Osman III - Osman III Osman III was the sultan of the Ottoman empire from 1754 to 1757. Preceded by: Mahmud I (1730-1754) Ottoman sultans Succeeded by: Mustafa III (1757-1774).
Selim III - Selim III Selim III (1762-1808), sultan of the Ottoman empire, was a son of Mustafa III and succeeded his uncle Abd-ul-Hamid I in 1789 and ruled till 1807. The talents and energy with which he was endowed had endeared him to the people, and great hopes were founded on his accession. He had associated much with foreigners, and was thoroughly persuaded of the necessity of reforming his state. But Austria and Russia gave him no time for anything but defence, and it was not until the peace of Jassy (1792) that a breathing space was allowed him in Europe, while Bonaparte's invasion of Egypt and Syria soon called for Turkey's strongest efforts and for the time shattered the old-standing French alliance. Selim profited by the respite to.
Ottoman Reform Efforts under Selim III and Mahmoud II - Ottoman Reform Efforts under Selim III and Mahmoud II In 1789, as Europe was seething on the eve of the French Revolution, the morbid giant lying to its east, the Ottoman Empire, was in no mood to contemplate on “the rights of Man” or the “equality among classes”. As a long war with Russia was burning up to its doorsteps, its ruling military and bureaucratic elite were ever more nostalgic of the glorious past of the Empire. Since the heydays of the Ottoman Empire in the 1500’s, Europe had seen rapid technological and economic development, while the Muslim Ottoman elites, out of their disdain for all things “infidel”, were largely oblivious of European advances during the Renaissance and Reformation periods . In contrast, the Ottoman Empire had experienced decline in trade,.
Mustafa III - Mustafa III Mustafa III (January 28, 1717 - January 21, 1774) was the sultan of the Ottoman empire from 1757 to 1774. He was a son of sultan Ahmed III and was succeeded by his brother Abd-ul-Hamid I in 1774. Preceded by: Osman III (1754-1757) Ottoman sultans Succeeded by: Abd-ul-Hamid I (1774-1789) External Links A more detailed profile of him.
Janissary - including the 1453 capture of Constantinople, the defeat of the Egyptian mameluks and wars in Austria. Janissary troops were always led to the battle by the sultan himself, and always had a share of the booty. Janissaries’ reputation increased to the point that by 1683 the sultan Mehmed IV could abolish the devshirmeh. Increasing numbers of originally Muslim Turkish families had already enrolled their own sons into the force. Every governor wanted to have his own janissaries. The Janissary Revolts Janissaries also became aware of their own importance and begun to desire better payment. In 1449 they revolted for the first time, demanding higher wages, which they obtained. After 1451, every new sultan was obligated to pay each janissary a reward and raise his pay rank. Sultan Selim II gave janissaries.
Jacob Frank - and Galicia during the first half of the eighteenth century, when Poland was falling into decay, and the Haidamak movements destroyed security of person and property in many Jewish centers. The resulting decline of the rabbinical schools and of mental activity was on the whole favorable to the growth of mystical doctrines, which among the masses assumed at times the most monstrous forms. Early life of Frank From among these secret circles of the Shabbethaians came the founder of the Frankist sect, Jacob Frank, born in Korolowka (Podolia) about 1726 as Jacob Leibowitz. His father was expelled from the community for belonging to the secret society of Tzeviists, and moved to Chernowitz,Wallachia in 1730, where the influence of the Turkish Shabbetaians was strongly felt. While still a boy at school Frank.
1754 - Events 2 Births 3 Deaths Events Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Mahmud I (1730-1754) to Osman III (1754-1757) Beginning of the French and Indian War in North America. Births February 2 - Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, politician (+ 1838) March 17 - Madame Roland (Manon Jeanne Phlipon) (+ 1793) June 4 - Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach, German Scientific Editor, Astronomer August 23 - King Louis XVI of France October 1 - Emperor Paul I of Russia ? - William Murdoch, inventor Deaths Monarchs/Presidents China - Qianlong Emperor of China, Qing Dynasty (reigned from October 18, 1735 to February 9, 1796) France - Louis XV King of France (reigned from 1715 to 1774) Great Britain - George II King of Great Britain (reigned from June 11, 1727 to.
1757 - Admiral John Byng is executed by firing squad for neglecting his duty. Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Osman III (1754-1757) to Mustafa III (1757-1774) Pantheon built in Paris Ongoing events Seven Years' War (1756-1763) Births January 11 - Alexander Hamilton, first US Secretary of Treasury February 20 - John 'Mad Jack' Fuller, philanthropist and patron of the arts and sciences (+ 1834) June 18 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas, Argentine leader October 9 - King Charles X of France November 18 - William Blake (1757-1827) English poet Deaths March 14 - John Byng, British Admiral July 23 - Domenico Scarlatti, composer Monarchs/Presidents China - Qianlong Emperor of China, Qing Dynasty (reigned from October 18, 1735 to February 9, 1796) France - Louis XV King of France (reigned from.
1837 - in science Births February 5 - Dwight L. Moody, evangelist († 1899) March 1 - William Dean Howells, writer, historian, editor, politician. († 1920) March 18 - Grover Cleveland, President of the United States († 1908) March 23 - Charles Wyndham - English Actor and Theatrical Manager (†1919) May 9 - Adam Opel, German engineer and industrialist (†1895) June 22 - Paul Morphy, American chess player († 1884) August 24 - Théodore Dubois, composer and teacher († 1924) October 11 - Joseph Burton Sumner, later founder and first mayor of Sumner, Mississippi, USA. (†1920) November 14 - Lucas Barrett, English naturalist († 1862) December 26 - George Dewey, naval officer (†1917) Osman Pasha - Turkish General & Statesman (†1900) Deaths January 20 - John Soane, British architect.
Andronicus II - to resist the exacting demands of the rival powers of Venice and Genoa. During his reign the Ottoman Turks under Osman conquered nearly the whole of Bithynia; and to resist them the emperor called in the aid of Roger de Flor, who commanded a body of Aragonese and Catalan adventurers known as Almogavares. The Turks were defeated, but Roger was found to be nearly as formidable an enemy to the imperial power. He was assassinated by Andronicus's son and colleague, the emperor Michael IX, in 1305. His adventurers (known as the Catalan Grand Company or Companyia Catalana in Catalan) declared war upon Andronicus, and, after devastating Thrace and Macedonia, conquered the Duchy of Athens and Thebes. From 1320 onwards the emperor was engaged in war with his grandson Andronicus. He abdicated.
Charles I of Hungary - his enthronment as King of Hungary in 1309, Charles claimed the Hungarian crown as the great-grandson of King Stephen V of Hungary and under the banner of the Pope. Travelling in August 1300 from Naples to Dalmatia, he was crowned at Esztergom after the death in 1301 of the last Arpad king Andrew III of Hungary but was forced in the same year to surrender the crown to Wenceslaus II of Bohemia. His failure only made Pope Boniface VIII still more zealous on his behalf, and support from his Hungarian adherents was observed at the Diet of Bratislava in 1304. In the meantime Wenceslaus transferred his rights to Duke Otto III of Bavaria in 1305, who in his turn was taken prisoner by the Hungarian rebels. He was enthroned at Buda.
Selim II - 1570 the ambassadors of Ivan the Terrible concluded at Constantinople a treaty which restored friendly relations between the sultan and the tsar. Expeditions in the Hejaz and Yemen were more successful, and the conquest of Cyprus in 1571, which provided Selim with his favourite vintage, led to the calamitous naval defeat of Lepanto in the same year, the moral importance of which has often been under-estimated, and which at least freed the Mediterranean from the corsairs by whom it was infested. Turkey's shattered fleets were soon restored, and Sokolli was preparing for a fresh attack on Venice, when the sultan's death cut short his plans. Little can be said of this degenerate son of Suleiman, who during the eight years of his reign never girded on the sword of Osman, and.
Promethea - series under the same name created by Alan Moore and J.H. Williams III published by Wildstorm and Americas Best Comics imprint. Warning: Wikipedia contains spoilers Promethea is a young girl whose father is killed by a Christian mob in Alexandria in 411. She is taken in hand by the twin gods Thoth and Hermes who tell her that if she goes with them into the Immateria - a plane of existence home to the imagination - she will now longer be just a little girl but a story living eternally. "Promethea" then is manifested in a series of avatars over the 19th and 20th centuries, culminating in the involvement of the lead character, Sophie Bangs. Issues dealt with in this series include Tarot and Kabbalah, and the comic is laden with.
Mahmud I - was the sultan of the Ottoman empire from 1730 to 1754. Preceded by: Ahmed III (1703-1730) Ottoman sultans Succeeded by: Osman III (1754-1757).
List of painters - Dyck, (1599-1641), painter Victor Vasarely (1908-1997) Marie Vassilieff (1884-1957) Philipp Veit (1793—1877) Diego Velazquez, (1599-1660), Spanish painter Henry van de Velde (1863 - ?) Willem van de Velde the Elder (1611-1693) Willem van de Velde the Younger (1633-1707) Raja Ravi Varma,(1848-1906), Indian painter from Kerala Johannes Vermeer (1632-1675) Horace Vernet, (1789-1863), painter and graphic artist Veronese, Italian painter Paolo Veronese, (1528-1588), Italian painter Andrea del Verrocchio, (c.1435-1488), Italian sculptor, painter Joseph-Marie Vien, (1716-1809) Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun, (1755-1842) Jacques Villon, (1875-1963), French painter Ivan Yakovlevich Vishnyakov, (1699-1761) Maurice de Vlaminck (1876-1958) Simon de Vlieger (1601-1653) Zygmunt Vogel, Polish painter Wolf Vostell (1932-1998) Simon Vouet (1590-1649) Sebasdtian Vrancx (1573-1647) Cornelisz Vroom (1600-1661) Edouard Vuillard (1868-1940) W Raymond Waddey Edward Wadsworth (1889-1949) Zygmunt Waliszewski, Polish painter Laura Wheeler Waring (1887-1948) Alfred Wallis (1855-1942) Jacek Waltos,.
List of occultists - important in occultism Plato, philosopher important in occultism Jesus Christ, miracle worker Vergil, subjected to magical legends Simon Magus, magician mentioned in New Testament Apuleius, author of a magical novel Apollonius of Tyana, wizard Plotinus, philosopher important in occultism Iamblichus, philosopher of gnosticism Julian, practiced occult theurgy Mediæval Europe: Merlin, Arthurian wizard Gilles de Rais, sorcerer and serial killer Roger Bacon, philosopher accused of magic Albertus Magnus, had many magical texts attributed to him Joan of Arc, accused of witchcraft and heresy Nicholas Flamel, alchemist Pope Silvester II, alleged magician Pope Honorius III, had magical texts attributed to him Ramon Llull, syncretic mystic Abraham Abulafia, kabalist "messiah" Renaissance: Paracelsus, medical pioneer and occult philosopher Nostradamus, soothsayer Giordano Bruno, occult philosopher Faust, made a pact with the Devil Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, occult.
List of people by name: Op-Oz - (1916-2002), athlete Osgood, Charles, (born 1933), journalist, commentator Osgood, Chris, hockey player Osgood, Peter, (born 1947), English football player O' Shane, Tjandamurra (born 1962) aborigene who was a crime victim O'Shea, Kitty, mistress Oshima, Nagisa, Japanese film director Oslak, Vinko, (born 1947), poet Osler, William, (1849-1919) Osman II, (died 1622), Turkish sultan Osmena, Sergio, president of Philippines Osment, Haley Joel, (born 1988), actor Osmond, Donny, (born 1957), entertainer Osmond, Marie, (born 1959), singer, actress, television host Osojnik, Iztok, (born 1951), poet Ospitone Ossietzky, Carl von, (1889-1938), journalist and pacifist Ossman, Vess, (1868-1923), musician Ostade, Adriaen van, (1610-1685), painter Ostanek, Walter, musician Ostashek, John Ostermaier, Albert, dramatist, author Osti, Josip, (born 1945), poet Ostir, Karel, (1888-1973), linguist Ostrogradsky, Mikhail Vasilievich, (1801-1862), mathematician Ostwald, Wilhelm, (1853-1932), chemist O'Sullivan, Gilbert, (born 1946), singer O'Sullivan,.
List of Byzantine Empire-related topics - A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T -U - V - W - X - Y - Z A Aachen Cathedral, Acacius of Constantinople, Academy, Aegean Sea, Aelia Eudoxia, Aelia Flacilla, Alans, Albania in the Middle Ages, Alexander III, Alexius I Comnenus, Alexius II, Alexius III, Alexius IV, Alexius Studites, Alexius V, Alp Arslan, Amalric I of Jerusalem, Ammonius Hermiae, Anastasius I, Anastasius II, Anatolia, Anatolius of Constantinople, Andronicus I, Andronicus II, Andronicus III, Andronicus IV, Anicius Manlius Severinus Boëthius, Ankara, Anna Comnena, Anno Domini, Anthemius, Anthimus I of Constantinople, Antioch, Antony I of Constantinople, Antony IV of Constantinople,.
List of Ottoman Sultans - following were the sultans of the Ottoman Empire (the Osmanli dynasty): Osman I (1299-1326) Orhan I (1326-1359) Murad I (1359-1389) Beyazid I (1389-1402) Mehmed I (1403-1421) Murad II (1421-1451) Mehmed II (the Conqueror) (1451-1481) Beyazid II (1481-1512) Selim I (1512-1520) Suleiman I (the Magnificient) (1520-1566) Selim II (1566-1574) Murat III (1574-1595) Mehmed III (1595-1603) Ahmed I (1603-1617) Mustafa I (1617-1618) Osman II (1618-1622) Mustafa I (1622-1623) Murat IV (1623-1640) Ibrahim I (1640-1648) Mehmed IV (1648-1687) Suleiman II (1687-1691) Ahmed II (1691-1695) Mustafa II (1695-1703) Ahmed III (1703-1730) Mahmud I (1730-1754) Osman III (1754-1757) Mustafa III (1757-1774) Abd-ul-Hamid I (1774-1789) Selim III (1789-1807) Mustafa IV (1807-1808) Mahmud II (1808-1839) Abd-ul-Mejid (1839-1861) Abd-ul-Aziz (1861-1876) Murat V (1876) Abd-ul-Hamid II (1876-1909) Mehmed V (Resad) (1909-1918) Mehmed VI (Vahdettin) (1918-1922) Abdul Mejid II, as Caliph.
Kenneth III of Scotland - Kenneth III of Scotland Kenneth III of Scotland was king of Scotland from 997 to 1005. He was the son of King Dubh, fourth cousin of the previous king Constantine III, and first cousin of his successor Malcolm II. Kenneth was the last king of Scotland to succeed to the throne through the system of tanistry, whereby the succession was shared between two family lines and the dying king named the person from the other family line who was to succeed him. The system was much discredited as it ensured the two royal families of Scotland were in a constant state of war with each other. Kenneth and his son Giric were both killed in battle at Monzievaird, Tayside in 1005. It was his first cousin Malcolm,.
