Private voluntary organization - Private voluntary organization USAID defines private voluntary organizations as taxexempt, non-profit organizations working in, or intending to become engaged in, international development activities. These organizations receive some portion of their annual revenue from the private sector (demonstrating their private nature) and voluntary contributions of money, staff time, or in-kind support from the general public (demonstrating their voluntary nature). Many Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in international development and humanitarian aid preffer the term to NGO. NGOs typically include any private or nonprofit entity that is formed or organized independently from any national or local governmental entity. These can include for-profit firms, academic degree-granting institutions, universities and colleges, labor institutions, foundations, private voluntary organizations, and a cooperative development organizations..
Anarchism and private property - Anarchism and private property There is a great divide among the traditions of anarchism about the question of private property and economic organization. Socialists vs Capitalists Libertarian socialists consider that private property is a fiction enforced by illegitimate institutions which do not account for the needs and desires of the individuals they affect, and that beyond "personal possession" of immediate goods no property should exist. Anarcho-capitalists consider that private property emerges from natural law, and is a paradigmatic way to respect individual rights, to solve and avoid conflict, and to promote creation. Libertarian socialists propose that beyond personal possession, resources should be collectively managed, particularly capital goods used as means of economic production. The form of this collective management can vary greatly, but in all cases those.
Non-governmental organization - Non-governmental organization simple:NGO A Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) is an organization which is independent from governments and their policies. Generally, although not always, these are non-profit organizations, and gain at least a significant proportion of their funding from private sources. Because of the negative definition, (the implication that an NGO is anything that is not government), many NGOs now prefer the term Private voluntary organization (PVO). They exist for a variety of different purposes, usually to further political/social goals of their members. Some example goals improving the state of the natural environment, encourage the observance of human rights, or improve the welfare of the disadvantaged, or represent a corporate agenda, but there are a huge number of such organisations and their goals cover a broad range of political and.
Non-profit organization - Non-profit organization simple:Non-Profit A non-profit organization (often called "non-profit org" or simply "non-profit" or "not-for-profit") may be a formal incorporated not-for-profit corporation that does not have shareholders, though it may have members and issue membership certificates or require member loans. It may also be a trust or association of members. The organization may be controlled by its members who elect the Board of Directors or Board of Trustees. Not-for-proft organizations may have a delegate structure to allow for the representation of groups or corporations as members. It may be a non-membership organization and the board of directors may elect its own successors. It may have a tax exempt status or it may be a de-facto group of individuals operating for a common purpose. For example, it may comprise.
James Martineau - a manufacturer and merchant. James was educated at Norwich Grammar School under Edward Valpy, as good a scholar as his better-known brother Richard, but proved too sensitive for state school. He was sent to Bristol to the private academy of Dr Lant Carpenter, under whom he studied for two years. On leaving he was apprenticed to a civil engineer at Derby, where he acquired "a store of exclusively scientific conceptions," but also began to look to religion for mental stimulation. His "conversion" followed, and in 1822 he entered Manchester College, then at York. Here he "woke up to the interest of moral and metaphysical speculations." Of his teachers, one, the Rev. Charles Wellbeloved, was, Martineau said, "a master of the true Lardner type, candid and catholic, simple and thorough, humanly fond.
John Knox - scholar as his contemporaries George Buchanan and Alesius; nor is there evidence that he even graduated. That he was a fair Latinist, and accustomed to study, appears from the fact, which seems to be well attested, of his familiarity with the writings of St. Augustine and St. Jerome. He acquired the Greek and Hebrew languages at a later period, as his writings indicate. He was ordained to the priesthood at some date prior to 1540, when his status as a priest is first mentioned. It that in 1543 Knox had not yet divested himself of Roman orders; at any rate, in his character as a priest, he signed a notarial instrument dated Mar. 27 of that year, the original of which is still to be found in the charter-room at Tyninghame.
History of Guatemala - José Estrada Cabrera. Government was often subservient to Company interests. While the company helped with building some schools, they also stood in the way of progress, such as when they opposed building highways because this would compete with their railroad monopoly. The UFC controlled over 40% of the country's best land and the port facilities. The "Ten Years of Spring" In 1944, Gen. Jorge Ubico's dictatorship was overthrown by the "October Revolutionaries,"a group of dissident military officers, students, and liberal professionals. This started what is sometimes called The Ten Years of Spring, a period of rare free speech and political organizations, land reform, and a perception that great progress could be made in Guatemala. A civilian president, Juan Jose Arevalo, was elected in 1945 and held the presidency until 1951. Social.
U.S. false claims law (in depth) - Conclusion AN IN DEPTH DISCUSSION OF THE UNITED STATES FALSE CLAIMS ACT The U.S. False Claims Act and Qui Tam litigation Introduction The United States General Accounting Office (GAO) estimates that medical fraud and abuse approaches 10% of all health care expenditures or $100 billion dollars. To reduce this thievery, the Justice Department and private litigators have used the False Claims Act (FCA) as the fraud fighting weapon of choice. Private litigators are given standing to file civil suit on the Federal government's behalf by the FCA's qui tam, or "whistleblower" provisions. Qui tam is short for qui tam pro domino rege quam pro se ipso in hac parte sequitur or "he who brings the action for the king as well as for himself [sic]." These provisions gained renewed public attention.
High Commissioner for Human Rights - for reform of the United Nations (A/51/950, para. 79), the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Centre for Human Rights were consolidated into a single Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights as of 15 September 1997. Functions and organization The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: (a) Promotes universal enjoyment of all human rights by giving practical effect to the will and resolve of the world community as expressed by the United Nations; (b) Plays the leading role on human rights issues and emphasizes the importance of human rights at the international and national levels; (c) Promotes international cooperation for human rights; (d) Stimulates and coordinates action for human rights throughout the United Nations system; (e) Promotes.
University of Rochester - Rochester,_New_York and founded in 1850, the University of Rochester is a private, coeducational institution. A member of the Association of American Universities, Rochester offers degree programs at the bachelor's, master's, and doctoral levels, as well as in several professional disciplines. The sports teams are called the Yellowjackets. They participate in the NCAA's Division III and in the University Athletic Association. http://www.rochester.edu The following compiled from http://www.rochester.edu/news/facts/ General description: Private, coeducational, nonsectarian President: Thomas H. Jackson, the University's ninth Principal Units River Campus College (Arts, Sciences, and Engineering): http://www.rochester.edu/college/ William E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration: http://www.ssb.rochester.edu/ Margaret Warner Graduate School of Education and Human Development: http://www.rochester.edu/Warner/ Medical Center School of Medicine and Dentistry: http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/smd/ School of Nursing: http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/SON Strong Memorial Hospital: http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/strong/welcome.htm Golisano Children's Hospital: http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/gchas/ Eastman Dental Center: http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/Dentistry/.
Greenpeace - Greenpeace Greenpeace is an organization founded in Canada in 1971 as an offshoot of the "Don't Make A Wave Committee", a group of Americans who had relocated to Vancouver to evade the American draft. In 1970, the Committee was established with the sole objective of stopping a second nuclear bomb test by the United States military in Alaska. The committee's founders and first members included: Paul Cote, law student at the University of British Columbia Jim Bohlen, deep-sea diver & radar operator in the United States Navy Irving Stowe, a Quaker and Yale University educated lawyer Patrick Moore, ecology student at the University of British Columbia Bill Darnell, social worker Darnell came up with the dynamic combination of words to bound together the group's concern for the planet.
Union of International Associations (UIA) - actions they are designed to facilitate, whether through special studies or through new uses of information. The UIA is registered under the Belgian law of 25th October 1919 as an international association with scientific aims. 3. Aims and activities Contribute to a universal order based on principles of human dignity, solidarity of peoples and freedom of communication; Facilitate the development and efficiency of non-governmental networks in every field of human activity, especially non-profit and voluntary associations, considered to be essential components of contemporary society; Collect, research and disseminate information on international bodies, both governmental and non-governmental, their interrelationships, their meetings, and problems and strategies they are dealing with; Experiment with more meaningful and action-oriented ways of presenting such information to enable these initiatives to develop and counterbalance each other creatively, and.
Education in Germany - install free universal school in the 18th century. This was an 8-year course of Volksschule and it provided what was needed in the early period of the industrialized world: reading, writing, arithmetics, but also strict morals and sense of duty, discipline and obedience. The children of the upper class and the affluent went to private schools with preparatory character for four years. The general population had practically no access to secondary education. After the Napoleonic wars, Prussia introduced the requirement for a teacher to be state-certified (1810), which helped to raise the standard of teaching significantly. In 1812 the Abitur was installed as school-leaving exam for secondary schools. When the German Empire was formed in 1871, the school system became more systematic and centralized. More secondary schools were established, as the.
Afghanistan timeline April 16-30, 2003 - that probably won't change in the foreseeable future....If you had to design an area to support an anti-government movement, you might describe an area like this....Multiple borders, extreme distances, lack of road infrastructure, high mountains, weak central government, areas where there are religious or tribal (conflicts)....It applies absolutely right here." A tractor pulling a trailer carrying Afghan villagers along a road leading to the border with Uzbekistan hit a landmine, killing two. April 28, 2003 At least 15 rebel fighters and 15 Afghan soldiers were killed in battles in the Chopan district of Zabul province, Afghanistan. U.S special forces discovered 204 tons of explosives in 17 caves near Maimana, the capital of Faryab province, Afghanistan. Amnesty International condemned a United Kingdom decision to forcibly return a group of asylum-seekers to Afghanistan..
Arthur Balfour - Cambridge. In 1874 he became Conservative M.P. for Hertford, and represented the constituency until 1885. In the spring of 1878, his uncle, Lord Salisbury, became foreign minister on the resignation of the Earl of Derby, Balfour became his private secretary. In that capacity he accompanied Salisbury to the Berlin congress, and gained his first experience of international politics in connection with the settlement of the Russo-Turkish conflict. At the same time, he became known in the world of letters, the intellectual subtlety and literary capacity of his Defence of Philosophic Doubt (1879) suggesting that he might make a reputation as a speculative thinker. Balfour divided his time between the political arena and the study. Released from his duties as private secretary by the general election of 1880, he began to take.
Club - Club This article is about clubs referring to a particular organization of people. For other article subjects named club see club (disambiguation). A club (in Greek usually: Mupia, in Latin sodalitas) consists of an association of people not united together by any natural ties of kinship, real or supposed. For modern clubs see below. This article begins with an account of Greek and Roman clubs. Such clubs occur in all ancient states of which we have any detailed knowledge, and seem to have dated in one form or another from a very early period. One may reasonably suppose, in the absence of certain information, that the rigid system of groups of kin, i.e. family, gens, phratria, etc., affording no principle of association beyond the maintenance of society as it then existed,.
Comecon - International relations within the Comecon Characteristics Seat: Moscow Full Members in the late 1980s: the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), Hungary, Romania, Poland, Cuba, the Mongolian People's Republic(Mongolia), and Vietnam. Primary documents governing the objectives, organization, and functions: the Charter of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (first adopted in 1959 and subsequently amended; all references herein are to the amended 1974 text) the Comprehensive Program for the Further Extension and Improvement of Cooperation and the Further Development of Socialist Economic Integration by the Comecon Member Countries, adopted in 1971 (see Comprehensive Program for Socialist Economic Integration) the Comprehensive Program for Scientific and Technical Progress up to the Year 2000, adopted in December 1985 Comecon served for four decades as a framework for cooperation among the.
Czechoslovakia: 1948 - 1968 - levels of society, including the Catholic Church. The ideological principles of Marxism-Leninism and socialist realism pervaded cultural and intellectual life. The entire education system was submitted to state control. The economy was committed to comprehensive central planning and the elimination of private ownership. Czechoslovakia became a satellite of the Soviet Union; it was a founding member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) in 1949 and of the Warsaw Pact in 1955. The attainment of Soviet-style "socialism" became the government's avowed policy. A new constitution was passed by the National Assembly on May 9, 1948. Because it was prepared by a special committee in the 1945-48 period, it contained many liberal and democratic provisions. It reflected, however, the reality of Communist power through an addition that discussed the dictatorship of.
Separation of church and state - direction of atheism. Those who believe that the state has religious obligations, or that it must be informed by religious values, often regard secularism as atheism. The opposite end of the spectrum from secularism is a theocracy in which a religion controls the government and the rule of law is closely tied with the interpretation of a religious texts such as the Bible or the Koran. A few nations in the Middle East such as Iran have political policies which are often directly dictated or strongly infuenced by religious leaders. Many religions, such as Catholicism and Islam, hold that one must not separate Church and State. The Catholic Church's 1983 Canon Law proclaims that "Christ's faithful are to strive to secure that in the civil society the laws which regulate the.
Politics of the Vatican City - Catholic Church. As the "central government" of the Roman Catholic Church, the Holy See has a legal personality that allows it to enter into treaties as the juridical equal of a state and to send and receive diplomatic representatives. The Holy See has formal diplomatic relations with 166 nations, including the United States. Libya, Guyana, and Angola established diplomatic relations in 1997. As formally re-defined in 1929, after the Concordato between Vatican and Italy, to administer properties belonging to the Holy See in Rome, the State of the Vatican City is recognized under international law and enters into international agreements. Unlike the Holy See, it does not receive or send diplomatic representatives. Administration of the Vatican City The Pope delegates the internal administration of the Vatican City to the Pontifical Commission.
