Pausanias - Pausanias Pausanias is the name of several ancient people: Pausanias was a Spartan general of the 5th century BC. Pausanias of Sparta was King of Sparta from 409 BC-395 BC. Pausanias was the servant who assassinated Philip II of Macedon in 336 BC Pausanias, Greek traveller and geographer of the 2nd century A.D., lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius..
Pausanias (general) - Pausanias (general) Pausanias was a Spartan general of the 5th century BC. He was responsible for the Greek victory over Mardonius and the Persians at the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC, and was the leader of the Hellenic League created after the end of the Persian Wars. In 478 BC he was suspected of conspiring with the Persians and was recalled to Sparta. He took refuge in a temple, which was then boarded up so he could not escape; he refused to come out, however, and starved to death. Cimon and the Athenians then became the leaders of the Hellenic League, which later turned into the Delian League..
Pausanias of Sparta - Pausanias of Sparta Pausanias was King of Sparta from 409 BC-395 BC..
Pausanias (assassin) - Pausanias (assassin) Pausanias was the servant who assassinated Philip II of Macedon in 336 BC, possibly at the instigation of Olympias and Alexander the Great. He was immediately captured and killed..
Pausanias (geographer) - Pausanias (geographer) Pausanias, Greek traveller and geographer of the 2nd century A.D., lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius. He was probably a native of Lydia; he was certainly familiar with the western coast of Asia Minor, but his travels extended far beyond the limits of Ionia. Before visiting Greece he had been to Antioch, Joppa and Jerusalem, and to the banks of the river Jordan. In Egypt he had seen the pyramids, while at the temple of Ammon he had been shown the hymn once sent to that shrine by Pindar. In Macedonia he had almost certainly viewed the traditional tomb of Orpheus. Crossing over to Italy, he had seen something of the cities of Campania, and of the wonders of.
Kings of Macedon - of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Argead Dynasty 2 Antipatrid Dynasty 3 Antigonid Dynasty Argead Dynasty Karanus Koinos Tyrimmas Perdiccas I Aeropus I Alcetas I Amyntas I Alexander I Perdiccas II Archelaus Craterus (ruled for 4 days) Orestes Aeropus II Amyntus II Pausanias Amyntas III Alexander II Ptolemy I of Macedon (also known as Ptolemy Alorites) Perdiccas III Amyntas IV (infant son of Perdicas III) Philip II Alexander the Great (Alexander III) Antipater, Regent of Macedon Philip III Arrihadeus Alexander IV Polyperchon, Regent of Macedon Cassander, Regent of Macedon Antipatrid Dynasty Cassander (son of Antipater) Philip IV Alexander V Antipater II Antigonid Dynasty Demetrius I Poliorcetes Lysimachus (divided with Pyrrhus of Epirus) Pyrrhus of Epirus (divided with Lysimachus) Ptolemy II (also known as Ptolemy Ceraunus) Meleager Antipater III (also known as Antipater Etesius).
Kings of Sparta - before the mid 6th Century BC or so Agiad Kings Eurysthenes Agis I Echestratus Dorissus Agesilaus I Teleclus Alcmenes Polydorus Eurycrates Anaxander Eurycratides Leon Anaxandridas 560-520 BC Cleomenes I 520-490 BC. Leonidas I 490-480 BC. Pleistarchus 480- 459 BC Pleistoanax 459 - 409 BC Pausanias 409- 395 BC Agesipolis I 395 - 380 BC. Cleombrotus I 380- 371 BC. Agesipolis II 371 - 370 BC. Cleomenes II 370- 309 BC. Areus I 309- 265 BC Acrotatus 265 - 262 BC. Areus II 262- 254 BC Leonidas II 254 - 235 BC. Cleomenes III 235- 222 BC. Eurypontid Kings Procles Soos Eurypon Prytanis Polydectes Eunomus Charillus Nicander Theopompus Anaxandridas I Zeuxidamas Anaxidamus Archidamus I Agasicles Ariston 550 - 515 BC Demaratus 515- 491 BC. Leotychidas II 491 - 469 BC. Archidamus II.
James Frazer - Bough, a study of ancient cults, rites, myths and their parallels with early Christianity, was arguably his greatest work. The first edition, in two volumes, was published in 1890. The third edition was finished in 1915 and ran to twelve volumes, with a thirteenth supplement volume added in 1936. He also published a single volume abridgement, largely compiled by his wife Lady Frazer, in 1922, with some controversial material removed from the text. Selected Works Totemism (1887) The Golden Bough, 1st edition (1890) Descriptions of Greece, by Pausanias (translation and commentary) (1897) The Golden Bough, 2nd edition (1900) Psyche's Task (1909) Totemism and Exogamy (1910) The Golden Bough, 3rd edition (1906-15) The Belief in Immortality and the Worship of the Dead, 3 volumes (1913-24) Folk-lore in the Old Testament (1918) Apollodorus:.
Ilithyia - identified with Hera and Artemis. According to Homer, there were several called Eileithyiai while Hesiod and Pausanias always claimed there was only one, known as Ilithyia. She was always the daughter of Zeus and Hera, but was sometimes said to come from Hyperborea, to the north of Greece, in order to aid Leto in giving birth to Artemis and Apollo, and other times she was born in Amnisos on Crete. Hera kidnapped Ilithyia to prevent Leto from going into labor with Artemis and Apollo because the father was her husband, Zeus. The other gods forced Hera to let her go. She was especially worshipped in Crete, in the cities Lato and Eleuthernia. Caves were believed to be sacred to her (perhaps a reference to the birth canal) and offerings to her.
Heracleidae - in Peloponnesus. A decisive, battle was fought with Tisamenus, son of Orestes, the chief ruler in the peninsula, who was defeated and slain. The Heracleidae, who thus became practically masters of Peloponnesus, proceeded to distribute its territory among themselves by lot. Argos fell to Temenus, Lacedaemon to Procles and Eurysthenes, the twin sons of Aristodemus; and Messene to Cresphontes. The fertile district of Elis had been reserved by agreement for Oxylus. The Heracleidae ruled in Lacedaemon till 221 BC, but disappeared much earlier in the other countries. This conquest of Peloponnesus by the Dorians, commonly called the "Return of the Heraclidae," is represented as the recovery by the descendants of Heracles of the rightful inheritance of their hero ancestor and his sons. The Dorians followed the custom of other Greek tribes.
Helen - her brothers. According to some versions Helen was pregnant and a few months later gives birth to Iphigeneia. She trusts her daughter to her married sister Clytemnestra who will raise her as her own. Soon Menestheus of Athens and other Kings and princes gather at Sparta as Helen's suitors. 1212 BC - Tyndareus marries Helen to Menelaus of Mycenae. Menelaus' brother is King Agamemnon who is married to Helen's sister Clytemnestra. Helen soon gives birth to Hermione. The early deaths of her brothers Castor and Polydeuces, soon make Menelaus Tyndareus successor at the throne of Sparta. 1203 BC - After nine years of marriage, Paris of Troy visits Sparta and in Menelaus absence convinces Helen to flee with him. Menelaus discovers that his wife and guest betrayed him and starts contemplating.
History of Sparta - up early in the century, and it could not in the impending struggle count on the assistance of its old allies, Arcadia and Messenia, since the latter had been robbed of its independence and the former had acknowledged Spartan supremacy. A victory won about 546 BC, when the Lydian Empire fell before Cyrus of Persia, made the Spartans masters of the Cynuria, the borderland between Laconia and Argolis, for which there had been an age-long struggle. The final blow was struck by King Cleomenes I, who maimed for many years to come the Argive power and left Sparta without a rival in the Peloponnese. In fact, by the middle of the 6th century, and increasingly down to the period of the Persian Wars, Sparta had come to be acknowledged as the.
Hyllus - the peninsula, who was defeated and slain. The Heraclidae, who thus became practically masters of Peloponnesus, proceeded to distribute its territory among themselves by lot. Argos fell to Temenus, Lacedaemon to Procles and Eurysthenes, the twin sons of Aristodemus; and Messene to Cresphontes. The fertile district of Elis had been reserved by agreement for Oxylus. The Heraclidae ruled in Lacedaemon till 221 BC, but disappeared much earlier in the other countries. This conquest of Peloponnesus by the Dorians, commonly called the "Return of the Heraclidae," is represented as the recovery by the descendants of Heracles of the rightful inheritance of their hero ancestor and his sons. The Dorians followed the custom of other Greek tribes in claiming as ancestor for their ruling families one of the legendary heroes, but the traditions.
Hygieia - out until the Oracle at Delphi recognized her, and after the devastating Athens plague in 429 and 427 BCE and in Rome in 293 BCE. Her primary temples were in Epidaurus, Corinth, Cos and Pergamon. Pausanias remarked that, at the asclepieion of Titane in Sikyonia (founded by Alexanor, Asclepius' grandson), statues of Hygieia were covered by women's hair and pieces of Babylonian clothes. According to inscriptions, the same sacrifices were offered at Paros. Ariphron, a Sikyonian artist from the fourth century BCE wrote a well-known hymn celebrating her. Statues of Hygieia were creaed by Skopas, Bryaxis and Timotheos, amng others. She was often depicted as a young woman feeding a large snake that was wrapped around her body. Hygeieia was accompanied by her brother, Telesforos. Her name is the source of.
General nature of the evidence of Aegean civilization - but nothing of more perishable nature, such as skin, papyrus, etc.; engraved gems and gem impressions; legends written with pigment on pottery (rare); characters incised on stone or pottery. These show two main systems of script (see Crete). Excavated tombs, of either the pit or the grotto kind, in which the dead were laid, together with various objects of use and luxury, without cremation, and in either coffins or loculi or simple wrappings. Public works, such as paved and stepped roadways, bridges, systems of drainage, etc. B. There is also a certain amount of external evidence to be gathered from Monuments and records of other contemporary civilizations, e.g. representations of alien peoples in Egyptian frescoes; imitation of Aegean fabrics and style in non-Aegean lands; allusions to Mediterranean peoples in Egyptian, Semitic.
Unknown God - swear "in the name of the Unknown God" (Νή τόν Άγνωστον). Apollodorus, Philostratus and Pausanias wrote about that God as well. When the Apostle Paul visited Athens he saw an altar with an inscription dedicated to that God so when he gave his speech on the Areopagos he told the crowd that he was there to talk about that same Unknown God..
Gorgidas - rush into danger for the relief of one another.” The Sacred Band was at first dispersed throughout the front ranks of the regular infantry, with the idea that they would inspire valour, but they were latter arrayed as a unit in order to make their gallantry more conspicuous. After Thebes was conquered in the Peloponnesian War in 404, bands of guerilla troops fought with the Spartan troops, becoming fierce warriors. Pelopidas recaptured a Theban fortress in 379 and he assumed the command of the Sacred Band in which he fought alongside his former lover General Epaminondas. The Sacred Band under Pelopidas fought the Spartans in Tegyra, vanquishing an army that was at least three times their number. The Sacred Band was also responsible for the victory of Leuctra in 371 BC,.
Guilielmus Xylander - iliterpres) in 1562. Xylander was the author of a number of important works, including Latin translations of Dio Cassius (1558), Plutarch (1560-1570) and Strabo (1571). He also edited (1568) the geographical lexicon of Stephanus of Byzantium; the travels of Pausanias (completed after his death by F Sylburg, 1583); the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius (1558, the editio princeps based on a Heidelberg manuscript now lost; a second edition in 1568 with the addition of Antoninus Liberalis, Phlegon of Tralles, an unknown Apollonius, and Antigonus of Carystus--all paradoxographers); and the chronicle of George Cedrenus (1566). He translated the first six books of Euclid into German with notes, the Arithmetica of Diophantus, and the De quattuor mathematicis scientiis of Michael Psellus into Latin. Reference This entry incorporates public domain text originally from the 1911.
Gymnasium (ancient Greece) - such sports; their free active life, spent to a great extent in the open air, fostered the liking almost into a passion. The victor in any athletic contest, though he gained no money prize, was rewarded with the honour and respect of his fellow citizens; and a victory in the great religious festivals was counted an honour for the whole state. In these circumstances the training of competitors for the greater contests became a matter of public concern; and accordingly special buildings were provided by the state, and their management entrusted to public officials. The regulation of the gymnasium at Athens is attributed by Pausanias (i. 39. 3) to Theseus. Solon made several laws on the subject; but according to Galen it was reduced to a system in the time of.
Friedrich Sylburg - linguam (1580) of Nicolaus Clenardus (Cleynaerts). In 1583 he resigned his post at Lich and moved to Frankfurt to act as corrector and editor of Greek texts for the enterprising publisher Johann Wechel. To his Frankfurt period belong the editions of Pausanias, Herodotus, Dionysius Halicarnassensis (one of his best pieces of work, highly praised by Karsten Niebuhr), Aristotle, the Greek and Latin sources for the history of the Roman emperors and the IlepJ owras of Apollonius Dyscolus. In 1591 he moved to Heidelberg, where he became librarian to the elector palatine. The Wechel series was continued by Hieronymus Commelinus of Heidelberg, for whom Sylburg edited Clement of Alexander, Justin Martyr, the Etymologicum magnum, the Scriptores de re rustica, the Greek gnomic poets, Xenophon, Nonnus and other works. All Sylburg's editions show.
