Politics of Pakistan - Politics of Pakistan The Pakistan Constitution of 1973, amended substantially in 1985 under Muhammad Zia ul-Haq, was suspended by the military government on October 12, 1999. Pervez Musharraf has committed to return Pakistan to democratic, civilian rule but the implications of his promised structural reforms on the country's previous parliamentary system are unknown. Under the Provisional Constitutional Order and its amendments, all power flows from and to the Chief Executive, who also holds the posts of Chief of Army Staff and Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Judiciary is proscribed from issuing any order contrary to the decisions of the Chief Executive, and the President, Cabinet, National Security Council, and Governors serve at his discretion. In practice, Musharraf consults extensively with his civilian appointees and Corps.
Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan - Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan Federally Administered Tribal Areas are areas of Pakistan outside any of the four provinces. Neighbouring regions are: Afghanistan to the west, North-West Frontier to the north, Punjab to the east and Balochistan to the south. The area is 27,220 km². See also: North-West Frontier, Pakistan, List of capitals of subnational entities, Balochistan, Pakistan, Politics of Pakistan, Punjab, Pakistan.
2002 in politics - 2002 in politics Years in politics: 2000-2001-2002-2003-2004 - list of years in politics Events January 1- Eduardo Duhalde is appointed President of Argentina. He appoints Jorge Capitanich as cabinet chief, Carlos Ruckauf as foreign minister; Felipe Solá becomes governor of Buenos Aires. January 1- Safet Halilovic becomes President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. January 1- Manuel Andrade Díaz takes office as governor of Tabasco. Janyary 1- Kaspar Villiger becomes president of Switzerland; Pascal Corminboeuf becomes president of the Council of State of Fribourg; Claudio Lardi president of the government of Graubünden; Anita Rion president of the government of Jura; Ulrich Fässler Schultheiss of Luzern; Herbert Bühl president of the government of Schaffhausen; Rolf Ritschard Landammann of Solothurn; and Francine Jeanprêtre president of the Council of.
Pakistan - Pakistan A new page based on the new template is being worked on at Pakistan/Temp, please make any changes you want to make on that page. The Islamic Republic of Pakistan, given this name in the constitution of 1956, is a nation in south-central Asia bordering Iran, Afghanistan, China, India, and the Arabian Sea. Pakistan is home to around 140 million people, most of whom are Muslim, which is the state religion. Although the port city of Karachi was capital, the current capital of Pakistan is the city of Islamabad. Islamic Republic of Pakistan ''' coat of arms (In Detail) ''National motto: "none" Official languages English,Urdu Capital Islamabad President Pervez Musharraf Prime Minister Zafarullah Khan Jamali Area - Total - % water Ranked 34th 803,940 km².
Pakistan People's Party - Pakistan People's Party The Pakistan People's Party is a political party in Pakistan. It is led by Benazir Bhutto, and is the largest party in the Parliament of Pakistan. The party was founded in 1967, and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became its first chairman. See also: Politics of Pakistan, List of political parties in Pakistan. External Links Official site.
Pakistan Muslim League (N) - Pakistan Muslim League (N) The Pakistan Muslim League (N) is a political party in Pakistan. It is led by Nawaz Sharif. It was Pakistan Muslim League, founded in 1962, and gained the (Nawaz) or (N) in 1993 for its leader, Nawaz Sharif. A Pakistan Muslim League (Q) split from it in 2001, and there are various other parties with similar names. See also: Politics of Pakistan, List of political parties in Pakistan. External Links Official site.
Pakistan Muslim League (Q) - Pakistan Muslim League (Q) The Pakistan Muslim League (Q) is a political party in Pakistan. It was formed in 2001 as a split from the Pakistan Muslim League (N), and supports General Musharraff. See also: Politics of Pakistan, List of political parties in Pakistan..
Politics of Afghanistan - Politics of Afghanistan The politics of Afghanistan are complex and confusing. Almost two years after the former Taliban regime was overthrown in a U.S.-led invasion, Afghanistan remains in many ways a coherent state in name only. President Hamid Karzai is said to govern the capital and not much else in Afghanistan. The country remains very unstable, with Taliban forces on the resurgence and various warlords looking to maintain or increase their regional and ethnic power bases. There is no new constitution, with the Afghan Constitutional Commission failing to meet its September 1, 2003, deadline for releasing a draft, and many critics wondering how a consultation process that took place before a draft was released could even be called a consultation. The United Nations and other organizations.
Politics of Bangladesh - Politics of Bangladesh The president of Bangladesh, while chief of state, holds a largely ceremonial post; the real power is held by the prime minister, who is head of government. The president is elected by the legislature (Parliament) every 5 years. The president's normally circumscribed powers are substantially expanded during the tenure of a caretaker government. (Under the 13th Amendment, which the Parliament passed in March 1996, a caretaker government assumes power temporarily to oversee general elections after dissolution of the Parliament.) In the caretaker government, the president has control over the Ministry of Defense, the authority to declare a state of emergency, and the power to dismiss the Chief Advisor and other members of the caretaker government. Once elections have been held and a new.
List of politics by country articles - List of politics by country articles List of politics by country articles See also: List by country Politics of Afghanistan Politics of Albania Politics of Algeria Politics of American Samoa Politics of Andorra Politics of Angola Politics of Anguilla Politics of Antigua and Barbuda Politics of Argentina Politics of Armenia Politics of Aruba Politics of Australia Politics of Austria Politics of Azerbaijan Politics of the Bahamas Politics of Bahrain Politics of Bangladesh Politics of Barbados Politics of Belarus Politics of Belgium Politics of Belize Politics of Benin Politics of Bermuda Politics of Bhutan Politics of Bolivia Politics of Botswana Politics of Brazil Politics of the British Virgin Islands Politics of Brunei Politics of Bulgaria Politics of Burkina Faso Politics of Burundi Politics of Cambodia Politics of Cameroon.
Kerry Nettle - the University of New South Wales, where she obtained a degree in environmental science and was active in student politics. She worked as office coordinator for The Greens (NSW) and then as a youth worker. She joined the Australian Greens in 1998 and was elected to the Australian Senate for New South Wales in November 2001, joining Senator Bob Brown. Nettle is a social radical as well as an environmentalist. She believes in Government ownership of essential services, which include banking, airlines, telecommunications, health and education and other areas privatised in the last two decades in Australia. She argues that private ownership of these assets is "social theft." She is probaly the most left-wing member of the Australian Parliament. When United States President George W. Bush visited Canberra on 23 October.
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan - use violence. I shall not retaliate or take revenge, and shall forgive anyone who indulges in oppression and excesses against me.” Also known as the “Red Shirts”, the organization recruited over 100,000 members and became legendary in opposing (and dying) at the hands of the British controlled police and army. Through strikes, political organization and non-violent opposition, the Khudai Khidmatgar was able to achieve some temporary success and came to dominate the politics of the North West Frontier Province (now a part of Pakistan) from 1930 until 1947. Although Ghaffar Khan was a champion of woman’s rights and non-violence, he became a hero in a society dominated by violence and machismo. Notwithstanding his liberal views, his unswerving faith and obvious bravery led to his recognition as the Badshah Khan – the.
Jawaharlal Nehru - independence on August 15, 1947, holding the office until his death. The son of prominent Congress leader Motilal Nehru, he returned from education in England to practise law before following his father into politics, emerging as a protege of Mahatma Gandhi and entering the first rank in Indian nationalist politics as president of Congress (an annual post) for the first time in 1929. Imprisoned for 32 months after the Quit India movement of 1942, Nehru formed the country's first Indian government in July 1946 in the face of mounting opposition from the All-India Muslim League, whose campaign for a separate state led to the creation of a separate Pakistan in 1947. As prime minister, Nehru pursued a foreign policy of non-alignment while pusuing India's claim to Kashmir in the face of.
Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity - Close[1] Correspondence 7 February 2003: VIPS MEMORANDUM sent to President George Walker Bush (published in Common Dreams). 15 February 2003: VIPS: "CIA says NO. U.S. Intelligence Officers Say Bush Out of His Mind on Iraq War" by Ray McGovern for NowToronto.com. 16 March 2003: VIPS MEMORANDUM: "Memorandum for Confused Americans. Cooking Intelligence for War" posted at LI Politics Message Board Forum by Ray McGovern: Appended and translated March 6, 2003, transcript from German Channel One's Panorama interview with former CIA officers, including Ray McGovern and David MacMichael, "to discuss the use/abuse of intelligence to support the US administration's case for attacking Iraq." 18 March 2003: VIPS "Memo to the President: Forgery, Hyperbole, Half-Truth: A Problem" posted Timothy D. O'Hare on March 20, 2003 -- "Veteran US Spooks Strongly Doubt Bush's Iraq.
If You're Happy and You Know It - Osama, bomb Iraq. If the markets are a drama, bomb Iraq. If the terrorists are Saudi, And your alibi is shoddy, And your tastes remain quite gaudy, Bomb Iraq. A recent, alternate version: "If You're Happy And You Know It, Bomb Iraq Redux" If you cannot find Osama, bomb Iraq. If the markets are a drama, bomb Iraq. If the terrorists are frisky, Pakistan is looking shifty, North Korea is too risky, Bomb Iraq. If we have no allies with us, bomb Iraq. If we think that someone's dissed us, bomb Iraq. So to hell with the inspections, Let's look tough for the elections, Close your mind and take directions, Bomb Iraq. It's pre-emptive non-aggression, bomb Iraq. To prevent this mass destruction, bomb Iraq. They've got weapons we can't see, And.
India - one hundred distinct languages. The Indian economy is the fourth-largest in the world, in terms of purchasing power parity. India borders Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Bhutan, Nepal and Pakistan, with Sri Lanka and the Maldives just across the Indian mainland in the Indian Ocean. The name India is derived from Sindhu, the local name for the river Indus. The Hindi word for India is Bharat (pronounced as bhaarat), derived from the Sanskrit Bharatam, meaning land of Bharata (a wise and pious king of ancient times). India was also known as Hindustan (the land of the Hindus), but this name was depopularised after independence in 1947 as India chose to be a secular country. भारत गणराज्य Bharat Ganarajya (In Detail) (In Detail) National motto: Satyameva Jayate (Sanskrit: Truth Alone Triumphs) Official language Hindi.
Indira Gandhi - consolidate her power and authority. By using her powers of appointment, she created "notoriously weak" cabinets. She created her own governing Congress (R) party following the November 1969 split within the governing Indian National Congress. Re-elected in 1971, she proceeded to boost her government's fortunes through a successful war that December against neighbouring Pakistan in East Bengal, where India's intervention enabled local separatists to crown their nine-month war of independence with the creation of the independent republic of Bangladesh. To avoid being jailed for corrupt election practices, in June 1975 she declared a state of emergency, and in her own words brought democracy "to a grinding halt". Invoking article 352 of the Indian Constitution, she granted herself extraordinary powers and launched a massive crackdown on civil liberties and political opposition. Rival.
Iran - in the southwest of Asia. It is an Islamic Republic. It was known until 1935 as Persia. The country borders Pakistan and Afghanistan to the east; Turkmenistan to northeast, the Caspian Sea in the middle north and Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest; Turkey and Iraq to the west and finally the waters of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the south. جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran (In Detail) National motto: Allahu Akbar (Arabic: "God is the greatest") Official language Persian Capital Tehran Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei President Mohammad Khatami Area - Total - % water Ranked 17th 1,648,195 km² 0.7% Population - Total (2002) - Density Ranked 18th 68,278,826 40/km² Establishment - Date Islamic Revolution April 1, 1979 Currency Rial Time zone UTC +3.30 National anthem.
Islamophobia - anti-Arab racism, though not all Arabs are Muslim and the majority of Muslims are not in fact Arab. The term itself is of recent coinage, and reflects the influence of such 1990s movements as multi-culturalism and identity politics. It most often appears in discourse on the condition of immigrant Muslims living as minorities in the West. However, its origin dates back to the Crusades. It has remained present in Europe for many centuries. Some hold that in France, one of the factors contributing to Islamophobia was France's occupation of Algeria, a Muslim nation. It is alleged that France carried out systematic human rights violations such as torture against Muslims. A factor driving Islamophobia is the rise of anti-Western Islamist movements, which have either come to power outright in some countries (Iran,.
Islamic Empires in India - northern Deccan, lasted for almost two centuries, until it fragmented into five smaller states in 1527. The Bahmani Sultanate adopted the patterns established by the Delhi overlords in tax collection and administration, but its downfall was caused in large measure by the competition and hatred between deccani (domiciled Muslim immigrants and local converts) and paradesi (foreigners or officials in temporary service). The Bahmani Sultanate initiated a process of cultural synthesis visible in Hyderabad, where cultural flowering is still expressed in vigorous schools of deccani architecture and painting. Founded in 1336, the empire of Vijayanagar (named for its capital Vijayanagar, "City of Victory," in present-day Karnataka) expanded rapidly toward Madurai in the south and Goa in the west and exerted intermittent control over the east coast and the extreme southwest. Vijayanagar rulers.
