Operating system advocacy - Operating system advocacy Operating system advocacy is one of the primary pastimes of those who have a deep and abiding interest in the design, construction and usage of computer operating systems. For these people, the investment necessary -- both in money and time -- to own and operate a computer sometimes creates an emotional investment in the operating system of choice. Such advocacy can induce arguments as people compare and contrast the virtues and faults of different operating systems. These visceral debates most notably include: Windows vs. Mac OS Windows vs. Linux Linux vs. BSD Linux and BSD vs. proprietary UNIX systems. terminology: "Linux" vs. "GNU/Linux" Some wars of the past related to VMS vs. UNIX systems. There are related wars over programming languages and text.
Operating system - Operating system In computing, an operating system (OS) is the system software responsible for the direct control and management of hardware and basic system operations, as well as running applications such as word processing programs and Web browsers. Colloquially, the term is most often used to mean all the software which "comes with" a computer system before any applications are installed. The operating system ensures that other applications are able to use memory, input and output devices and have access to the file system. If multiple applications are running, the operating system schedules these such that all processes have sufficient processor time where possible and do not interfere with each other. At the beginning of 2004, there were essentially two major families of operating system in.
Advocacy - Advocacy Advocacy is an umbrella term for (often unorganized and modest) activism related to a particular agenda. It is more neutral than the related term propaganda. Unlike propaganda, advocacy is expected to be non-deceptive and in good faith. Typical examples of advocacy in the computing world include operating system advocacy and open source advocacy. See also: Lobbyist.
Prostitution - acting (sometimes involving masturbation) without physical contact with the customer; lap dancing, where the dancer may come into contact with the customer in sexually provocative but strictly limited ways; and the services of professional dominants. Street prostitution An example of street prostitution. In street prostitution, the prostitute solicits customers while waiting at street corners or walking alongside a street, usually dressed in skimpy, suggestive clothing. Often the prostitute appears to mind his or her own business and waits for the customer to initiate contact. The act is performed in the customer's car or in a nearby rented room. This is the lowest paid and most dangerous form of prostitution; street prostitutes are often drug addicts and are commonly subjected to violence by both their pimps and customers. Street prostitutes may or.
Microsoft Windows - Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows is a range of operating environments for personal computers. The range was first introduced by Microsoft in 1985 and eventually came to dominate the world personal computer market. All recent versions of Windows are fully-fledged operating systems. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Versions 2 Interface 3 Popularity 4 Security 5 Contemporary Versions 6 Initiatives 7 Versions for particular devices 8 See also 9 Emulation Software 9.1 Related Versions The term Windows is used as a collective term for numerous very different products, falling into four broad categories: 8-bit Operating environments. These simply provided a graphical user interface or desktop, and required a separate operating system to provide essential services, such as disk access, monitoring the keyboard for input, and so on. Examples include GEOS (1980). None of.
List of computing topics - 32-bit -- 320xx microprocessor -- 320xx -- 386BSD -- 386SPART.PAR -- 3Com Corporation -- 3DO -- 3D -- 3GL -- 3NF -- 3Station -- 4.2BSD -- 404 error -- 431A -- 473L Query programming language -- 486SX -- 4GL -- 4NF -- 51forth programming language -- 56 kbps -- 56k line -- 5ESS Switch -- 5NF -- 5th Glove -- 6.001 (MIT) -- 6.001 -- 64-bit -- 680x0 -- 6x86 -- 8-bit clean -- 8.3 (computing) -- 80x86 -- 82430FX -- 82430HX -- 82430MX -- 82430VX -- 8514 (display standard) -- 8514-A -- 88open -- 8N1 -- 8x86 -- 90-90 Rule -- 9PAC A ABC ALGOL -- ABLE -- ABSET -- ABSYS -- Accent programming language -- Acceptance, Test Or Launch Language -- Accessible Computing -- Ada programming language -- Advanced.
Kent Applicative Operating System - Kent Applicative Operating System The Kent Applicative Operating System was a functional operating system concept to utilise dynamic process creation and inter-process communication. The system is based on earlier work by Will R. Stoye. The system allow dynamic creation of functional processes. Processes are stream processors, functions that transform an ingoing stream to an outgoing stream. Process scheduling is based on evaluation on demand. Inter-process communication is by message passing based on Stoye's sorting office concept..
VM (Operating system) - VM (Operating system) VM (originally called CP-67 when it first appeared, later renamed VM/370, VM/390, etc) was an early and influentual virtual machine operating system from IBM, apparently the first true virtual machine system. (Technically, the operating system is called CP, for "Control Program", and the term VM is often shorthand for VM/CMS, a complete package with other software, including CMS.) VM is named for its ability to run software in virtual machines which are isolated from each other; each user has the illusion of using a complete computer and can use their own operating system on this "private" computer. It initially ran on the System 360 and System 370 class mainframe machines, starting with the System 360 Model 67; it is still in wide use on.
History of operating systems - History of operating systems This article is part of the History of computing series. History of computing hardware (before 1960s) History of computing hardware (1960s-present) History of operating systems The history of computer operating systems recapitulates to a degree, the recent history of computing. Operating systems provide a set of functions needed and used by most applications, and provide the necessary linkages to control a computer's hardware. Without an operating system, each program would have to have drivers for your video card, sound card, hard drive, and other peripherals. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Background 2 The mainframe era 3 Minicomputers and the rise of UNIX 4 The personal computer era: Apple, DOS and beyond 5 See also Background Main article: Operating system Early computers lacked any.
Java Desktop System - Java Desktop System JDS Screenshot Sun Java Desktop System is Sun Microsystem's newest operating system, aimed for the low-cost corporate desktop market. Despite the name, it is not a Java-based operating system. It is actually a Suse-based Linux distribution. The goal of JDS is to provide a system familiar to the average computer user with a full suite of office productivity software such as email, calendaring, office suite, a browser and instant messaging. Java Desktop System (JDS) comes with the following out of the box: Java 1.4.2 GNOME 2.2 (using the Blueprint theme) StarOffice 7.0 Mozilla 1.4 Evolution 1.4 MP3 and CD player Java Media Player (uses the Java Media Framework) RealPlayer.
Virtual Memory System - Virtual Memory System The OpenVMS (Open Virtual Memory System) operating system (OS), also known as VMS, is a multiuser, multiprocessing OS that was designed by Digital (now owned by Hewlett-Packard) in conjunction with their 32-bit VAX processor for use in time sharing, batch processing, and transaction processing. OpenVMS also runs on the 64-bit Alpha processor, and an upcoming port has been demonstrated on the Itanium processor. OpenVMS also supports clustering (called VAXcluster or later VMScluster), where multiple systems share processing, job queues, print queues, and disk storage, connected either by specialized hardware or Ethernet. An Ethernet-based cluster is called a LAVC, for local area network VMScluster. OpenVMS supports up to 96 nodes in a single cluster. OpenVMS can be divided into three layers the kernel, made up of.
Journaling file system - Journaling file system A journaling file system is a type of file system that keeps journalled metadata to avoid filesystem errors and corruption. Problems with traditional file systems In the process of writing data to the hard disk, a file system must write out metadata, which is information about the data on the disk, for example, the location of the data or the names of the files. If, while the file system is writing this metadata, the hard disk is interrupted by, for example, a loss of power, the metadata is not completely written out and the filesystem may be in an inconsistent state, in which the description of the data does not fully match the data itself. One approach to fixing this problem is to run a.
InterMezzo (file system) - InterMezzo (file system) InterMezzo is a network file system written for Linux, distributed with a GPL licence. The kernel component has been included in the standard Linux kernel since kernel version 2.4.15. InterMezzo is designed to work with journaling filesystems such as EXT3, JFS, ReiserFS and XFS. An InterMezzo system consists of a server, which holds the master copy of the file system, and one or more clients with a cache of the file system. It works either in a replication mode, in which a client maintains a duplicate of the entire file system, or in an on-demand mode in which the client only requests files that it needs. It is described as a "high availability file system" since a client can continue to operate even if the.
Incompatible Timesharing System - Incompatible Timesharing System ITS, the Incompatible Timesharing System, was another early, revolutionary, and influential MIT time-sharing operating system; it was developed principally by the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT, with some help from Project MAC. It was the system with the first full inter-computer shared file access, the first device-independent graphics terminal output, and numerous other significant advances. Among countless other oddities, its top-level command interpreter was a debugger (DDT) whose commands looked like line noise, and its main editor, TECO, was programmable in a similar-looking gibberish. ITS was developed on the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-6 and PDP-10 mainframe computers. ITS was produced by people who disagreed with the direction taken by Multics; the name was a hack on CTSS. Further Reading Donald E. Eastlake, ITS Reference Manual,.
History of the British railway system - History of the British railway system The British railway system is the oldest in the world. The Development of the Railways, 1825 to 1948 On September 15, 1830, the Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened from Liverpool Road, Manchester, to Edge Hill (later Crown Street), Liverpool. For the first time you could buy a ticket, expect a purpose-built passenger train to turn up at a given time and take you to your destination on track of four feet eight-and-a-half inches (1.435 m) gauge designed for steam locomotives to haul passengers and operated as one system. This was the start of railways as we know them today. Of course, there had been railways in Britain for centuries, mostly primitive wooden tracks with single trucks pulled by hand or by horse. These.
UCSD p-System - UCSD p-System The UCSD p-System or UCSD Pascal System was a portable highly machine independent operating system developed in 1978 by the Institute for Information Systems of the University of California, San Diego to provide all students with a common operating system that could run on any of the then available microcomputers as well as campus PDP-11 minicomputers. p-System started around 1977 as an idea of Prof. Kenneth Bowles at UCSD, who felt that the number of new platforms coming out at the time would make it difficult for new languages to gain acceptance. In particular he was interested in Pascal as a teaching language, which had just been announced. UCSD introduced two features which were tremendous improvements on the original Pascal, variable length strings, and "units".
Geographic information system - Geographic information system A geographic information system (GIS) is a specialized form of an information system. In the strictest sense, it is a computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically-referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations. Practitioners also regard the total GIS as including operating personnel and the data that go into the system. Geographic information systems technology can be used for scientific investigations, resource management and development planning. For example, a GIS might allow emergency planners to easily calculate emergency response times in the event of a natural disaster, or a GIS might be used to find wetlands that need protection from pollution. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Relating information from different sources 2 Data Capture 3 Data integration 4 Projection and.
John Wesley - contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Youth 2 In Oxford and Georgia 3 Conversion; Open-air Preaching 4 Persecutions; Lay Preaching 5 Chapels and Organizations 6 Ordination of Ministers 7 Advocacy of Arminianism 8 Doctrines 9 Personality and Activities 10 Literary Work 11 External Links Youth The Wesleys were of ancient Saxon lineage, the family history being traced backward to the time of Athelstan, when Guy Wesley, or Wellesley, was created a thane. John Wesley was the son of Samuel Wesley, a graduate of Oxford, and a minister of the Church of England, who had married in 1689 Susannah, twenty-fifth child of Dr. Samuel Annesley, and herself became a mother of nineteen; in 1696 he was appointed rector of Epworth, where John, the fifteenth child, was born. He was christened John Benjamin, but never used.
Islam as a political movement - exist in every democracy with a Muslim majority. These often call themselves Islamist, meaning an advocate of Islam itself as a political movement (not "Islamism as a political movement" nor "Islamic fundamentalism as a political movement". This term has many different meanings which this article will explore, along with links to other political trends. The propaganda term Islamofascism is used mostly by non-Muslims to describe the political and religious philosophies of some militant Islamic groups and those of the Islamic parties and political movements that they seek to categorize as moral equivalents to those groups. The term Islamism is so heavily used in advocacy with so many different definitions, that there is no neutral point of view on its use. These terms lump together very different movements that have in common.
Homosexuality and morality - moral. Moral attacks based on linking homosexuality to other behaviors Historically, homosexuality has often been linked in the public mind to other sexual behaviors, such as pedophilia, and even to serial murders. Homosexuality was listed in psychological manuals as one of many sexual disorders, and many attempts were made to treat it. This perception of homosexuality as a disease can in part be explained with psychology's roots in the theories of Sigmund Freud, who believed that early childhood influences determined the later sexual orientation of a person. Researchers concluded that children could be "made gay", deliberately or involuntarily. Most attempts to change sexual orientation failed (with the exception of extreme procedures such as lobotomies or implanted electrodes), and while the question whether homosexuality is genetically predetermined or formed later is not.
