Jewish philosophy - Jewish philosophy Jewish Philosophy is the conjunction between serious study of philosophy and Jewish theology. Early Jewish philosophy was heavilly influenced by the philosophy of Plato, Aristotle and Islamic philosophy. Many early medieval Jewish philosophers (700s to 1000 CE) were especially influenced by the Islamic Motazilites; they denied all limiting attributes of God and were champions of God's unity and justice). Over time Aristotle came to be thought of as the philosopher par excellence among Jewish thinkers thinkers. This tendency toward Aristotle was no less marked in the Islamic, the Christian Byzantine and the Latin-Christian schools of thought. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Karaite philosophy 2 Avicebron, Solomon ibn Gabirol 3 Jewish Mysticism, Kabbalah 4 Saadia Gaon 5 The anti-philosophy of the Kuzari 6 The rise of.
Joy programming language - Joy programming language Stub - please refine. Manfred von Thun of Latrobe University in Melbourne, Australia has produced and is refining a functional programming language called Joy based on composition of functions rather than lambda calculus. It has turned out to have many similarities to Forth, due less to design than to a sort of parallel evolution and convergence. For more comprehensive information, see http://www.latrobe.edu.au/philosophy/phimvt/joy.html and http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?JoyOfJoy.
History of philosophy - History of philosophy Philosophy has a long history. Generally, philosophers divide the history of Western philosophy into ancient philosophy, medieval philosophy, modern philosophy, and contemporary philosophy. Ancient Philosophy Western Philosophy is generally said to begin in the Greek cities of western Asia Minor (Ionia) with Thales of Miletus, who was active around 585 B.C. and left us the opaque dictum, "All is water." His most noted students were Anaximenes of Miletus and Anaximander ("All is air"). Other thinkers and schools appeared throughout Greece over the next couple of centuries. Among the most important were: Heraclitus, who stressed the transitory and chaotic nature of all things ("All is fire"; "We cannot step into the same river twice"). Anaxagoras, who conversely asserted that reality was so ordered that it.
German philosophy - German philosophy This entry deals with works, schools, movements of minds that have been contributing to the world of thoughts through the German language, the majority of them natives or denizens of modern day Germany, Austria, Switzerland and countries where German has been spoken. The body of German philosophical traditions in general shows certain distinctiveness and uniqueness in its dynamics and focuses, from the French, Anglo-Saxon, Russian and other Western and non-Western philosophical traditions, therefore warrant special attentions. Wiki links: List of German language philosophers Intellectual, political, literary and cultural movements in German lands Austrian intellectual traditions Viennese school Oswald Spengler Carl Gustav Jung Sigmund Freud Sturm und Drang German Romanticism German literature History of philosophy Philosophical movement German idealism French materialism Modern philosophy Immanuel Kant early.
Unix philosophy - Unix philosophy The Unix philosophy is a set of cultural norms and philosophical approaches to developing software systems based on the experience of leading developers of the Unix operating system. Many individuals have examined these norms and tried to summarize them in some way. Doug McIlroy, the inventor of Unix pipes and one of the founders of the Unix tradition, summarized the philosophy in A Quarter Century of Unix as follows: "This is the Unix philosophy: Write programs that do one thing and do it well. Write programs to work together. Write programs to handle text streams, because that is a universal interface." This has sometimes been briefly summarized as "Do one thing, do it well." Rob Pike, a leading expert on applying the C programming language,.
Analytic philosophy - Analytic philosophy Analytic philosophy is the dominant philosophical movement of English-speaking countries that began with Gottlob Frege at the turn of the twentieth-century and whose primary emphasis is on the analysis of language or meaning. It is characterized by its effort to clarify philosophical issues by analysis and logical rigor. Several lines of thought originate from the analytic philosophy tradition. These include: logical positivism, logical empiricism, logical atomism, logicism and ordinary language philosophy. The term "analytic philosophy" in part denotes the fact that most of this philosophy traces its roots to the movement of "logical analysis" at the beginning of the century; in part the term serves to distinguish "analytic" from other "kinds" of philosophy, especially "continental philosophy." The latter denotes mainly philosophy that has taken place.
Basic Combined Programming Language - Basic Combined Programming Language BCPL (Basic Combined Programming Language) is a computer programming language, derived from CPL. Due to difficulties, during the 1960s, BCPL was designed by Martin Richards of the University of Cambridge (1966). The first compiler implementation was written while he was visiting MIT (spring -- 1967). The language was first described in a paper presented to the 1969 Spring Joint Computer Conference. Dennis Ritchie would later develop the C programming language from BCPL. The language is lean, powerful, and portable. It proved possible to write small and simple compilers for it and was therefore a popular choice for bootstrapping a system. Reputedly some compilers could be run in 16 kilobytes. Several operating systems were written partially or wholly in BCPL (for example, Tripos or Amiga Kickstart)..
Karl Daub - German Protestant theologian. He was born at Cassel. He studied philosophy, philology and theology at Marburg in 1786, and eventually (1795) became professor ordinarius of theology at the University of Heidelberg, where he remained until his death. Daub was one of the leaders of a school which sought to reconcile theology and philosophy, and to bring about a speculative reconstruction of orthodox dogma. In the course of his intellectual development, he came successively under the influence of Immanuel Kant, Friedrich von Schelling and Georg Hegel, and on account of the different phases through which he passed he was called the Talleyrand of German thought. There was one great defect in his speculative theology: he ignored historical criticism. His purpose was, as Otto Pfleiderer says, "to connect the metaphysical ideas, which had.
Very long instruction word - arithmetic logic units (ALUs) to run in parallel. The earliest such architectures typically used hardware to decide which operations can run in parallel. A distinguishing feature of the VLIW philosophy is to have such scheduling be performed in the compiler. For instance, the CPU might have the ability to multiply two numbers at the same time. However, the results of the second may depend on the first. If so, the second of the two units "stalls" while it waits for the first one to finish. In a conventional CPU, such stalling is implemented in hardware. In a VLIW, the compiler predetermines the schedule of operations. This reduces the hardware complexity substantially. A similar problem occurs when the result of such an instruction is used as input for a branch. Most CPUs.
Kurt Gödel - Short Biography 1.1 Childhood 1.2 Studying in Vienna 1.3 Working in Vienna 1.4 Visiting the USA 1.5 Working in Princeton 2 Important Publications 3 Further Reading 4 External Link Short Biography Childhood Kurt Gödel was born April 28, 1906, in Brno, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic) as the son of the manager of a textile factory. In his family little Kurt was known as Der Herr Warum (Mr. Why). He attended German-language primary and secondary school in Brno and completed them with honors in 1923. Although Kurt had first excelled in learning languages he later became more fond of history and mathematics. His interest in mathematics increased when in 1920 his older brother Rudolf (born 1902) left for Vienna to go to Medical School at the University of Vienna (UV). Already during.
Kuzari - him in the tenets of the Jewish religion. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Introduction 2 "Creatio ex Nihilo" 3 Superiority of his faith 4 Question of Attributes 5 Names of God 6 Arguments Against Philosophy 7 Influence of the Kuzari 8 The "Kuzari Principle" 9 External Links Introduction After a short account of the incidents preceding the conversion of the king, and of the conversations of the latter with a philosopher, a Christian, and a Muslim concerning their respective beliefs, a Jewish person appears on the stage, and by his first statement startles the king; for, instead of giving him proofs of the existence of God, he asserts and explains the miracles performed by Him in favor of the Israelites. The king expresses his astonishment at this exordium, which seems to.
J. L. Austin - Austin (March 28, 1911 - February 8, 1960) was a philosopher of language, who developed much of the theory of speech acts. He was born in Lancaster and educated at the University of Oxford. After serving in MI6 during World War II, Austin became White’s Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford. His paper The meaning of a word is a polemic against doing philosophy by attempting to pin down the meaning of the words used; for 'there is no simple and handy appendage of a word called "the meaning of the word (x)"'. Austin warns us to take care when removing words from their ordinary usage, giving numerous examples of how this can lead one down a philosophical garden path. In A Plea for excuses Austin demonstrates his philosophical method by.
Jacques Derrida - of reading texts. He has had a significant effect on literary theory and on some areas of philosophy. His work is associated with postmodernism and post-structuralism, and is influenced among others by Emmanuel Levinas, Maurice Blanchot and Martin Heidegger. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Life 2 Work 3 See also 4 External Links Life From 1960 to 1964, Derrida taught philosophy at the Sorbonne. From 1964 to 1984, he taught at the École Normale Superieure. He is currently director of the École des Hautes Études en Science Sociales in Paris. Since 1986 he has been Professor of Philosophy, French and Comparative Literature at the University of California, Irvine. Some of his most famous works include Speech and Phenomena, Of Grammatology, and Writing and Difference. Work Derrida's earliest work was in phenomenology..
Japanese proverbs - phenomena. Some are from the Go game and Buddhism and many four-character phrases are from Chinese philosophy. The heavy employment of proverbs enables Japanese language to be compact, quick and simple. Evidence might be found in Japanese animation and Japanese comics or manga. The huge popularity in instant messaging by cellular phones can be due to this. Among them are: 挨拶は時の氏神 (Aisatsu ha tokino ujigami) -- (lit. Warm greetings to God, the Emperor of our time.) 秋茄子は嫁に食わすな (Akinasu ha yome ni kuwasuna) -- (lit. Don't get fall-harvest eggplant (nasu) to your son's wife) 悪妻は百年の不作 (Akusai ha hyaku-nen no fusaku) -- (lit. a bad wife is one hundred years of bad harvest) あまり物には福がある (Amarimono niha fuku ga aru) -- (lit. fortunes exist among leftovers) 案ずるより生むが易し (Anjiru yori umu ga yasushi) -- (lit..
James Anthony Froude - later in his Nemesis of Faith, of which the earlier part seems to be autobiographical. At the college's request, he resigned his fellowship at Oxford, and mainly supported himself by writing, contributing largely to Fraser's Magazine and the Westminster Review. His talent was soon generally recognized. The first two volumes of his History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Defeat of the Spanish Armada appeared in 1856, and the work was completed in 1870. As an historian he is chiefly remarkable for his literary style. He condemns a scientific treatment of history and disregards its philosophy. He held that its purpose was simply to record human actions and that it should be written as a drama. Accordingly he gives prominence to the personal element in history. His presentations.
James Russell Lowell - of an American edition of the British Poets, but the state of his wife’s health preoccupied him, and only her death (27 October, 1853) released him from the strain of anxiety, the grief accompanied by a readjustment of his nature and a new intellectual activity. At the invitation of his cousin, he delivered a course of lectures on English poets at the Lowell Institute in Boston in the winter of 1855. This first formal appearance as a critic and historian of literature at once gave him a new standing in the community, and he was elected to the Smith Professorship of Modern Languages in Harvard College, made vacant by the retirement of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Lowell accepted the appointment, with the proviso that he should have a year of study abroad..
Jewish views of religious pluralism - for others to convert to Judaism; they implicitly allow non-Jews to have their own religions. Many Orthodox rabbis teach that the second law implicitly is a positive commandment to believe in God, but some historians argue that this is not the original meaning of the verse. The rabbis spent more time defining and prohibiting idolatry than they did describing God and demanding belief in a specific theology. In a surprisingly liberal and pluralistic view for the third century, one sage in the Talmud states "Whoever denies idolatry is called a Yehudi (Jew)." (Babylonian Talmud, Megilla, 13a). Even earlier, in the second century the Tosefta declared "the righteous of all nations have a share in the world to come." (Tosefta, Sanhedrin 13) Maimonides, held by Jews to be the most important theologian.
Jerry Fodor - New Jersey. He is the author of many groundbreaking books in the fields of philosophy of mind and cognitive science, where he laid the groundwork for the modularity of mind and the language of thought thesis. Fodor is a major proponent of functionalism. Books Authored by Fodor The Mind Doesn't Work That Way: The Scope and Limits of Computational Psychology, MIT Press, 2000. In Critical Condition, MIT Press, 1998. Concepts: Where Cognitive Science Went Wrong, (The 1996 John Locke Lectures), Oxford University Press, 1998. The Elm and the Expert, Mentalese and its Semantics, (The 1993 Jean Nicod Lectures), MIT Press, 1994. Holism: A Consumer Update, (ed. with E. Lepore), Grazer Philosophische Studien, Vol 46. Rodopi, Amsterdam, 1993. Holism: A Shopper's Guide, (ed. with E. Lepore), Blackwell, 1992. A Theory of Content.
John Steinbeck - many of his stories. His novels are called as California novels or dust bowl fiction, referring to the era of dustbowl in American plains. He ahd a wide range of interests like jazz, politics, philosophy, history, and myth. For many he was just a pseudo intellectual, for many others, the authentic voice of Depression. Steinbeck wrote in the naturalist/realist style, often about poor, working-class people. His most famous work, The Grapes of Wrath, tells the story of the Joads, a poor family from Oklahoma and their journey to and subsequent struggles in California. It is often understood as a novel in defense of the poor as against the rich. In 2001, the book would be listed as one of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century as selected by.
John Wyclif - Early Life 2 Early Career 3 Bases of his Reformatory Activities 4 Political Career 5 Public Declaration of his Ideas 6 Conflict with the Church. 7 Statement Regarding Royal Power 8 Wyclif and the Papacy 9 Attack on Monasticism 10 Relation to the English Bible 11 Activity as a Preacher 12 Anti-Wyclif Synod 13 Last Days 14 Wyclif's Doctrines 15 Basal Positions in Philosophy 16 Attitude toward Speculation 17 Doctrine of Scripture 18 Theology and Christology Realistic 19 Further reading Early Life His family was of early Saxon origin, long settled in Yorkshire. In his day the family was a large one, covering a considerable territory, and its principal seat was Wycliffe-on-Tees, of which Ipreswell was an outlying hamlet. (1324 is the year usually given for Wyclif's birth; Rashdall in the.
