Viceroyalty of Peru - Viceroyalty of Peru Created in 1542, the Viceroyalty of Peru (in Spanish, Virreinato del Perú) contained most of Spanish-ruled South America until the creation of the separate viceroyalties of New Granada (now Colombia, Ecuador, Panamá and Venezuela, the last-named previously in the Viceroyalty of New Spain) in 1717 and the Río de la Plata (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay) in 1776. The Viceroyalty ended with the independence of the republics of Chile (1818) and Peru (1821). During the 17th century the Viceroyalty contained six audiencias or provincial administrations: Panamá, Santa Fé de Bogotá (Colombia), Quito (Ecuador), Lima (Peru proper), Charcas (Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay) and Chile. See also: Viceroyalty, South America.
History of Peru - History of Peru For pre-1530 history see Incan Empire. When the Spanish landed in 1531, Peru's territory was the nucleus of the highly developed Inca civilization. Centered at Cuzco, the Inca Empire extended over a vast region from northern Ecuador to central Chile. In search of Inca wealth, the Spanish explorer Francisco Pizarro, who arrived in the territory after the Incas had fought a debilitating civil war, conquered the weakened people. The Spanish had captured the Incan capital at Cuzco by 1533 and consolidated their control by 1542. Establishing a stable colonial government was delayed for some time by native revolts and bands of the Conquistadores fighting among themselves. Once the Viceroyalty of Peru was established, Gold and silver from the Andes enriched the conquerors, and Peru.
Geography of Peru - Geography of Peru Location: Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador Geographic coordinates: 10 00 S, 76 00 W Map references: South America Area: total: 1,285,220 km² land: 1.28 million km² water: 5,220 km² Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Alaska Land boundaries: total: 5,536 km border countries: Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km Coastline: 2,414 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200 nautical miles territorial sea: 200 nautical miles Climate: varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes Terrain: western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva) Elevation extremes: lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m.
Foreign relations of Peru - Foreign relations of Peru In October 1998, Peru and Ecuador signed a peace accord which definitively resolved border differences which had, over the years, resulted in armed conflict. Peru and Ecuador are now jointly coordinating an internationally sponsored border integration project. The United States Government, as one of four guarantor states, was actively involved in facilitating the 1998 peace accord between Peru and Ecuador and remains committed to its implementation. The United States has pledged $40 million to the Peru-Ecuador border integration project and another $4 million to support Peruvian and Ecuadorian demining efforts along their common border. In November 1999, Peru and Chile signed three agreements which put to rest the remaining obstacles holding up implementation of the 1929 Border Treaty. (The 1929 Border Treaty officially ended.
East Peru, Iowa - East Peru, Iowa East Peru is a city located in Madison County, Iowa. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 153. Geography \nEast Peru is located at 41°13'38" North, 93°55'31" West (41.227089, -93.925172)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.4 km² (0.9 mi²). 2.4 km² (0.9 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water. Demographics \nAs of the census of 2000, there are 153 people, 53 households, and 46 families residing in the city. The population density is 62.8/km² (163.3/mi²). There are 58 housing units at an average density of 23.8/km² (61.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 95.42% White, 0.00% African American, 0.65% Native American, 0.00% Asian,.
Economy of Peru - Economy of Peru Economy - overview: The Peruvian economy has become increasingly market-oriented, with major privatizations completed since 1990 in the mining, electricity, and telecommunications industries. Thanks to strong foreign investment and the cooperation between the Fujimori government and the IMF and World Bank, growth was strong in 1994-97 and inflation was brought under control. In 1998, El Niño's impact on agriculture, the financial crisis in Asia, and instability in Brazilian markets undercut growth. And 1999 was another lean year for Peru, with the aftermath of El Niño and the Asian financial crisis working its way through the economy. Lima did manage to complete negotiations for an Extended Fund Facility with the IMF in June 1999, although it subsequently had to renegotiate the targets. Pressure on spending.
Demographics of Peru - Demographics of Peru Most Peruvians are "mestizo," a term that usually refers to a mixture of Amerindians and Peruvians of European descent. Peruvians of European descent make up about 15% of the population; there also are smaller numbers of persons of African, Japanese, and Chinese descent. In the past decade, Peruvians of Asian heritage have made significant advancements in business and political fields; a past president, several past cabinet members, and several members of the Peruvian congress are of Japanese or Chinese descent. Socioeconomic and cultural indicators are increasingly important as identifiers. For example, Peruvians of Amerindian descent who have adopted aspects of Hispanic culture also are considered "mestizo." With economic development, access to education, intermarriage, and largescale migration from rural to urban areas, a more homogeneous.
Kate del Castillo - (The Last Escape). She was catapulted into fame in 1991 when she starred as Leticia in Muchachitas, a soap opera that reached wild popularity all over Latin America. Muchachitas reached the top audience spots in Mexico, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Peru, and among hispanic audiences in the United States. Among the other soap operas and movies she made are Ramona, and El Derecho de Nacer (The Right to be Born). In 1996, she married soccer player Luis Garcia, who was very famous in his own right and a member of the Mexican national soccer team. Th marriage did not last too long, however. In 2000, she campaigned for President-to-be Vicente Fox, a fact that did not sit well with Televisa leaders. In 2002 and 2003, this habitual autograph signer began an international.
Kamen - mines. February 1993 : SH-2G The new version of the Sea Sprite, with new avionics, mission electronics and GE T-700 engines, enters US Navy service August 1994 : K-1200 K-MAX "aerial truck" The world's first helicopter specifically designed, tested and certified for repetitive external lift operations and vertical reference flight, an important feature for external load work. The aircraft's narrow profile gives the pilot an unprecedented view of the load looking out either side of the aircraft. The K-MAX is based on Kaman's unique intermeshing rotor technology with servo-flap control. The aircraft has counter-rotating main rotors and no tail rotor, which allows all engine power to go directly to the main rotors for the highest lifting efficiency of any rotor configuration. The K-MAX receives FAA certification in record time. Flight.
Kenneth E. Hagin - Prayer and Healing Center. In 1979, he founded the Prayer and Healing Center to provide a place where the sick could come and have the opportunity to build their faith. Healing School continues to be held free of charge twice daily on the RHEMA campus. In 1974, Rev. Hagin founded RHEMA Bible Training Center USA, which has 23,000 alumni. There are RHEMA Bible Training Centers in 13 other nations of the world: Austria, Brazil, Colombia, Germany, India, Italy, Mexico, Peru, Romania, Samoa, Singapore, South Africa, and Thailand. On Saturday evening September 13 2003, Reverend Hagin went to bed feeling well. Sunday morning, he woke up and prepared for the day. Friends came over and cooked breakfast for he and his wife, Oretha. After finishing his breakfast, Rev. Hagin sat at the.
Kentish Plover - Great Britain. It breeds in most subtropical and tropical parts of the world, from southern Europe to Japan and in Peru, Chile, the southern USA and the Caribbean. The two races which breed in the Americas are collectively called Snowy Plover. The breeding birds in warmer countries are largely sedentary, but northern and inland populations are migratory, wintering south to the tropics. This species breeds on sandy coasts and brackish inland lakes, and is uncommon on fresh water. It nests in a ground scrape and lays three to five eggs. This plover is smaller, paler, longer-legged and thinner-billed than Ringed Plover or Semipalmated Plover. Its breast band is never complete, and is usually just dark lateral patches on the sides of the breast. The Kentish Plover's upperparts are greyish brown and.
Kitsch - were appreciated by the public, in order to make a stand for the importance of the aesthetic. Many modern critics try not to pigeonhole Academic art into the 'kitsch' side of the art/kitsch dichotomy, recognizing its historical role in the genesis of both the avant garde and kitsch. Postmodernism With the emergence of Postmodernism in the late 20th century, the borders between kitsch and high art became blurred again. One development was the approval of what is called "camp taste". Camp refers to an ironic appreciation of that which might otherwise be considered corny, such as Carmen Miranda with her tutti-frutti hats, or otherwise kitsch, such as popular culture events which are particularly dated or inappropriately serious, such as the low-budget science fiction movies of the 1950s and 60s. "Camp" is.
Kings of Easter Island - Te Kahui Tuhunga 47 Te Tuhunga Hanui 48 Te Tuhunga Haroa 49 Te Tuhunga "Mare Kapeau" 50 Toati Rangi Hahe 51 Tangaroa Tatarara (Maybe Tangaiia of Mangaia Island?) 52 Havini(vini) Koro (or Hariui Koro), about 1400 53 Puna Hako 54 Puna Ate Tuu 55 Puna Kai Te Vana 56 Te Riri Katea (?-1485) 57- 59 HAUMOANA, TARATAKI and TUPA ARIKI (from Peru), from 1485 60 Mahaki Tapu Vae Iti (Mahiki Tapuakiti) 61 Ngau-ka Te Mahaki or Tuu Koiho (Ko-Tuu-ihu?) 62 Anakena 63 Hanga Rau 64 Marama Ariki, around 1600 65 Riu Tupa Hotu (Nui Tupa Hotu?) 66 Toko Te Rangi. (Perhaps the "god" Rongo of Mangaia Island?) 67 Kao Aroaro (Re Kauu?) 68 Mataivi 69 Kao Hoto 70 Te Ravarava (Terava Rara) 71 Tehitehuke 72 Te Rahai or Terahai (The alternative.
Kon-Tiki - "Kon-Tiki" is also the name of the popular book which Heyerdahl wrote about his adventures. Heyerdahl and a small team went to Peru, where they used trees and other native materials to construct a balsawood raft said to be of native style. They sailed it for 101 days over 4,300 miles across the Pacific Ocean before smashing into the reef at Raroia in the Tuamotu Islands on August 7, 1947. The only modern equipment they had was a radio. For food, they lived off the fruits of the ocean. While this was an interesting experiment, which demonstrated the seaworthiness of Heyerdahl's raft, most anthropologists continue to believe, based on physical, cultural and genetic evidence, that Polynesia was settled from west to east, migration having begun from the Asian mainland, not South.
Kumamoto - per km². The total area is 266.77 km². The city is most famous for Kumamoto Castle. Former president of Peru Alberto Fujimori's ancestry is here. The city was founded on April 1, 1889. Education Kumamoto University.
January 11 - solo from Hawaii to California. 1938 - Frances Moulton is the first woman to become president of a US national bank. 1942 - Japan declares war on the Netherlands and invades the Netherlands East Indies. 1942 - The Japanese capture Kuala Lumpur. 1943 - The United States and United Kingdom give up territorial rights in China. 1946 - Enver Hoxha declares the people's republic of Albania with himself as dictator. 1949 - First recorded case of snowfall in Los Angeles, California. 1960 - Chad declares its independence. 1962 - Eruption of the volcano Huascaran in Peru; 4000 deaths. 1963 - The Whiskey-a-Go-Go night club in Los Angeles, the first disco in the USA, is opened. 1964 - United States Surgeon General Luther Terry reports that smoking may be hazardous for one's.
Javary - Javary The Javary, the boundary between Brazil and Peru, is another Amazon river tributary of importance. It is supposed to be navigable by canoe for 900 miles above its mouth to its sources among the Ucayali highlands, but only 260 have been found suitable for steam navigation. The Brazilian Boundary Commission ascended it in 1866 to the junction of the Shino with its Jaquirana branch. The country it traverses in its extremely sinuous course is very level, similar in character to that of the Jurua, and is a fostered wilderness occupied by a few savage hordes..
January 18 - Emperor. 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople fail. 1520 - King Christian II of Denmark and Norway defeats the Swedes at Lake Asunde. 1535 - Lima, Peru founded by Francisco Pizarro. 1670 - Henry Morgan captures Panama. 1701 - Frederick I becomes King of Prussia. 1778 - James Cook is the first known European to discover the Hawaiian Islands, which he names the "Sandwich Islands." 1861 - Georgia joins the Confederacy. 1871 - Wilhelm I of Germany becomes the first German Emperor. 1886 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. 1896 - The X-ray machine is exhibited for the first time. 1911 - Eugene B. Ely lands on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania stationed in San Francisco harbor, marking the first time.
Jaen - Andalusia. Its population is 112,921 (2002), about 1/6 of the population of the province. Jaén is a city in the rice-growing region of northern Peru..
Japan Airlines - plane models and other promotional items being produced in quantity. It also bought new Boeing 767 jets and retired the DC-8's and 727's. In 1985, one of their 747's crashed, killing 540 out of 544 people on board. Japan Airlines began the 1990s with flights to help evacuate Japanese citizens from Iraq before the start of the Gulf War. In 1992, Japan Air Charters was established, and in 1997, an agreement with The Walt Disney Company was announced, making Japan Airlines the official airline of Disney Tokyo. That year also, JALExpress had been established, with Boeing 737 aircraft. Also in 1997, the airline had to fly the Japanese prime minister to Peru to help negotiate in the Tupac Amaru kidnapping case. Japan Airlines acquired Boeing 777's during that decade, and it.
