Politics of Italy - Politics of Italy Italy has been a democratic republic since June 2, 1946, when the monarchy was abolished by popular referendum (see Birth of the Italian Republic). The constitution was promulgated on January 1, 1948. The Italian State is highly centralized, with a central state authority (the Government), 20 regions and about a hundred provinces. The prefect of each of the provinces is appointed by and answerable to the central government, which he locally represents. The national constitution provides for 20 regions with limited governing powers. Five regions (Sardinia, Sicily, Trentino-Alto Adige, Valle d'Aosta, and Friuli-Venezia Giulia) have special autonomy statutes. The other 15 regions were established in 1970 and vote for regional "councils." The establishment of regional governments throughout Italy has brought some decentralization to.
Italy - Italy Alternate uses: Italy (disambiguation) The Italian Republic or Italy is a country in the south of Europe, consisting mainly of a boot-shaped peninsula together with two large islands in the Mediterranean Sea: Sicily and Sardinia. To the north it is bound by the Alps, where it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. The independent countries of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves of Italian territory. Repubblica Italiana (In Detail) National motto: None Official language Italian (+ German and Ladin in South Tyrol, Slovenian in Friuli-Venezia Giulia and French in Valle d'Aosta.) Capital Rome Largest City Rome President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi Area - Total - % water Ranked 69th 301,230 km² 2.4% Population - Total (2002) - Density Ranked 22nd.
History of Italy - History of Italy Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The Romans 2 The Middle Ages and the Renaissance 3 Foreign domination 4 Italian unification 5 The World Wars 6 Birth of the Italian Republic 7 Recent history The Romans Greeks settled in the southern tip of the Italian peninsula in the eighth and seventh centuries B.C.; Etruscans, Romans, and others inhabited the central and northern mainland. The peninsula subsequently was unified under the Roman Republic. After the victory in the Punic wars against the rival city of Carthage, the neighboring islands also came under Roman control by the third century B.C.; in the first century A.D. the roman state effectively dominated the Mediterranean world but was subject to several civil wars, leading to the transformation into the Roman.
2002 in politics - 2002 in politics Years in politics: 2000-2001-2002-2003-2004 - list of years in politics Events January 1- Eduardo Duhalde is appointed President of Argentina. He appoints Jorge Capitanich as cabinet chief, Carlos Ruckauf as foreign minister; Felipe Solá becomes governor of Buenos Aires. January 1- Safet Halilovic becomes President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. January 1- Manuel Andrade Díaz takes office as governor of Tabasco. Janyary 1- Kaspar Villiger becomes president of Switzerland; Pascal Corminboeuf becomes president of the Council of State of Fribourg; Claudio Lardi president of the government of Graubünden; Anita Rion president of the government of Jura; Ulrich Fässler Schultheiss of Luzern; Herbert Bühl president of the government of Schaffhausen; Rolf Ritschard Landammann of Solothurn; and Francine Jeanprêtre president of the Council of.
Cinema of Italy - Cinema of Italy The history of Italian cinema began a just few months after the Lumière brothers had discovered it, and it was precisely with a few seconds of film in which Pope Leo XIII was blessing the camera. Italian industry was born between 1903 and 1908 with three companies: the roman Cines, the Ambrosio of Turin and the Itala Film. Other companies would soon have followed in Milan and in Naples. In a short time these first companies reached a fair producing quality and films were soon sold outside Italy too. One of the first filoni (sub-genres) regarded the historical movies: the first work is Filoteo Alberini's La presa di Roma, 20 settembre 1870 (The Capture of Rome, September 20, 1870), of 1905. Other films described.
Regions of Italy - Regions of Italy Regions of Italy Provisions for at least some degree of regional autonomy were made in the 1948 constitution. However, five regions (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily, Trentino-South Tyrol, and Aosta Valley) have been granted greater autonomy on cultural grounds. Each region has an elected council and a Giunta Regionale (executive committee) headed by a president. The Giunta is responsible to the council and is required to resign if it fails to retain the council's confidence. Government is thus analogous to the national government in structure. Provincial and communal governments follow similar principles: councils and giunte headed by provincial presidents or communal mayors. Regional autonomy has been made an issue in Italian politics in recent years, no doubt aided by the emergence of parties such as.
Politics of Côte d'Ivoire - Politics of Côte d'Ivoire Government Côte d'Ivoire's 1959 constitution provides for strong presidency within the framework of a separation of powers. The executive is personified in the president, elected for a five-year term. The president is commander in chief of the armed forces, may negotiate and ratify certain treaties, and may submit a bill to a national referendum or to the National Assembly. According to the constitution, the President of the National Assembly assumes the presidency in the event of a vacancy, and he completes the remainder of the deceased president's term. The cabinet is selected by and is responsible to the president. Changes are being proposed to some of these provisions, to extend term of office to 7 years, establish a senate, and make president.
Politics of Ireland - Politics of Ireland Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Government 2 Northern Ireland 3 Miscellaneous 4 Related topics Government The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign, independent, democratic state with a parliamentary system of government. The President of Ireland, who serves as chief of state in a largely ceremonial role, is elected for a 7-year term and can be re-elected only once. In carrying out certain constitutional powers and functions, the president is aided by the Council of State, an advisory body. On the Taoiseach's (prime minister's) advice, the president also dissolves the Dáil Éireann (lower house of Parliament. The Upper house, the Senate (Seanad Éireann) is not dissolved. Its term expires naturally after a set period after the holding of a Dáil dissolution.) A president may.
Karl Korsch - law, economics and philosophy. He acquired a Doctorate at Jena in 1910. From 1917 to 1933 he was active in leftwing politics in Germany, leaving on the night Hitler burned down the Reichstag. He and his wife settled in the USA in 1936, teaching at Tulane University, New Orleans, and working at the International Institute of Social Research, New York. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Political development 2 Philosophy 3 Influence Political development Korsch studied in London between 1912 and 1914, becoming a member of the Fabian Society there. At this time he also married the person who would have lifelong involvement in his theoretical work, Hedda Gagliardi. Korsch's wartime experiences in Germany radicalised him, especially the ferment within the leftwing parties of Germany following the Russian revolution. Uprisings such as.
Kitsch - was in Romanticism, which wasn't kitsch itself but which opened the door for kitsch taste, by emphasizing the need for expressive and evocative art work. Academic art, which continued this tradition Romanticism, has a twofold reason for its association with kitsch. It isn't that it was found to be accessible--in fact, it was under its reign that the difference between "high art" and "low art" was first defined by intellectuals. Academic art strove towards remaining in a tradition rooted in the aesthetic and intellectual experience. Intellectual and aesthetic qualities of the work were certainly there--good examples of Academic art were even admired by the avant garde artists who would rebel against it. There was some critique, however, that in being "too beautiful" and democratic it made art look easy, non-involving and.
Konstantine Gamsakhurdia - from the Berlin University (Germany). In 1918 he was member of the Board of the Constituent Society of the Tbilisi State University and in 1920-1924 Associate Professor of German literature of this University. In 1918-1919 Gamsakhurdia was the 1st Secretary of the Embassy of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in Germany, in 1920 - Plenipotentiary Envoy of DRG in Italy. In 1912-1919 about 30 papers of Gamsakhurdia were published in the German Press. In Germany were published Gamsakhurdia's 2 books in German: "The Caucasus and the World War" (Weimar, 1916) and "The Oriental Politics of England and Russia" (Berlin, 1917). Gamsakhurdia was also one of leaders of the National-Liberation movement of Georgia 1921-1930's. In 1924-1925 and 1926-1928 he was jailed by GPU. Konstantine Gamsakhurdia was author of outstanding Georgian novels ("The.
James Henry Leigh Hunt - same class, though not of the same calibre. His poem is a triumph in the art of poetical narrative, pervaded by a free, cheerful and animated spirit, despite the tragic nature of the subject. It has been remarked that it does not contain one hackneyed or conventional rhyme. But the writer's occasional flippancy and familiarity, often degenerating into the ludicrous, made him a target for ridicule and parody. In 1818 appeared a collection of poems entitled Foliage, followed in 1819 by Hero and Leander, and Bacchies and Ariadne. In the same year he reprinted these two works with The Story of Rimini and The Descent of Liberty with the title of Poetical Works, and started the Indicator, in which some of his best work appeared. Both Keats and Shelley belonged to.
James Gillespie Blaine - chairman of the Republican state committee in 1859, and for more than twenty years personally directed every campaign of his party. In 1862 he was elected to Congress, serving in the House thirteen years (December 1863 to December 1876), followed by a little over four years in the Senate. He was chosen speaker of the House in 1869 and served three terms. The House was the fit arena for his political and parliamentary ability. He was a ready and powerful debater, full of resource, and dexterous in controversy. The tempestuous politics of the war and reconstruction period suited his aggressive nature and constructive talent. The measures for the rehabilitation of the states that had seceded from the Union occupied the chief attention of Congress for several years, and Blaine bore a.
James Russell Lowell - Anti-Slavery Standard of New York, agreeing to contribute weekly either a poem or a prose article. The prose articles form a series of incisive, witty and sometimes prophetic diatribes. It was a period of great mental activity, and four books which stand as witnesses to the Lowell of 1848, namely, the second series of Poems, containing among others “Columbus,” “An Indian Summer Reverie,” “To the Dandelion,” “ The Changeling “; A Fable for Critics, in which, after the manner of Leigh Hunt’s The Feast of the Poets, he characterizes in witty verse and with good-natured satire American contemporary writers, and in which, the publication being anonymous, he included himself; The Vision of Sir Launfal, a romantic story suggested by the Arthurian legends -— one of his most popular poems; and finally.
James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope - to Spain in 1690, and obtained some knowledge of that country which was very iaseful to him in later life. A little later, however, he went to Italy where, as afterwards in Flanders, he served as a volunteer against France, and in 1695 he secured a commission in the British army. In 1701 Stanhope entered the House of Commons, but he continued his career as a soldier and was in Spain and Portugal during the earlier stages of the War of the Spanish Succession. In 1705 he served in Spain under Charles Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough, and in 1706 he was appointed British minister in Spain, but his duties were still military as well as diplomatic, and in 1708, after some differences with Peterborough, who favoured defensive measures only, he was.
James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, 10th Earl of Dalhousie - Scotland he was prepared for Harrow, where he entered in 1825. Two years later he was removed from school, his entire education being entrusted to the Rev. Mr Temple, incumbent of a quiet parish in Staffordshire. To this gentleman he referred in later days as having taught him all he knew, and to his training he must have owed those habits of regularity and that indomitable industry which marked his adult life. In October 1829 he passed on to Christ Church, Oxford, where he worked fairly hard, won some distinction, and made many lifelong friends. His studies, however, were so greatly interrupted by the protracted illness and death in 1832 of his only surviving brother, that Lord Ramsay, as he then became, had to content himself with entering for a pass.
Jean Charles Leonard de Sismondi - commerce rather than literature, and he became a banker's clerk at Lyons. Then the Revolution broke out, and as it affected Geneva the Simonde family took refuge in England, where they stayed for eighteen months (1793-1794). Disliking, it is said, the climate, they returned to Geneva, but found the state of affairs still unfavourable; there is even a legend that the head of the family was reduced to sell milk himself in the town. The greater part of the family property was sold, and with the proceeds they emigrated to Italy, bought a small farm at Pescia near Lucca, and set to work to cultivate it themselves. Sismoridi worked hard here, both with his hands and his mind, and his experiences gave him the material of his first book, Tableau de.
Jean-Baptiste Jourdan - force the passage of the Sambre had failed and several severe general actions had been fought without result, Jourdan and his army were discouraged, but Carnot and the civil commissioners urged the general to a last effort, and this time he was successful not only in crossing the Sambre but in winning a brilliant victory at Fleurus (June 26, 1794), the consequence of which was the extension of the French sphere of influence to the Rhine, on which river he waged an indecisive campaign in 1795. In 1796 his army formed the left wing of the advance into Bavaria. The whole of the French forces were ordered to advance on Vienna, Jourdan on the extreme left and Moreau in the centre by the Danube valley, Bonaparte on the right by Italy.
Jean Alesi - of the season all the top teams were clammering for his services in 1991. Alesi let his heart rule his head, and chose Ferrari, who had just begun a downturn in form. In 4 years at the Italian marque he gained little except the passionate devotion of the Tifosi, who loved his emotional, aggressive style. When Michael Schumacher joined Ferrari in 1996, Alesi swapped places with him, joining the champion Benetton team, who, again, were beginning to experience a lull in form. After 2 seasons and internal politics, Alesi left. In his final years in the sport, Alesi drove for midfield teams Sauber, Alain Prost and Jordan, gaining the odd podium, often in the wet where he excelled. Flamboyant, extroverted and emotional, Jean Alesi promised a great deal but never really.
Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès - trial proceeded, he voted with the majority which declared Louis to be guilty, but recommended that the penalty should be postponed until it could ratified by a legislative body. In 1793 Cambacérès became a member of the Committee of General Defence, but was not a member of its famous successor, the Committee of Public Safety, until the end of 1794, after the Reign of Terror had ended. In the meantime he worked on much of the legislation of the revolutionary period. During 1795 he was also employed as a diplomat, and negotiated peace with Spain. Cambacérès was considered too conservative to be one of the five Directors who took power in the coup of 1795, and finding himself in opposition to the Directorate he retired from politics. In 1799, however, as.
