged lobes that form a trap. There are many traps on a plant, each on their own individual leaf. The trap is lined with tiny hairs (cilia) that act as the trigger for the trap. The inside of the trap has little red colored glands that attract insects. A hair must be touched twice in rapid succession (to prevent natural things like raindrops from triggering it), whereupon the lobes will expand and shut the trap. This action is very fast, typically.
Jacob Frank - family mourned its martyred dead, awaited aid from Heaven. Some were inclined to see in the Ukraine massacres pre-Messianic sufferings, and in Sabbatai Zevi the promised messiah. Zevi's fall and subsequent conversion to Islam estranged him from most of his followers, but among the more uncultured portion of the Jewish people the belief in the mystic mission of Shabbetai Zevii persisted for a long time. Having lost its political significance, Messianism at the end of the seventeenth century assumed a mystical coloring, and the open popular movement was transformed into a secret sectarian cult. A half-Jewish, half-Islamic sect of Shabbetians was established in Turkey. In Poland, and particularly in Podolia and Galicia, there were formed numerous secret societies of Shabbethaians known among the people as "Shabbethai Zezviists," or "Shebs" (according to.
Jacobin Club - in Paris was concerned -- composed almost entirely of professional men, such as Robespierre, or well-to-do bourgeois, like Santerre. From the first, however, other elements were present. Besides Louis Philippe, duc de Chartres (afterwards king of the French), liberal aristocrats of the type of the due d'Aiguillon, the prince de Broglie, or the vicomte de Noailles, and the bourgeois who formed the mass of the members, the club contained such figures as "Père" Michel Gerard, a peasant proprietor from Tuel-en-Montgermont, in Brittany, whose rough common sense was admired as the oracle of popular wisdom, and whose countryman’s waistcoat and plaited hair were later on to become the model for the Jacobin fashion. The provincial branches were from the first far more democratic, though in these too the leadership was usually in.
Jakarta Tomcat - and is used in development environments where there are no requirements for speed and transaction handling. Since Tomcat is written in Java, it runs on any operating system that has a JVM. Tomcat is being developed and maintained by members of the Apache Software Foundation and independent volunteers. The source code and binary form of Tomcat is free under the Apache Software Licence. Tomcat 4.x is the latest production quality release, and it implements the Servlet 2.4 and JSP 2.0 specifications. As of version 4.x, Jakarta Tomcat uses the Catalina servlet container. Tomcat 5.x is still under development. Following are the details of the directory hierarchy of a Tomcat installation : bin/ - startup, shutdown and other scripts and executables common/ - common classes that can be used by Catalina and.
Jakarta Slide - Jakarta Slide Slide is an open-source content management system from the Jakarta project. It is written in Java and implements the WebDAV protocol. Slide provides a hierarchical organization of storing data. Content is stored within a Domain which includes one or more Namespaces. Each namespace is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI). A namespace contains one or more Stores of information, e.g., a database or a directory tree. A Service is associated with each store and manages the connection to that store. A store contains one or more Scopes. Slide can be used with multiple data sources requiring only small abstraction layers to be written for each repository. Part of content management includes support for security, locking and versioning. The Slide engine is implemented as a JMX Managed.
JAL - Japan's national air carrier, Japan Airlines. 2. An open-source Pascal compiler for PIC microcontrollers..
