Plutarch - Plutarch Plutarch (c.45-c.125) was a Greek historian. Born at Chaeronea, in the Greek region of Boeotia, probably during the reign of the Roman Emperor Claudius, Mestrius Plutarch travelled widely in the Mediterranean world, later lecturing at Rome for an extended period and making friends with influential persons at Rome, to whom some of his later writings were dedicated. Among these were Soscius Senecio and Fundanus, important members of the Senate whom Plutarch regarded as patrons and friends. Returning to Chaeronea, he was initiated into the mysteries of the Greek god Apollo. However his duties as one of the two priests of Apollo at the Oracle of Delphi (where he was responsible for interpreting the auguries of the Pythia or priestess/oracle) apparently occupied little of his time.
Jacques Amyot - he was recommended to Marguerite de Valois, and through her influence was made professor of Greek and Latin at Bourges. Here he translated Theagene et Charidée from Heliodorus (1547 fol.), for which he was rewarded by Francis I with the abbey of Bellozane. He was thus enabled to go to Italy to study the Vatican text of Plutarch, on the translation on whose Lives (1559; 1565) he had been some time engaged. On the way he turned aside on a mission to the council of Trent. Returning home, he was appointed tutor to the sons of Henry II, by one of whom (Charles IX) he was afterwards made grand almoner (1561) and by the other (Henry III) was appointed, in spite of his plebeian origin, commander of the order of the.
John Pentland Mahaffy - Menander (4th ed., 1903); The Silver Age of the Greek World (1906); The Empire of the Ptolemies (1896); Greek Life and Thought from Alexander to the Roman Conquest (2nd ed., 1896); The Greek World under Roman Sway from Polybius to Plutarch (1890). His translation of Kuno Fischer's Commentary on Kant (1866) and his own exhaustive analysis, with elucidations, of Kant's critical philosophy are of great value. He also edited the Petrie papyri in the Cunningham Memoirs (vols. 1891—1905). This entry was originally from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica..
József Bajza - of his own poems. In 1837 he was made director of the newly established national theatre at Pest. He then, for some years, devoted himself to historical writing, and published in succession the Historical Library (Történeti Könyvtár), 6 vols., 1843-1845; the Modern Plutarch (Uj Plutarch), 1845-1847; and the Universal History (Világtörténet), 1847. These works are to some extent translations from German authors. In 1847 Bajza edited the journal of the opposition, Ellenor, at Leipzig, and in March 1848 Lajos Kossuth made him editor of his paper, Kossuth Hirlapja. In 1850 he was attacked with brain disease and he died in Pest in 1858..
John Potter - about 1674. At the age of fourteen he entered University College, Oxford, and in 1693 he published notes on Plutarch's De audiendis poetis and Basil's Oratio ad juvenes. In 1694 he was elected fellow of Lincoln College, and in 1697 his edition of Lycophron appeared. It was followed by his Arckaeologia graeca (2 vols. 8vo, 1697—1798), the popularity of which endured till the advent of Dr William Smith's dictionaries. A reprint of his Lycophron in 1702 was dedicated to Graevius, and the Antiquities was afterwards published in Latin in the Thesaurus of Gronovius. Besides holding several livings he became, in 1704, chaplain to Archbishop Tenison, and shortly afterwards was made chaplain-in-ordinary to Queen Anne. From 1708 he was regius professor of divinity and canon of Christ Church, Oxford; and from 1715.
Joseph de Maistre - had used it to foster the doctrines of the eighteenth-century philosophers. The crimes of the Reign of Terror were the punishment thus merited. In connection with this work must be mentioned a little book composed in 1809, under the title "Essai sur le principe générateur des constitutions politiques et des autres institutions humaines". Its main idea is that constitutions are not the artificial products of the study but come in due time and under suitable circumstances from God, who slowly brings them to maturity. After the appearance in 1816 of the treatise "Sur les délais de la justice divine dans la punition des coupables", translated from Plutarch, Maistre published in 1819 his masterpiece "Du Pape". The work is divided into four parts. In the first he argues that in the Church.
John Home - Falkirk (1746). With many others he was carried to the castle of Doune in Perthshire, but soon escaped. In July 1746 Home was presented to the parish of Athelstaneford, Haddingtonshire, left vacant by the death of Robert Blair. He had leisure to visit his friends and became especially intimate with David Home who belonged to the same family as himself. His first play, Agis: a tragedy, founded on Plutarch's narrative, was finished in 1747. He took it to London and submitted it to David Garrick for representation at Drury Lane, but it was rejected as unsuitable for the stage. The tragedy of Douglas was suggested to him by hearing a lady sing the ballad of Gil Morrice or Child Maurice (FJ Child, Popular Ballads, ii. 263). The ballad supplied him with.
Julius Caesar - Roman Republic and the dawn of the Roman Empire under Caesar's grand-nephew and posthumously adopted son, Caesar Augustus. Caesar's military campaigns are known in detail from his own written Commentaries (Commentarii), and many details of his life are recorded by later historiographers like Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, Mestrius Plutarch, and Lucius Cassius Dio. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early life 2 Caesar's cursus honorum 3 The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War 4 The Civil War 5 The Literary Caesar 6 The Military Caesar 7 Caesar's Name 8 Caesar's Marriages and Offspring 9 Chronology 10 Related topics 11 External Links 12 References Early life Caesar was born in Rome to a well-known patrician family (gens Julia) which supposedly traced its ancestry to Julus, the son of the Trojan prince Aeneas, who according.
Julius Caesar (play) - of his ways. As they prepare for war with Mark Antony and Caesar's great-nephew, Octavian, Caesar's ghost appears with a warning of defeat. In the course of the battle, Brutus and Cassius die, but the play ends with a tribute to Brutus, who has remained true to his own beliefs throughout. There are also hints at friction between Mark Antony and Octavian, preparing the audience for another of Shakespeare's Roman plays, Antony and Cleopatra. Julius Caesar was first published in the First Folio in 1623. The play's source was Sir Thomas North's translation of Plutarch's Lives. A Swiss traveller in London, Thomas Platter, recorded seeing a performance of a play about Julius Caesar on September 21, 1599. He also reports the actors dancing a jig at the end of the play,.
Julia Caesaris - again admitted in the Imperial family. Augustus never forgave her and in his will he explicitly excluded her to be buried in his Mausoleum and ordered to remain confined to an Italian city. Tiberius, who still detested her, pulled the punishment forward and ordered that she could not leave one room and see nobody. Later, Caligula, who loathed the idea of being grand-son of the up-start Agrippa, invented that his mother Agrippina was the product of an incestuous union between Julia and Augustus. Caesar's daughter Julia Caesaris was the only child of Julius Caesar, born from his first marriage with Cornelia Cinna. In April 59 BC, Caesar married his daughter to Pompey, although she was promised to Faustus Cornelius Sulla (Sulla's heir). The motives were purely political, as both men needed.
Ibycus - them to avenge his death. The murderers betook themselves to Corinth, and soon after, while sitting in the theatre, saw the cranes hovering above. One of them, either in alarm or jest, exclaimed, "Behold the avengers of Ibycus," and thus gave the clue to the detection of the crime (Plutarch, De Garrulitate, xiv.). The phrase, "the cranes of Ibycus," passed into a proverb among the Greeks for the discovery of crime through divine intervention. According to Suidas, Ibycus wrote seven books of lyrics, to some extent mythical and heroic, but mainly erotic (Cicero, Tusc. Disp. iv. 33), celebrating the charms of beautiful youths and girls. FG Welcker suggests that they were sung by choruses of boys at the "beauty competitions" held at Lesbos. Although the metre and dialect are Dorian, the.
Iktinos - in Athens, Greece. Little is known about the life of Iktinos, most contemporary information being based on the writings of Plutarch. Iktinos is also believed to have designed the temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae, the first known use of a Corinthian column, and also the Telesterion shrine of Eleusis. The artist Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres painted a scene showing Iktinos together with the lyric poet Pindar - the painting is known as Pindar and Ictinus and is exhibited at the National Gallery, London. References F. E. Winter (1980) "Tradition and innovation in Doric design: the work of Iktinos" in American Journal of Archaeology, Issue 4, pp 399 - 416. See also: Kallikrates.
Hesiod - his brother Perses over their inheritance. However, some scholars have argued that Perses is a literary creation, a foil for the moralizing of the Works and Days. Another biographical detail Hesiod mentions is a poetry contest at Chalcis where he was awarded a tripod by the sons of one Amiphidamas (ll.654-662). Plutarch was the first to state that this was an interpolation into Hesiod's original work, based on his identification of Amiphidamas with the hero of the Lelantine War between Chalcis and Eretria, which occurred around 705 BC. This contest was the inspiration for the later tale of a competition between hesiod and Homer. Two different, yet early, traditions record the site of his grave. One, as early as Thucydides, states that Hesiod had been warned by an oracle that he.
Helen - other suitors to fulfill their oaths, thus beginning the Trojan War. Virtually all of Greece took part, either attacking Troy with Menelaus or defending it from them. Helen's relationship with Paris varies depending on the source of the story. In some, she loved him dearly (perhaps caused by Aphrodite, who had promised her to Paris). In others, she was a cruel, selfish woman who brought disaster to everyone around her, and she hated him. One version claims Hermes fashioned a likeness of her out of clouds at Zeus' request, and Helen never even went to Troy. When Paris died in the war, his brother, Deiphobus, married Helen. He was then killed by Menelaus. Helen returned to Sparta with Menelaus. After Menelaus' death, Helen was exiled by their son, Megapenthes. This is.
Hephaestion - younger sister as a wife to Hephaestion, making him his brother-in-law. In the autumn of 324 BC, Alexander's army was stationed in the city of Hamadan for the winter. Hephaestion fell sick during the games that were being held for the court and died a week later. Described symptoms are compatible with typhoid fever, but the possibility of poisoning was never ruled out. As Alexander's favourite and intimate friend, his political enemies must have abounded. Whatever the cause, Alexander is reported to have gone mad with grief, shaving his head, as well as the manes of the army horses, cancelling all the festivities, and, legend says, crucifying the attending doctor. He set out immediately for Babylon with the body, where he held fabulous funeral games in his memory. It was determined.
History of philosophy - Ionic Presocratic, possibly a pupil of Anaximander. Heraclitus (540-480 BC), Presocratic philosopher of flux. Pythagoras (570-497 BC), philosopher-mathematician based in Italy. Theano (fl. 6th cent. BC), female philosopher, pupil of Pythagoras and later his wife. Xenophanes (570-475 BC), Presocratic philosopher-poet pre-empting the Eleatic school. Parmenides (510-440 BC), Eleatic philosopher of being. Anaxagoras (500-428 BC), Presocratic, the first philosopher known to have been based in Athens. Diogenes of Apollonia (fl. 5th cent. BC), Ionian Presocratic philosopher. Empedocles (493-433 BC), Presocratic philosopher and cosmologist. Zeno of Elea (fl. 5th cent. BC), Eleatic philosopher famous for his paradoxes of motion. Leucippus (fl. 5th cent. BC), Presocratic philosopher, founder of atomism. Protagoras (485-415 BC), Sophist famous for his relativism. Hippias (485-415 BC), Sophist. Gorgias (483-376 BC), Sophist and teacher of rhetoric. Antiphon (480-411 BC), Orator.
Hierocles of Alexandria - c. AD 430. He studied under the celebrated Neoplatonist Plutarch at Athens, and taught for some years in his native city. He seems to have been banished from Alexandria and to have taken up his abode in Constantinople, where he gave such offence by his religious opinions that he was thrown into prison and cruelly flogged. The only complete work of his which has been preserved is the commentary on the Carmina Aurea of Pythagoras. It enjoyed a great reputation in middle age and Renaissance times, and there are numerous translations in various European languages. Several other writings, especially one on providence and fate, a consolatory treatise dedicated to his patron Olympiodorus of Thebes, are quoted or referred to by Photius and Stobaeus. The collection of some 260 witticisms, attributed to.
Hierarchy of the demons - Mediaeval or Renaissance earthly kingdom, and this shows the imagination of those authors that assigned titles of nobility to some demons that even had attendants, dividing the rest in legions. Perhaps the division in legions was inspired by Mark 5:9, when a demon was asked his name and answered "Legion, because we are many". The word 'legion' could have inspired the military hierarchy, and the fact that Satan was called Prince of this World more than once (i.e. in John 12:31 and 14:30) could have inspired the conception of the hellish nobility. More, theoretically physicians are not necessary in Hell, being demons spiritual entities. This idea seems to have been inspired by the story of the angel Raphael, "God's medicine", healing Tobias in the apocryphal Book of Tobit, but Raphael was.
History of anti-Semitism - Contra Apion) 175 BCE-165 BCE Antiochus Epiphanes sacks Jerusalem, calls Judaism "inimical to humanity", prohibits brit milah, confiscates copies of Torah and erects an altar to Zeus in the Second Temple after plundering it. He is eventually expelled by the Maccabees, who were led by Judas Maccabeus. Jews celebrate Hanukkah in commemoration of their victory. 2nd century BCE: Mnaseas of Patros, a Greek author, reports that the Jews worship a donkey's head in the Holy of Holies. (Repeated by Apollonius Molon, Democritus, Apion, Plutarch, Tacitus) 59 BCE Cicero denounces Judaism as barbara superstitio, describes Jews as people born to be slaves. 66-73 Great Jewish Revolt against the Romans is crushed by Vespasian and Titus Flavius. Titus refuses to accept a wreath of victory, as there is "no merit in vanquishing people.
Ugo Foscolo - produced by that shock is reflected in the Letters of Jacopo Ortis (1798), a species of political Werther,--for the hero of Foscolo embodies the mental sufferings and suicide of an undeceived Italian patriot just as the hero of Goethe places before us the too delicate sensitiveness embittering and at last cutting short the life of a private German scholar. The story of Foscolo, like that of Goethe, had a groundwork of melancholy fact. Jacopo Ortis had been a real personage; he was a young student of Padua, and committed suicide there under circumstances akin to those described by Foscolo. At this period Foscolo's mind appears to have been. only too familiar with the thought of suicide. Cato and the many classical examples of self-destruction scattered through the pages of Plutarch appealed.
