Opioid analgesic - Opioid analgesic An opioid analgesic (also known as a narcotic analgesic) is a drug used in the treatment of pain that acts on specific receptors within the CNS. Drugs in this classification include codeine (a moderately potent analgesic) and morphine (a potent one). natural opium alkaloids morphine opium hydromorphone nicomorphine oxycodone dihydrocodeine diamorphine papaveretum codeine phenylpiperidine derivatives ketobemidone pethidine fentanyl diphenylpropylamine derivatives dextromoramide piritramide dextropropoxyphene bezitramide dextropropoxyphene benzomorphan derivatives pentazocine phenazocine oripvaine derivatives buprenorphine morphinan derivatives butorphanol nalbufine other opioids tilidine tramadol dezocine See also pharmacology This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it..
Endorphin - Endorphin Endorphins are endogenous opioid biochemical compounds (peptides), substances produced by the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus in vertebrates. They resemble the opiates in their abilities to produce analgesia and a sense of well-being. In other words, they work as "natural pain killers". These opoid neuropeptides were first discovered by 1975 John Hughes and Hans Kosterlitz in the brain of a pig. They called their endorphins "enkephalins" (from the Greek egkephalos, "in the head"). Several other types of endorphins were discovered later. The word endorphin itself is abbreviated from "endogenous morphine", which means a morphine produced naturally in the body. The term "endorphin" is used generally to refer to all of the endogenous opioid compounds and implies a pharmacological activity (analogous to the activity of the corticosteroid category of.
Tramadol - Tramadol Tramadol is an analgesic, a synthetic analogue of codeine. It appears to have similar effects to opioids such as morphine, therefore it's also addictive. Although its method of operation is not fully understood it is believed to work in two complementary ways: The parent molecule and the first metabolite can bind to the nervous system opioid receptors, and cause the weak inhibition of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake. The metabolite appears to be the stronger ligand in this. Brand names Tramadol is sold under the following brand names: Nobligan Tiparol Tradolan Tramal Ultram.
Pharmacology - bile acids For the Cardiovascular System ACE inhibitor, cardiac glycoside, phosphodiesterase inhibitor, nitrate, antiarrhythmic, beta-receptor blocker, antianginal, diuretic, antihypertensive, calcium channel blocker, alpha blocker, vasodilator, peripheral activator, anticoagulant, heparin, antiplatelet drug, fibrinolytic, haemostatic drug, hypolipidaemic agent, statin. For the Central Nervous System hypnotic, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, antidepressant (including tricyclic antidepressants), anti-emetic, anticonvulsant and antiepileptic, movement disorder drug, CNS stimulant, barbiturate, benzodiazepine, cyclopyrrolone, dopamine antagonist, antihistamine, anticholinergic, emetic, cannabinoids, 5-HT antagonist, amphetamine, monoamine oxidase inhibitor, lithium salt, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor For Pain analgesic, antipyretic, migraine treatment drug NSAIDs, opioid analgesic For Musculo-Skeletal Disorders NSAIDs, muscle relaxant, neuromuscular drug anticholinesterase, COX-2 inhibitor For Endocrine problems androgen, antiandrogen, gonadotropin, corticosteroid, growth hormone, insulin, antidiabetic, thyroid hormones, antithyroid drugs, calcitonin, diphosponate, vasopressin analogues For the Genito-Urinary System antifungal, alkalising agent, quinolones, antibiotic, cholinergic, anticholinergic, anticholinesterase,.
Opiate - Fully synthetic: Phenylheptylamines: Methadone levomethadyl acetate hydrochloride (LAAM) Phenylpiperidines: Meperidine Fentanyl Alfentanil Sufentanil Remifentanil Veterinary: Etorphine Carfentanyl A high number of opiates are considered to be highly addictive. One exception is loperamide, which cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. See also: opioid analgesic, nootropics. Opiate is an EP by Tool, an American rock band formed in 1989. See Opiate (album) Opiate is also the name of a rock-metal band based in the United Kingdom and signed to Visible Noise records, home of lost prophets. See Opiate (band)..
Analgesic - Analgesic Analgesic is a collective term for any member of the diverse group of drugs used to relieve pain. Analgesic drugs include the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as the salicylates, narcotic drugs such as morphine, and synthetic drugs with narcotic properties such as tramadol. NSAIDs such as aspirin, and ibuprofen not only relieve pain but also reduce fever and inflammation. Narcotic analgesics and the morphine-like synthetic drugs depress the central nervous system and alter the perception of pain (Nociception). They are used to alleviate pain not relieved by the NSAIDs. Analgesics are frequently used in combination, such as the paracetamol and codeine preparations found in many non-prescription pain relievers. They can also be found in combination with vasoconstrictor drugs such as Pseudoephedrine for sinus-related preparations,.
Hydromorphone - relieve moderate to severe pain. It belongs to a category of drugs known as opioid analgesics. It is commonly given to patents who have recently undergone surgery or who have suffered serious injury, and it is given intravenously, intramuscularly, or orally..
Ketamine - in small animal surgery -- particularly to aid in the handling of difficult cats, rabbits, and rats. Ketamine depresses respiratory and circulatory functions less than other anesthetics do. When used in anesthetic doses, it sometimes stimulates the circulatory system rather than depresses it. It is sometimes possible to perform ketamine anesthesia without protective measures to the airways. Ketamine is also a potent analgesic and can be used in sub-anesthetic doses to relieve acute pain; however, its psychotropic properties must be taken into account. There is research going on in its usefulness in pain therapy and for the treatment of alcoholism and heroin addiction. Ketamine is a Schedule III drug in the United States, and is used in many other countries, such as Mexico. Patients sometimes reported going into other worlds or.
Ketoprofen - of [[NSAIDnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] (NSAID) with additional analgesic and anti-pyretic effects. It acts by inhibiting the body's production of prostaglandin. Brand names in the US are Orudis and Oruvail. See also: pharmacology, aspirin..
Ibuprofen - anti-inflammatory medicine used to relieve the pain of arthritis and as an analgesic and antipyretic. It is sold under the trade names of Advil, Motrin and Nuprin. Ibuprofen is used mainly for the relief of headaches. It is also used to combat muscle aches, menstrual pain, aches from various illnesses (including the common cold and influenza), and post-surgical pains. The chemical name of ibuprofen is isobutylphenyl propionic acid and its chemical formula is C13H18O2. It was developed by the research arm of Boots the Chemists. See also: steroids, inflammation, COX..
Infusion pump - then repeat these small infusions at varying timings. Intermittent infusion has a "high" infusion rate, alternating with a low programmable infusion rate to keep the vein open. The timings are programmable. Patient-controlled analgesia is a specialized application for patients in pain. In this mode, the pump will have a continuous programmable infusion mode, establishing a base of pain medication. Usually the minimum continuous rate is the rate to keep a vein open. A button is made available to the patient. Pressing the button causes the pump to release a programmed bolus of analgesic, usually an opiate or fentanyl. There will also be a limit to the number of times that the pump will infuse a bolus each hour. Medically, patients rarely push the button unless they have pain, so doctors should.
Hordes of the Things - half-hour episodes or "Chronicles", originally broadcast on BBC Radio 4 from November 25 to December 16 1980. This was the only uncut broadcast; all subsequent repeats have omitted part of the opening narration from The First Chronicle. The cast includes Patrick Magee as the Chronicler, Simon Callow as the Crown Prince Veganin (named after an analgesic), Frank Middlemass as the wizard Radox the Green (named after a brand of green bath salts), Paul Eddington as the misnamed King Yulfric the Wise III (a virtual reprise of his role as Jim Hacker from Yes, Minister), Maggie Steed as Queen Elfreda, Christian Rodska as the hero Agar son of Athar, and Johnathan Lynn as the dwarf Golin Longshanks. Warning: Wikipedia contains spoilers. The plot such as it is concerns the threat to the.
Hydrocodone - Hydrocodone Hydrocodone is an orally active analgesic and antitussive Schedule II narcotic which is marketed in multi-ingredient Schedule III products. The therapeutic dose of 5-10 mg is pharmacologically equivalent to 60 mg of oral morphine. Sales and production of this drug have increased significantly in recent years, as have diversion and illicit use. Trade names include Anexsia®, Hycodan®, Hycomine®, Lorcet®, Lortab®, Tussionex®, Tylox®, and Vicodin®. These are available as tablets, capsules, and syrups..
Fentanyl - Fentanyl Fentanyl is a narcotic analgesic, first synthesized in Belgium in the late 1950s, with an analgesic potency of about 80 times that of morphine. It was introduced into medical practice in the 1960s as an intravenous anesthetic under the trade name of Sublimaze®. Thereafter, two other fentanyl analogues were introduced; alfentanil (Alfenta®), an ultra-short (5-10 minutes) acting analgesic, and sufentanil (Sufenta®), an exceptionally potent analgesic (5 to 10 times more potent than fentanyl) for use in heart surgery. Today, fentanyls are extensively used for anesthesia and analgesia. Duragesic®, for example, is a fentanyl transdermal patch used in chronic pain management, and Actiq® is a solid formulation of fentanyl citrate on a stick that dissolves slowly in the mouth for transmucosal absorption. Actiq® is intended for opiate-tolerant individuals and.
Drug - a more specific purpose (such as the use of alcohol as a depressant or caffeine as a stimulant) may be. Medicinal drugs (for example, to treat injury or disease). Please see Pharmacology. Recreational drug use - Drugs used in a non-medical manner. Analgesic (painkiller) drugs Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid Acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol or under its trade name Tylenol) Opiates Morphine Heroin Codeine Opiates are also used as recreational drugs. They are addictive. Acetaminophen and other non-opiate painkillers are often used in drug mixes for recreational purposes. Recreational drugs (to alter mood or body function for recreation). Alcohol Nicotine Caffeine Hallucinogens Cannabis MDMA GHB Heroin Cocaine Inhalants dissociative drugs Performance-enhancing drugs (for sport or combat). Amphetamine Ephedrine Cocaine Anabolic steroids Many enhancing drugs are also used for recreational purposes. Table.
Acetaminophen - Acetaminophen The drug acetaminophen or paracetamol is an analgesic (a pain reliever). In North America it is sold in generic form or under a number of trade names: for instance Tylenol (McNeil-PPC, Inc), Anacin-3 and Datril while it is known as Panadol in parts of Asia and Australasia. In some formulations acetaminophen is combined with the opiate codeine. It relieves headaches and other minor aches and pains, and lowers fever. Its chemical formula is C8H9NO2. Compared to other common analgesics such as aspirin and ibuprofen, which belong to a class of drugs known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or NSAIDs, acetaminophen has the advantage of not causing stomach problems, though it doesn't reduce inflammation or act as an anticoagulant. Common dosage is 500mg (up to 1000mg) every 4 hours for adults..
Aspirin - company of Germany for acetylsalicylic acid, a drug in the family of salicylates, often used as an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory. In some countries, the name is used as a generic term for the drug rather than the manufacturer's trademark. At one time aspirin was commonly used to control fever and pain due to flu or the common cold. However because there appears to be a connection between aspirin and Reye's syndrome, aspirin is no longer used to control flu-like symptoms. Low-dose long-term aspirin irreversibly blocks formation of thromboxane A2 in platelets, producing an inhibitory affect on platelet aggregation, i.e. blood thinning property, making it useful for reducing the incidence of heart attacks. Aspirin produced for this purpose often comes in 75 mg dispersible tablets. Its primary undesirable side effects, especially.
Betty Ford - President, at Grace Episcopal Church, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Gerald Ford became President in 1974. Shortly after Betty Ford became First Lady she underwent a mastectomy for breast cancer: she became a spokesman about the importance of early detection. In 1978 her family forced her to confront her own alcoholism and addiction to analgesic drugs and seek treatment. After her recovery, she established the Betty Ford Clinic for the treatment of chemical dependency. The Fords have three sons and one daughter: Michael Gerald Ford (b. 1950) - a minister John Gardner “Jack” Ford (b. 1952) - a journalist and public relations consultant Steven Meigs Ford (b. 1956) - an actor and rodeo rider Susan Elizabeth (Ford) Vance Bales (b. 1957) - a photographer.
Bruce Lee - martial arts. Later he studied Karate, Judo, Jiu jitsu, Wing Chun and other styles of Wushu. His 'made up' styles are still taught to this day. On July 20th 1973, Lee was due to have lunch with former James Bond actor George Lazenby, with whom he intended to make a film. However, Lee never turned up for the lunch, and when Lazenby and Lee's agent went to his hotel room, they found him dead. He was interred in Seattle's Lake View Cemetery. Although there have been a several rumours in concerning the cause of death, the official cause of death was recorded as the result an allergic reaction to an analgesic he took. Although he made only a handful of films and television appearances in his adulthood, Bruce Lee has become.
Salicylic acid - many skin-care products for the treatment of acne. It helps acne by causing skin cells to slough off more readily, preventing pores from clogging up. Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) can be prepared by the esterification of the phenolic hydroxyl group of salicylic acid. It is used in medicine as an analgesic, as an anti-inflammatory agent, and as an antipyretic compound. It is sold under the brand name Aspirin by Bayer AG; see Aspirin for medical information.\n.
