Pannonia - Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. Its original inhabitants were the Pannonii (sometimes called Paeonii by the Greekss). From the 4th century BC it was invaded by various Celtic tribes. Little is heard of Pannonia until 35 BC, when its inhabitants, allies of the Dalmatians, were attacked by Augustus, who conquered and occupied Siscia (Sisak). The country was not, however, definitely subdued until 9 BC, when it was incorporated with Illyria, the frontier of which was thus extended as far as the Danube. In A.D. 7 the Pannonians, with the Dalmatians and other Illyrian tribes, revolted, and were overcome by Tiberius and Germanicus, after a.
Pannonian plain - Serbia and Montenegro. Large areas of the plain that do not necessarily correspond to national borders include Baranya/Baranja, Vojvodina, Bačka, Banat, Mačva, Srem/Srijem, Slavonija, Transylvania. See also Pannonia.
Vespasian - the Eastern provinces claimed that from Judaea would come the future rulers of the world. Vespasian eventually believed that this procphecy applied to him, and found a number of omens and oracles and portents that reinforced this belief. He also found encouragement in Licinius Mucianus, the governor of Syria; and although a strict disciplinarian, and reformer of abuses, Vespasian had a soldiery thoroughly devoted to him. All eyes in the East were now upon him; Mucianus and the Syrian legions were eager to support him; and while he was at Caesarea, he was proclaimed emperor (July 1, 69), first by the army in Egypt, and then by his troops in Judaea (July 11). Nevertheless, Vitellius, the occupant of the throne, had on his side the veteran legions of Gaul and the.
Kubrat - in 1912. After Kubrat's death, Bezmer (also called Bezmes Bayan and Batbayan) inherited his rule, but soon other "sons" led factions of the once great empire in secession. The first, called Kotrag after the tribes he led, moved up the Volga to found the state of Great Bulgaria. Then Ultzindur or Balkor led a rebel Kuber tribe into Pannonia only to break away and move south. Atilkese, moved southwest from Ukraine with his horde to join these Bulgars south of the Danube and eventually founded the state of Bulgaria there. Emnetzur, who was based in Pannonia sought refuge from the ensuing chaos for his Altsikurs in the west with the Lombards. Preceded by: Benzmer List of Bulgarian monarchs Succeeded by: Tervel.
Jerome - the official biblical text of the Roman Catholic Church. He is recognized by the Vatican as a Doctor of the Church. He was born at Stridon, on the border between Pannonia and Dalmatia, in the second quarter of the fourth century, and died near Bethlehem Sept. 30, 420. Jerome is a name shared across the European languages in remarkably unintuitive forms: Hieronymus (Latin) = Jerome (English, and with diacritical marks, French) = Girolamo (Italian) = Geronimo (Spanish) Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Life 2 Writings 2.1 Translations 2.2 Historical Writings 2.3 Letters 2.4 Theological Writings 3 Theological Position Life Jerome was born to Christian parents, but was not baptized until about 360, when he had gone to Rome with his friend Bonosus to pursue his rhetorical and philosophic studies. Here he.
Visigoth - Balthi Dynasty 2.2 Later Kings 3 See Also History The Visigoths first appeared in history as a distinct people in the year 268, when they invaded the Roman Empire and swarmed over the Balkan peninsula. This invasion overran the Roman provinces of Pannonia and Illyricum and even threatened Italia itself. However, the Visigoths were defeated in battle near the modern Italy-Slovenia border that summer, and then routed in the Battle of Naissus that September. Over the next three years, they were driven back over the Danube River in a series of campaigns by the emperors Claudius II Gothicus and Aurelian. However, they maintained their hold on the Roman province of Dacia, which Aurelian evacuated in 271. Settled in Dacia, the Visigoths adopted Arianism, a branch of Christianity that believed that Jesus.
Völkerwanderung - resulted in putting Germanic peoples in control of the societies of the former Western Roman Empire. See also: Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Burgundians, Langobards, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Suebi, Alamanni. The second phase, between 500 and 900, saw Slavic, Turkish and other peoples on the move, re-settling Eastern Europe and gradually making it predominately Slavic. See also: Avars, Huns, Arabs, Vikings, Varangians. The last phase of the migrations saw the coming of the Hungarianss to Pannonia. Other migrations that happened later in the history of Europe generally did not give rise to new states (except for Turkey, for example) and comprised mainly temporary invasions..
Herennius Etruscus - with his father Trajan Decius. Emperor Hostilian was his younger brother. Herennius was born in Pannonia, during one of his father's military postings. His mother was Herennia Cupressenia Etruscilla, a Roman lady of an important senatorial family. Herennius was very close to his father and accompanied him in 248, as a military tribune, when Decius was appointed by Philip the Arab to deal with the revolt of Pacatianus in the Danube frontier. Decius was successful on defeating this usurper and felt confident to begin a rebellion of his own in the following year. Acclaimed emperor by his own troops, Decius marched into Italy and defeated Philip near modern Verona. In Rome, Herennius was declared heir to the throne and received the title of princeps iuventutis (prince of youth). From the beginning.
History of Bosnia and Herzegovina - In the year 168 BC the land of Illyres became the Roman Province of Illyria. In year 10, following a four-year rebellion of Illyres, Illyria was divided and a thin northern strip of today's Bosnia became part of the new province Pannonia, while the rest of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina became part of Dalmatia. Both of the provinces were later included in the Western Roman Empire (following events from the years 337 and 395 when the Empire split). The Romans lost control of Dalmatia in 455 to the Ostrogoths, and the area was inhabited by Slavs in the 7th century. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Middle Ages 2 Ottoman era 3 19th and 20th century 4.
History of Vlachs - the first written record of their name and their language appears on a Byzantine chronicle about an incursion against the Avars in Eastern Balkans. When the baggage of a mule slips, the muleteer shouts "Torna, torna, frater" (Return, return, brother!), although it might just be the last appearance of Latin. In the 7th century, in the Acts of Saint Demetrius, it is related how the Avar Khan deported from Illyricum to Smirnium, in Pannonia 270,000 people "that followed the Roman tradition" and they might be the ancestors of Romanians. In the 10th century, the Hungarians arrive in the Pannonian plain and according to the anonymous chancellor of King Bella III of Hungary the plain was inhabited by Slavs, Bulgars, Vlachs and "pastores Romanorum" (Roman shepherds), although this late writing (1146) might.
History of the Slovak language - this territory 863: The brothers Constantine (Cyril) and Methodius arrive in Great Moravia. The Macedonian Slavic dialect from the region of Thessalonike (also called Old Church Slavonic) becomes the administrative, literary and liturgical language, and the Glagolitic alphabet the corresponding script, in Great Moravia till 885. Latin continues to be used parallely. Some of the early Old Church Slavonic texts contain elements of the language of the Slavic inhabitants of Great Moravia and Pannonia (which were called Sloviene by Slavic texts at that time). Also, the Glagolitic alphabet, which was invented by Constantine specifically for his mission to Great Moravia, contains the letter g = 8 corresponding to dz, which only existed in Great Moravia at that time (today still in the Slovak language; later also in Poland and temporarily in.
Uar - Varkhon or Varkunites (Ouarkhonitai) by Menander perhaps inspired by the name of the God Vulcan. They settled Europe in the Balkans and Pannonia. They are supposed to have united around 460 under the rule of one of the 5 Yuezhi families - the Hephthal. Simokattes's term Uar (also sometimes written War or Var) is quite reminicient of the Hephthalite's self designation Hua according to the Chinese classic Liang chih-kung-t'u and are identified as the "true" Avars of the east and the true political force behind what he calls the "pseudo" Avars who eventually settled down in Transylvania. According to Theophylaktos Simokattes though the White Huns were initially composed of two nations: the Uar and the Hion tribes, they were also joined near the end of the 6th century by the Zabender,.
Gallienus - to make sure that he was regularly represented as victorius, merciful, and pious. The people who used these coins on a daily basis saw these messages and, with little evidence to the contrary, remained supportive of their Emperor. See Numismatics. There were, however, those who knew better. During Gallienus' reign, there was constant fighting on the western fringes of the Empire. As early as 258, Gallienus had lost control over a large part of Gaul, where another general, Postumus, had declared his own empire (typically known today as the Gallic Empire). As Gallienus' influence waned, another general came to the fore. In time-honored tradition, Claudius II Gothicus gained the loyalty of his army and succeeded Gallienus to the Imperium. In the months leading up to his mysterious death in September of.
Germanicus - his grandfather in law, who, for some time, considered him as heir to the Empire. In AD 4, he finally decided in favor of Tiberius, his stepson, but compelled him to adopt Germanicus as a son and name his heir. Germanicus assumed several military commands leading the army in the campaigns in Pannonia and Dalmatia. He is recorded to be an excellent soldier and inspired leader, loved by the legions. In the year 12 he was appointed consul after five mandates as quaestor. After the death of Augustus in 14, the Senate appointed Germanicus commander of the forces in Germania. A short time after, the legions rioted on the news that the succession befell on the unpopular Tiberius. Refusing to accept this, the rebel soldiers cried for Germanicus as emperor. But.
Gratian - to 383, son of Valentinian I by Severa, was born at Sirmium in Pannonia, on April 18 or May 23, 359. On August 4, 367 he received from his father the title of Augustus. On the death of Valentinian (November 17, 375), the troops in Pannonia proclaimed his infant son (by a second wife Justina) emperor under the title of Valentinian II. Gratian acquiesced in their choice; reserving for himself the administration of the Gallic provinces, he handed over Italy, Illyria and Africa to Valentinian and his mother, who fixed their residence at Milan. The division, however, was merely nominal, and the real authority remained in the hands of Gratian. The eastern portion of the empire was under the rule of his uncle Valens. In May 378 Gratian completely defeated the.
Franks - source is Gregory of Tours, who quotes from otherwise lost sources like Sulpicius Alexander and Frigeridus and probably from oral sources of the Franks around him, the latter with healthy scepticism. Apart from this there are some earlier Roman sources like Ammianus and Sidonius Apollinaris Modern scholars of the Roman-Germanic period have suggested that the Frankish people emerged from the unifications of various earlier, smaller Germanic groups inhabiting the Rhine valley and lands immediately to the east, events perhaps related to the increasing disorder and upheaval experienced in the area as a result of the war between Rome and the Marcomanni which begin in 166, and subsequent conflicts of the late 2nd century and the 3rd century C.E. For his part, Gregory states that the Franks originally lived in Pannonia, but.
Diocletian - administrative center of Salona on the Adriatic Sea, near the modern Split, Croatia. He was the only Roman emperor to remove himself from office; all of the others either died of natural causes or were removed by force. The last and greatest persecution of Christians by the Roman Empire was carried out during his reign, though Galerius carried it out more avidly than Diocletian himself. Dioceses of Diocletian Name Territories WEST Oriens Libya, Egypt, Plaestine, Syria, and Cilicia Pontus Cappadocia, Armenia Minor, Galatia, Bithynia Asia (Asiana) Asia, Phrygia, Pisidia, Lycia, Liydia, Caria Thrace Moesiae Moesia Inferior, Thrace Moesiae Moesia Superior, Dacia, Epirus, Macedonia, Thessaly, Achaea, Dardania EAST Africa Tripolitana, Africa Proconsularis, Numidia, part of Mauretania Hispanie Mauretania Tingitana, Baetica, Lusitania, Tarraconensis Viennensis Narbonensis, Aquitania, Viennensis, Alpes Maritime Galliae Lugdunensis, Germania Superior,.
Dio Cassius - a Roman. Dio Cassius passed the greater part of his life in public service. He was a senator under Commodus and governor of Smyrna after the death of Septimius Severus; and afterwards suffect consul around 205, as also proconsul in Africa and Pannonia. Alexander Severus entertained the highest esteem for him, and made him consul for the second time, with himself in 229, though the Praetorian Guards, irritated against him on account of his severity, had demanded his life. Following his second consulship, being advanced in years, he returned to his native country, where he died. Dio published a Roman history, in eighty books, the fruit of his researches and labours of twenty-two years. It embraced a period of 983 years, extending from the arrival of Aeneas in Italy, and the.
Decius - distinguished men from the Illyrian provinces, was born at Budalia near Sirmium in lower Pannonia. About 245 the emperor Philip the Arabian entrusted him with an important command on the Danube, and in 249 (or end of 248), having been sent to put down a revolt of the troops in Moesia and Pannonia, he was forced to assume the imperial dignity. He still protested his loyalty to Philip, but the latter advanced against him and was slain near Verona. During his brief reign Decius was engaged in important operations against the Goths, who crossed the Danube and overran the districts of Moesia and Thrace. The details are obscure, and there is considerable doubt as to the part taken in the campaign by Decius and his son Herennius Etruscus. The Goths were.
10 - of localized Teutonic tribes of the Irminones. The Greek dynasty in Bactria is extinguished. Publius Cornelius Dolabella is a Roman Consul. Illyria is divided into Pannonia and Dalmatia. Births Hero of Alexandria, Greek engineer Deaths Didymus Chalcenterus, Greek scholar and grammarian. For the number 10, see ten There are quite a few albums called 10, including recordings by LL Cool J and Pearl Jam. For a complete list, see Ten..
