Outer Mongolia - Outer Mongolia Outer Mongolia was a political division of Mongolia during the Qing Dynasty, as opposed to Inner Mongolia. It consisted of the following four provinces (ayimagh). Chechen Khan Ayimagh (Tsetsen Han Aymag) Töshiyetü Khan Ayimagh (Tösheet Han Aymag) Sayin Noyan Ayimagh (Sayn Noyon Aymag) Jasaghtu Khan Ayimagh (Jasagt Han Aymag) (ordered from east to west) Jebtsundamba Khutughtu was the spiritual leader of Outer Mongolia. See also: Altan Khan of the Khalkha.
Inner Mongolia - Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia (In Mongolian: öbür mongghul) is a region of the People's Republic of China which currently consists of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with capital Hohhot. Inner Mongolia is contrasted with Outer Mongolia, which consists of the independent nation of Mongolia. Inner/Outer reflects sinocentric view, derived from Manchu dorgi/tulergi. Mongolean people use North/South (aru/öbür) instead. Some Mongolian call it Southern Mongolia in English too. 内蒙古自治区 Province Abbreviation(s): 内蒙 Capital Hohhot Area - Total - % water Ranked 3rd 1,100,000 km² xx% Population - Total (2000) - Density Ranked 23rh 23,760,000 22/km² Administration Type Autonomous Region Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Geography 3 Economy 4 Demographics 5 Culture 6 Tourism 7 Miscellaneous topics 7.1 Colleges and universities 8.
History of Mongolia - History of Mongolia Mongols before Chinggis Khan Mongol Empire Chagatai Khanate Golden Horde Ilkhanate Yuan Dynasty Northern Yuan Oyirad Jüün Ghar Empire Qing Dynasty Modern History Independent Mongolia Inner Mongolia Buryat Republic Kalmykia In 1206 AD, a single Mongolian state was formed based on nomadic tribal groupings under the leadership of Chinghis Khan (see Genghis Khan). He and his immediate successors conquered nearly all of Asia and European Russia and sent armies as far as central Europe and Southeast Asia. Genghis Khan's grandson Kublai Khan, who conquered China and established the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368 AD), gained fame in Europe through the writings of Marco Polo. Although Mongol-led confederations sometimes exercised wide political power over their conquered territories, their strength declined rapidly after the Mongol dynasty in China.
History of Mongolia (country) - History of Mongolia (country) This article is part of the History of Mongolia series. Mongols before Chinggis Khan Mongol Empire Chagatai Khanate Golden Horde Ilkhanate Yuan Dynasty Northern Yuan Oyirad Jüün Ghar Empire Qing Dynasty Modern History Independent Mongolia Inner Mongolia Buryat Republic Kalmykia Outer Mongolia was a Manchu outerland (1691-1911), an autonomous state under Russian protection (1912-1919), and again a Chinese province (1919-1921). As Manchu authority in China waned, and as Russia and Japan confronted each other, Russia gave arms and diplomatic support to nationalists among the Mongol religious leaders and nobles. The Mongols accepted Russian aid and proclaimed their independence of Chinese rule in 1911, shortly after a successful Chinese revolt against the Manchus. By agreements signed in 1913 and 1915, the Russian Government forced.
Timeline of Mongolian history - Timeline of Mongolian history 1911: Mongolia declares independence under Bogd haan. 1913: Mongolia signs a treaty with Tibet. March 13, 1921: Provisional People's Government declares independence of Mongolia. May 31, 1924: U.S.S.R signs agreement with Peking government, referring to Outer Mongolia as an "integral part of the Republic of China," whose "sovereignty" therein the Soviet Union promises to respect. May-September 16, 1939: Large scale fighting takes place between Japanese and Soviet-Mongolian forces along Khalkhyn Gol on Mongolia-Manchuria border, ending in defeat of the Japanese expeditionary force. Truce negotiated between U.S.S.R. and Japan. October 6, 1949: Newly established People's Republic of China accepts recognition accorded Mongolia and agrees to establish diplomatic relations. October 1961: Mongolia becomes a member of the United Nations. January 27, 1987: Diplomatic relations established with the United.
Politics of Mongolia - Politics of Mongolia Until 1990, the Mongoliann Government was modeled on the Soviet system; only the communism party--the MPRP--officially was permitted to function. After some instability during the first two decades of communist rule in Mongolia, there was no significant popular unrest until December 1989. Collectivization of animal husbandry, introduction of agriculture, and the extension of fixed abodes were all carried out without perceptible popular opposition. The birth of perestroika in the former Soviet Union and the democracy movement in eastern Europe were mirrored in Mongolia. The dramatic shift toward reform started in early 1990 when the first organized opposition group, the Mongolian Democratic Union, appeared. In the face of extended street protests in subzero weather and popular demands for faster reform, the politburo of the MPRP.
Mongolia (region) - Mongolia (region) Mongolia is a region of East and Central Asia comprising the independent state of Mongolia, People's Republic of China-controlled Inner Mongolia and other small regions, inhabited by the Mongols. In the narrow sense, Mongolia refers to the state of Mongolia in the north, which consists of Outer Mongolia and Hovd. Note: this article is about the region. For the country of Mongolia, see Mongolia (country). Administrative districts of Mongolia during the Qing Dynasty The distrists of the Mongols during the late Qing Dynasty. This list is mainly based on Menggu youmuji (蒙古遊牧記). Regions under the direct control Chakhar Guihua Tümed Külün Buyir (Barghu) Inner Mongolia Jirim League Khorchin Ghorlus Dörbed Jalayid Josutu League Kharachin Tümed Juu Uda League Aokhan Naiman Baarin Jarud Aru Khorchin.
List of Mongolia-related topics - List of Mongolia-related topics 1 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Misc A Aimak - Airag - Altai - Altaic languages - Altan Khan - Altan Khan of the Khalkha - Amur B Banner system - Battle of Juun Modu - Batu Khan - Bulganbaatar - Buryat Republic - Buyant Ukha Airport C Catopsbaatar - Central Asia - Chahar (province) - Chakhar - Chukchis - Chulsanbaatar - Communications in Mongolia - Cyrillic alphabet D Darhan - Daur - Dayan Khan - Demchugdongrub - Demographics of Mongolia - Dongxiang - Dorje E Economy of Mongolia - Erdenet F Foreign relations of Mongolia G Galdan - Genghis Khan -.
History of the Republic of China - the strongest regional military leader at the time. To prevent civil war and possible foreign intervention from undermining the infant republic, Sun agreed to Yuan's demand that China be united under a Beijing government headed by Yuan. On February 12, 1912, the last Manchu emperor, the child Puyi, abdicated. On March 10, in Beijing, Yuan Shikai was sworn in as the second provisional president of the Republic of China. Emperor Yuan Shikai The republic that Sun Yat-sen and his associates envisioned evolved slowly. The revolutionists lacked an army, and the power of Yuan Shikai began to outstrip that of parliament. Yuan revised the constitution at will and became dictatorial. In August 1912 the Kuomintang (KMT, Nationalist Party) was founded by Sung Chiao-jen, one of Sun's associates. It was an amalgamation of.
Geography of China - comparative: slightly smaller than the US. China is the world's fourth-largest country (after Russia, Canada, and US) Figures for the size of China differ slightly depending on where one draws a number of ill-defined boundaries. The official figure by the People's Republic of China is 9.6 million square kilometers, making the country slightly smaller than Canada, and somewhat larger than the United States. The Republic of China puts this figure at 11 million square kilometers, accounting for outer Mongolia. China's contour is reasonably comparable to that of the United States and lies largely at the same latitudes. Border countries Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea 1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Mongolia 4,673 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan.
Earth - 1.2 Interior 1.3 The Core 1.4 Mantle 1.5 Crust 1.6 Biosphere 1.7 Atmosphere 1.8 Hydrosphere 2 Earth in the Solar System 2.9 The Moon 3 Geography 4 Climate 5 Terrain 6 Natural resources 7 Land use 8 Natural hazards 9 Environment - current issues 10 Human population 11 Government 12 See also 13 Reference Physical characteristics Structure The interior of Earth, like that of the other terrestrial planets, is chemically divided into an outer siliceous solid crust, a highly viscous mantle, an outer core that is less viscous than the mantle, and an inner core. The planet is big enough to have the core differentiated into an liquid outer core, which gives rise to a weak magnetic field due to the convection of its electrically conductive material, and a solid inner.
Tatary - Turkestan subdivided into Russian Turkestan comprising Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kirghizia (Turkish speaking) and Tajikistan (Persian speaking) and Chinese Turkestan comprising Sinkiang or Xinjiang (Turkish speaking) and Dzungaria (Mongol speaking) Mongolia comprising Tuva or North Mongolia (Turkish speaking) Outer Mongolia (Mongol speaking) Inner Mongolia (Mongol and Chinese speaking) Manchuria comprising Outer Manchuria (Russian speaking) Inner Manchuria (Chinese speaking) Russian Turkestan was known as 'Independent' Tatary and Chinese Turkestan, Mongolia and Manchuria were together known as Chinese Tatary. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Russia annexed independent Tatary, North Mongolia and Outer Manchuria. China has retained Chinese Turkestan, inner Mongolia and inner Manchuria. See also: Tartary.
Throat singing - world as overtone singing, harmonic singing, or harmonic chant and in Mongolia and Outer Mongolia as khöömei, is a type of singing that manipulates the harmonic resonances created as air travels through the human vocal folds and out the lips. The harmonic frequencies created by the human vocal apparatus are harnessed in throat singing to select overtones by tuning the resonance in the mouth. The result of tuning allows the singer to create more than one pitch at the same time, with the capability of creating six pitches at once. Generally the sounds created by throat singing are low droning hums and high pitched flutelike melodies. Some styles of throat singing may be likened to a Theremin. Demographics of Throat Singing Tuva, Mongolia, Outer Mongolia - The history of throat singing,.
China proper - term which refers to China excluding the frontier regions of Outer China (Inner Asia): Xinjiang, Tibet, Manchuria, and Inner Mongolia. Outer Chinese regions were formerly dependencies of the Qing Empire based in China proper. China proper is bounded north by Mongolia, west by Tibet and Kyrgyzstan, southwest by Burma, south by Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and the Gulf of Tonkin, southeast by the South China Sea, east by the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea and Manchuria. Its area is approximately 1,500,000 km². Since Qing Dynasty, China proper, also known as the Eighteen Provinces (一十八行省 Pinyin: Shiba Xingsheng, or 十八省 Shiba Sheng), consist of: Zhili (now Hebei): capital-province Henan Shandong Shanxi Shaanxi Gansu Hubei Hunan Guangdong Guangxi Sichuan Yunnan Guizhou Jiangsu Jiangxi Zhejiang Fujian Anhui For every province, there is.
Republic of China - Min Guo) Since the founding of the People's Republic of China on the mainland, the Political status of Taiwan has been a controversial issue. After losing control over Mainland China, the ruling Kuomintang authorities actively claimed sovereignty over mainland China (including Tibet) and outer Mongolia. In 1991, President Lee Teng-hui stated that the government will no longer challenge communist rule on the mainland. The current administration of President Chen Shui-bian has left the issue of sovereignty deliberately ambiguous. Although the government has stopped mentioning Mainland China and its websites feature maps and pictures of Taiwan, the National Assembly has not formally renounced the ROC's jurisdiction over mainland China and outer Mongolia, as this would be seen as a precursor to Taiwan independence. 中華民國 JhongHuá MínGuó (In Detail) National motto: None Official.
Qing Dynasty - scope; the survival of much of China's ancient literature is attributed to these projects. Ever suspicious of Han Chinese, the Qing rulers put into effect measures aimed at preventing the absorption of the Manchus into the dominant Han Chinese population. Han Chinese were prohibited from migrating into the Manchu homeland, and Manchus were forbidden to engage in trade or manual labor. Intermarriage between the two groups was forbidden. In many government positions a system of dual appointments was used--the Chinese appointee was required to do the substantive work and the Manchu to ensure Han loyalty to Qing rule. The Qing regime was determined to protect itself not only from internal rebellion but also from foreign invasion. After China Proper had been subdued, the Manchus conquered Outer Mongolia in the late 17th.
Politics of Taiwan - the fall of Mainland China and outlined an government for all of China. Significantly amendments were made to the Constitution in 1991, and there have been a number of judicial interpretations made to take into account the fact that the Constitution covers a much smaller area than originally envisioned. Until 1991, the government in Taipei claimed to be the sole legitimate government of all of China, including the mainland, Tibet, and outer Mongolia. In keeping with that claim, when the nationalists fled to Taipei in 1949, they re-established the full array of central political bodies, which had existed on the mainland in Nanjing. While much of this structure remains in place, the President Lee Teng-hui in 1991 unofficially abandoned the government's claim of sovereignty over mainland China, stating that they do.
Political divisions of China - enjoying a high degree of autonomy under the One country, two systems arrangement, and come directly under the central government. They are divided into only districts. Special administrative regions were provided for in the Constitution in 1982, but was only established in 1997 and 1999 in Hong Kong and Macao respectively when China resumes its exercise of sovereignty in these regions. Autonomous regions have provincial status as well. ---------------------------------------------------- 2 Prefecture level (地级) Some provinces are composed entirely of: Prefecture-level cities: Some provinces them Some provinces and all provinces and all autonomous regions have, in addition: Prefectures (地区 "region") and autonomous prefectures (自治州) Provincial cities and sub-provincial cities belong to provinces as well. Despite their English names, sub-provincial cities actually have more autonomy than provincial cities. Only Inner Mongolia has leagues..
Political divisions of the Republic of China - County (Quemoy) part of Lianjiang County, namely Matsu Kaohsiung Taipei Additionally, the ROC has not officially renounced sovereignty over Mainland China (including Tibet) and outer Mongolia, although in 1991 it stated that it does not challenge the PRC's right to rule those areas, and it has made some statements that can be interpreted as renouncing sovereignty over the Mainland, and most observers feel that the ruling Democratic Progressive Party would very much prefer to officially renounce such sovereignty. This extremely ambigious situation results in large part because a formal renouncement of sovereignty over the Mainland could be taken as a declaration of Taiwan independence which would be unpopular among some circles on Taiwan and could likely bring about military action by the PRC. See Political status of Taiwan for more information..
May 31 - Pennsylvania 1902 - Second Boer War: The last Afrikaner resistance forces sign a peace treaty with the British at Pretoria, ending the war, and ensuring British control of South Africa. 1910 - Creation of the Union of South Africa 1913 - The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, authorizing direct election of United States Senators, is declared ratified 1916 - World War I: The Battle of Jutland 1924 - The U.S.S.R signs an agreement with the Peking government, referring to Outer Mongolia as an "integral part of the Republic of China," whose "sovereignty" therein the Soviet Union promises to respect 1942 - The Luftwaffe bombs Coventry, England 1952 - Dwight D. Eisenhower retires from active service 1961 - Creation of the Republic of South Africa 1962 The West Indies Federation.
