Plug nozzle - Plug nozzle The plug nozzle is a type of rocket nozzle that, unlike traditional designs, maintains its efficiency at a wide range of altitudes. It is a member of the class of altitude-compensating nozzles, but unlike the aerospike, the plug design is considerably more "traditional". The plug nozzle looks from the outside like a normal engine bell, as used on most rocket engines. Inside, however, there is a "plug" (referred to as the centerbody) that can seal off the exit from the combustion chamber above it. It is similar in form to a sink turned upside down, with the exhaust from the combustion chamber coming out the drain, past the plug (stopper), and into the bell (bowl). The key to the plug system is to use.
Expanding nozzle - Expanding nozzle The expanding nozzle is a type of rocket nozzle that, unlike traditional designs, maintains its efficiency at a wide range of altitudes. It is a member of the class of altitude-compensating nozzles, and while it is the least technically advanced or advantageous, it appears to be difficult to build as well. The expanding nozzle consists of two bells, one inside the other. One, attached directly to the engine nozzle, is designed for use at lower altitudes and is short and squat. The other, sitting outside the first, fits over the lower altitude bell to extend it into a longer and narrower (measured in terms of length) bell used for higher altitudes. At liftoff the outer bell is pulled up from the inner bell, out of.
Diesel engine - is ignited by the high temperature of a compressed gas, rather than a separate source of energy (such as a spark plug). It was invented and patented by Rudolf Diesel in 1892. Diesel intended the engine to use a variety of fuels including coal dust. He demonstrated it in the 1900 World's Fair using peanut oil. How diesel engines work When a gas is compressed, its temperature rises (as stated in Charles' Law); a diesel engine uses this property to ignite the fuel. Air is drawn into the cylinder of a diesel engine and compressed by the rising piston, at a much higher compression ratio than for a spark-ignition engine. At the top of the piston stroke, diesel fuel is injected into the combustion chamber at high pressure, through an atomising.
Aerospike - Aerospike The aerospike is a type of rocket nozzle that, unlike traditional designs, maintains its efficiency across a wide range of altitudes. For this reason it is sometimes referred to as the altitude-compensating nozzle as well, although that is a more general term that refers to a class of such designs. It has been studied for a number of years and is considered as the baseline for many SSTO designs, but remains a test article only. A normal rocket engine uses a large "engine bell" to direct the jet of exhaust from the engine from the surrounding airflow and maximize its acceleration – and thus the thrust. However the proper design of the bell varies with external conditions, one that is designed to operate at high altitudes where the air.
Thor (rocket) - 2300 miles with a CEP of 2 miles. This range would allow Moscow to be hit from a launch site in the U.K The initial design studies were headed by Cmdr. Robert Truax (US. Navy) and Dr. Adolph K. Thiel (Ramo-Wooldridge Corp, formerly Redstone Arsenal). They refined the specs to an IRBM with: A 1750 mile range 8' diameter, 65' long (so it could be carried by Douglas C-124 Globemaster) A gross takeoff weight of 110,000 lbs Propulsion provided by half of the Navaho-derived Atlas booster engine (due, largely, to the lack of any alternatives at this early date) 10,000 mph maximum speed during warhead reentry AC Spark Plug inertial guidence system with radio backup (for low susceptability to enemy disruption) On November 30, 1955 three companies were given one week.
Tripropellant rocket - two sets of engines, but this would mean the spacecraft would be carrying one or the other set "turned off" for most of the flight. With light enough engines this might be reasonable, but the SSTO design has razor-thin margins for extra weight. And thus the tripropellant engine. The engine is basically two engines in one, with a common engine core with the engine bell, combustion chamber and oxidizer pump, but two fuel pumps and feed lines. The engine is somewhat heavier and more complex than a single-fuel engine, but the complexity is generally a little less than 50% more than a single engine – or more importantly, 50% less than two engines would be. Of course there are numerous practical reasons why things are harder. At liftoff the engine typically.
Jack plug - Jack plug A jack plug is an extremely common audio connector. See also jack (connector), tip ring sleeve. The terms phone plug, and phone jack for the corresponding socket, are also used for these connectors, especially for the original 1/4" size. Note that this is in contrast to the terms phono plug and phono jack which normally refer to RCA connectors. The potential for confusion here is heightened as the RCA jack is also known as a 1/4" phono jack and is mainly used in applications for which the 1/4" jack plug was previously (and also continues to be) used. Jack plugs are available in three standard sizes. The original 6.5mm or 1/4", really and also known as 6.3mm, was designed for use in manual telephone exchanges..
Universal plug-and-play - Universal plug-and-play Universal plug-and-play (UPnP) is a set of network protocols promulgated by the UPnP Forum. The goals of UPnP are to allow devices to connect seamlessly and to simplify the implementation of networks in the home and corporate environments. UpnP achieves this by defining and publishing UPnP device control protocols built upon open, Internet-based communication standards. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Overview 2 Discovery 3 Description 4 Control 5 Event notification 6 Presentation 7 See also 8 References 9.
DIN plug - DIN plug DIN plugs and mini-DIN plugs are multi-pin electrical connectors based on a DIN standard. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 DIN plugs 2 Mini DIN plugs 3 Speaker DIN plugs DIN plugs Full-sized DIN plugs are 13.2mm in diameter, and are available in patterns with three to fourteen pins. All patterns are commonly available as line versions in male (plug) and female, and as panel-mounting female connectors. The DIN plug consists of a sheilding metal skirt protecting a number of straight circular pins. The skirt has a spigot to ensure that the plug is inserted with the correct orientation and prevent damage to the pins. There are seven common patterns, with any number of pins from three to eight. Two different five-pin plugs exist, known as.
DC plug - DC plug DC plug is the common name for a DC power supply plug, and particularly is used for one common type of cylindrical two-conductor plug available in a range of sizes and used to power small pieces of electronic equipment. It is also quite properly used to describe some older multi-pin plugs. Several competing standards exist, and in some cases incompatible plugs will fit or can be made to fit, possibly damaging equipment if: voltage is wrong. polarity is wrong. current ratings are exceeded. power supply filtering or stability is inadequate for the equipment being powered. non-matching connectors are forced together. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Cylindrical types 1.1 Generic types 1.2 EIAJ standard 2 Other DC connectors 3 Summary Cylindrical types Also known as barrel.
Appliance plug - Appliance plug An appliance plug is an obsolete three-conductor power connector originally developed for electric jugs and similar small appliances. It has been largely obsoleted and replaced by powered bases and by C15 and C16 IEC connectors. It still occurs on some traditional ceramic electric jugs. On a classical ceramic electric jug, the appliance plug prevents the lid from being raised while the connector is inserted. This is important as during operation of the jug the water it contains is connected to the electric mains and is an electric shock risk. Appliance plugs were also used to supply power to electric toasters, electric coffee percolators, electric frypans, and many other appliances. An appliance plug is to some degree heat resistant, but the maximum working temperature varied from.
The Plug comic - The Plug comic The Plug Comic involves Plug the ugly, one of the Bash Street Kids.In the Plug comic, Plug also has his pets Pug the ugly bash street pup and Chunkee the monkey. The Plug comic was stopped as it was expensive. The Plug comic sold at nine pence when the Beano was only five pence..
Jargon File - (BBN), Carnegie-Mellon University (CMU), and Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI). The Jargon File (hereafter referred to as 'jargon-1' or 'the File') was begun by Raphael Finkel at Stanford in 1975. From this time until the plug was finally pulled on the SAIL computer in 1991, the File was named AIWORD.RF[UP,DOC] there. Some terms in it date back considerably earlier (frob and some senses of moby, for instance, go back to the Tech Model Railroad Club at MIT and are believed to date at least back to the early 1960s). The revisions of jargon-1 were all unnumbered and may be collectively considered 'Version 1'. In 1976, Mark Crispin, having seen an announcement about the File on the SAIL computer, FTPed a copy of the File to MIT. He noticed that it was hardly.
Jack (connector) - a socket. In some cases it is arbitrary which of a pair of mating connectors is the plug, and which the socket. See plug. The term jack occurs in several related terms: In the telephone jack of old-style manual telephone exchanges, which is the socket fitting the original 1/4" jack plug, also known as a phone jack. In the RJ in RJ11, RJ45 and similar which stands for registered jack, see RJ-XX. In the name RCA jack, also known as a phono jack or 1/4" phono jack. When used with a size, the term jack refers to the socket that matches the corresponding size of jack plug, as in 6.5mm jack, 6.3mm jack, 1/4" jack, 3.5mm jack, miniature jack, 2.5mm jack, subminiature jack, and similarly for non-standard sizes. A headphone jack.
Jet - by discharge through an orifice into free space. Since gas is a compressible fluid, the velocity attained by a jet of gas cannot be determined by Bernoulli's principle. Instead, if one uses adiabatic expansion from P1 to P2 in a properly shaped nozzle, the ideal velocity of a gas jet is: v = 8×√((RT1/z)×(1-(P2/P1)z)) where R and z are characteristics of the gas, R being the common gas constant and z being (cp-cv)/cp, where the c's are the specific heat at constant pressure and constant volume, respectively. z = 0.286 for air under 500 °C. z = 0.23 to 0.28 for most combustion products of fuels. T1 is the absolute temperature at pressure P1. The term jet is also an abbreviation for jet engine or jet aircraft. Jet is commonly used.
Jerboa - to the hopping mice of Australia or the kangaroo rats of North America, all three groups have evolved a similar set of adaptations to life in the deep desert. Jerboas are nocturnal. During the heat of the day, they shelter in burrows. Between them, the 30-odd species make four separate types of burrow: two temporary, and two permanent. The temporary burrows are plain tubes: those used to escape from predators during the night are just 10 to 20 cm deep, unsealed and not camouflaged; the temporary daytime burrows are well-hidden and sealed with a plug of sand to keep heat out and moisture in, and are 20 to 50 cm long. Permanent burrows are also sealed and camouflaged, and often have multipe entrances. They are much more elaborate structures with a.
Jetboat - in the water behind the boat, a jetboat draws the water from under the boat into an impeller pump, known as a jet unit, inside the boat then expels it through a nozzle at the stern. Steering is accomplished by small vanes that direct the water jet in the direction the boat needs to go. Because of this the jetboat is highly maneuverable and can often be reversed and brought to a stop within its own length from full speed in a maneuver known as a jetboat turn. By analogy to aircraft, a conventional screw propellor accelerates a large volume of water by a small amount, in a manner similar to the way an aeroplane's propellor accelerates a large volume of air by a small amount. An aircraft's jet engine, by.
Jet d'Eau - 10 km altitude. 500 liters of water per second are jetted to an altitude of 140 metres by two groups of pumps, operating on 500 kW / 2,400 V electricity. The water leaves the nozzle at an amazing speed of 200 km/h. When it is in operation, at any given moment, there are about 2,000 litres of water in the air. The fountain, which operates all day in summer, and at certain daytime hours during the fall and spring, is shut down entirely in winter because of frosty weather conditions. In summer evening hours it is lit by 13.5 kW of light in the evening. The Jet d'Eau fountain in Geneva, Switzerland.
Viking 1 - its aeroshell separated from the orbiter on July 20 08:51 UT. At the time of separation, the lander was orbiting at about 4 km/s. After separation rockets fired to begin lander deorbit. After a few hours at about 300 km altitude, the lander was reoriented for entry. The aeroshell with its ablatable heat shield slowed the craft as it plunged through the atmosphere. During this time, entry science experiments were performed. At 6 km altitude at about 250 m/s the 16 m diameter lander parachutes were deployed. Seven seconds later the aeroshell was jettisoned, and 8 seconds after that the three lander legs were extended. In 45 seconds the parachute had slowed the lander to 60 m/s. At 1.5 km altitude, retro-rockets were ignited and fired until landing 40 seconds later.
Viking 2 - in a 302 x 33176 km orbit and turned off on 25 July 1978 after returning almost 16,000 images in 706 orbits around Mars. The lander and its aeroshell separated from the orbiter on 3 September 19:39:59 UT. At the time of separation, the lander was orbiting at about 4 km/s. After separation rockets fired to begin lander deorbit. After a few hours, at about 300 km altitude, the lander was reoriented for entry. The aeroshell with its ablatable heat shield slowed the craft as it plunged through the atmosphere. During this time, entry science experiments were performed. At 6 km altitude at about 250 m/s the 16 m diameter lander parachutes were deployed. Seven seconds later the aeroshell was jettisoned, and 8 seconds after that the three lander legs were.
