Project Gutenberg - Project Gutenberg Project Gutenberg (PG) was launched by Michael Hart in 1971 in order to provide a library on the Internet of free electronic versions (sometimes called e-texts) of physically existing books. The texts provided are mostly in the public domain, either because they were never under copyright, or because their copyrights have expired. There are also a few copyrighted texts that Gutenberg has made available with the authors' permission. The project was named after the 15th-century German printer Johannes Gutenberg who propelled the movable type printing press revolution. General information For the most part, Project Gutenberg concentrates on historically significant literature and reference works. The slogan of the project is "break down the bars of ignorance and illiteracy", chosen because the project hopes to continue.
Johann Gutenberg - Johann Gutenberg Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg (circa 1390s - February 3, 1468), German metal-worker and inventor, achieved fame for his contributions to the technology of printing, including a type metal alloy and oil-based inks, and a new kind of printing press based on presses used in winemaking. Tradition credits him with inventing movable type, an improvement on the block printing already in use in Europe. Gutenberg was born in Mainz as the son of a merchant named Friele Gensfleisch zu Laden, who adopted the surname "zum Gutenberg" after the name of the neighborhood into which the family had moved. Though the Chinese and Koreans knew of block printing and even movable metal types at the time, it is unclear whether Gutenberg knew of these techniques.
History of Internet encyclopedia projects - to the late 1980s when it was suggested as part of several "Millennium Projects" including the United Nations University Millennium Project. Various names were suggested including "Encyclopedia Gaia", "Encyclopedia Terra", and although these projects did not proceed very far they kept the idea alive through the early 1990s, where they began to converge with Ted Nelson's ideas about hypertext and similar proposals from K. Eric Drexler. In 1993, a project called Interpedia was being discussed; it was planned as an encyclopedia on the Internet to which everyone could contribute materials. The project never left the planning stage and it was overtaken by the explosion of the World Wide Web and the emergence of high-quality search engines. The most profound output of these might be the early proposals, especially from the UNU.
Project Runeberg - Project Runeberg Project Runeberg is an initiative patterned after Project Gutenberg that publishes freely available electronic versions of books significant to the culture and history of the Nordic countries . The Project began archiving Nordic-language literature in December 1992, but today also has graphical facsimiles of old works, sheet music, and Latin works by Nordic authors. See also: Open content Lysator, which hosts the Project.
Project Sugita Genpaku - Project Sugita Genpaku Project Sugita Genpaku (プロジェクト杉田玄白) is a project that aims to translate any text without permission, if there is no copyright trouble. Commercial use of texts is also allowed. The name is after Sugita Ganpaku, a scholar in Edo era who translated a book about anatomy in the first time in Japan, known as Kaitai-shinsho. Compare: Project Gutenberg - a project digitalizing works whose copyright expired. Aozora bunko - digitalizing of Japanese copyright-free texts. External Links Official website.
Project Ben-Yehuda - Project Ben-Yehuda Project Ben-Yehuda aims to make accessible the classics of Hebrew literature (poetry and prose at first, and then essays etc.) to the reader of Hebrew. For that purpose, the literary works are converted to a format that is readable and searchable on the Internet. The project is intended to be of use for both amateurs and scholars of literature. It is inspired by the parallel English project started by Professor Michael S. Hart (which has recently started bringing texts in other languages as well) called Project Gutenberg. The site resides at: http://benyehuda.org A FAQ page in English is at: http://benyehuda.org/e_faq.html.
Mutopia project - Mutopia project The Mutopia project is an attempt to create a library of public domain sheet music, in a way similar to Project Gutenberg's library of public domain books. See also Public domain resources.
List of digital library projects - projects This is a list of projects related to digital libraries. Project Gutenberg [1], founded by Michael Hart in 1971, was the first project to create a library of freely available online texts. Project Gutenberg Australia [1] is an associate to PG, providing texts under Australian copyright law. Project Runeberg is a similar project for the Nordic language texts, started in 1992. Distributed Proofreaders is a project supporting Project Gutenberg. American Literature Hypertexts [1] The Million Book Project [1] aims to digitise a million public domain books by 2005. Early Canadiana Online [1] holds over a million page images of early Canadian book. Library of Congress Digital Library project [1] Perseus Project [1] Bibliotheca Universalis [1] ibiblio [1] Online Book Initiative l'Association des Bibliophiles Universels digitizes French texts in the public.
Kim - is still used for training spies and is still called "Kim's Game". Kim rejoins the lama and takes another trip north, this time capturing papers from Russian spies but at the same time the Lama continues his spiritual quest. At the end of the novel, Kim is undecided between the spiritual life of the Lama and the life of action at which he excels. In 2001, the book was listed as one of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century by the editorial board of the American Modern Library. Two novels by John Eyton, Kullu and the Carts and Kullu and the Elephant (c. 1929), are clearly derivative of Kim; likewise, Eyton's Jungle-born (1925) appears to borrow elements from the Jungle Books. External Link Project Gutenberg e-text of Kim.
Jack London - and left to die; and "Love of Life," about a desperate trek by a prospector across the Canadian taiga. "Moon Face" invites comparison with Edgar Allan Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart." Jack London was a boxing fan and an avid amateur boxer himself. "A Piece of Steak" is an evocative tale about a match between a older boxer and a younger one. "The Mexican" combines boxing with a social theme, as a young Mexican endures an unfair fight and ethnic prejudice in order to earn money with which to aid the Mexican revolution. A surprising number of Jack London's stories would today be classified as science fiction. "The Unparalleled Invasion" describes bacteriological warfare against China. "Goliah" revolves around an irresistible energy weapon. "The Shadow and the Flash" is a highly original tale.
Victor Hugo - (1875) Actes et paroles - Depuis l'exil (1876) La Légende des Siècles 2e série (1877) L'Art d'être grand-père (1877) Histoire d'un crime - 1re partie (1877) Histoire d'un crime - 2e partie (1878) Le Pape (1878) Religions et religion (1880) L'Âne (1880) Les Quatres vents de l'esprit (1881) Torquemada (1882) La Légende des siècles - Tome III (1883) L'Archipel de la Manche(1883) Published posthumously: Théâtre en liberté(1886) La fin de Satan (1886) Choses vues - 1re série(1887) Toute la lyre (1888) Alpes et Pyrénées (1890) Dieu (1891) France et Belgique (1892) Toute la lyre - nouvelle série (1893) Correspondances - Tome I (1896) Correspondances - Tome II (1898) Les années funestes (1898) Choses vues - 2e série (1900) Post-scriptum de ma vie (1901) Dernière Gerbe (1902) Mille francs de récompense (1934).
Joseph Conrad - the emergent modernist schools of writing. Interestingly, he despised Dostoevsky, and Russian writers as a rule, only making an exception for Ivan Turgenev. Conrad is now best known for the novella, Heart of Darkness, on which Francis Ford Coppola's film Apocalypse Now is loosely based. Joseph Conrad died of a heart attack on August 3, 1924 and was interred in Canterbury Cemetery, Canterbury, England, with three mistakes in his name on the grave-stone. In 2001, the editorial board of the American Modern Library selected the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. Leading this list was Joseph Conrad who had four of his books selected. Several of his works are available for free in digital format from Project Gutenberg. Novels and Novellas Almayer's Folly - (1895) An Outcast of the.
Jude the Obscure - son (from his first marriage), observing the problems he and his siblings are causing for their parents, commits suicide and kills the other two children. This event ends Jude's relationship with Sue, and he descends into squalor and death. The work can be downloaded over the Internet without charge from Project Gutenberg as either text or a computer-generated audiobook..
Immanuel Kant - unconditional obligation, or an obligation that we have regardless of our will or desires (contrast with hypothetical imperative). Our moral duties can be derived from the categorical imperative. The categorical imperative can be formulated in three ways, which he believed to be roughly equivalent (although many commentators do not): The first formulation (the Formula of Universal Law) says: "act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law." The second formulation (the Formula of Humanity) says: "Act that you use humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means." The third formulation (the Formula of Autonomy) is a synthesis of the previous.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow - 1826 and 1829. In 1831, he married Mary Storer Potter who died a few years later in Rotterdam while the couple were travelling. He took up a professorship at Harvard University and later married Frances Appleton, living at Cragie House, overlooking the Charles River. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts. External Links Project Gutenberg e-texts of some of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's works.
Henry James - is possible to see many of his stories as psychological thought experiments. Portrait of a Lady might be an experiment to see what happens when an idealistic young woman suddenly becomes very rich. The novella The Turn of the Screw is a ghost story that deals with the psychological impact on an unmarried (and possibly sexually repressed) young governess who stumbles into an ongoing tragic love affair complicated by the fact that the lovers are dead. The late novel The Wings of the Dove deals with the question of how far a woman in love will go to get what she wants and what it costs her when she does. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Major Works 2 Reference 3 External Links Major Works Roderick Hudson (1875) Transatlantic Sketches (1875) The.
Henry Cabot Lodge - she has nobly served mankind. Beware how you trifle with your marvelous inheritance--this great land of ordered liberty. For if we stumble and fall, freedom and civilization everywhere will go down in ruin. The League of Nations was established without U.S. participation in 1920. Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, it remained active until World War II. After the war, it was replaced by the United Nations which assumed many of the League's procedures and peacekeeping functions. See also: Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr - grandson of Henry Cabot Lodge Reference Library of Congress: "Today in History: May 12" External Links Project Gutenberg e-text of Hero Tales From American History by Henry Cabot Lodge and Theodore Roosevelt.
Horace Walpole - younger Robert died unmarried, Horace Walpole became the 4th Earl of Orford. When Horace Walpole died in 1797 the title became extinct. It was recreated in 1806 for Horace's cousin Horatio Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford (1723-1809). The great-grandson of the first earl of this creation, Horatio William Walpole (1813-1894), became the 4th Earl of Orford of the 1806 creation. The 1806 creation became extinct on the death of Robert Horace Walpole, 5th Earl of Orford (1854-1931). Descendants of a younger brother of the 1st Earl of the 1806 creation have inherited older baronies, including one once held by Horace. External Links Horace Walpole Study Resources Project Gutenberg e-texts The Letters of Horace Walpole, Volume 1 The Letters of Horace Walpole, Volume 2 The Letters of Horace Walpole, Volume 3 The.
Honoré de Balzac - realistic prose and his strength as an encyclopedic recorder of his age outshine any small detracting qualities of his style to make him a Dickensian bastion of French literature. Balzac is buried in Le Père Lachaise Cemetery, Paris, France. Balzac's works have fallen into the public domain, and a number of them are available online from Project Gutenberg. Balzac undertook a huge project: The Human Comedy, which is a collection of about 100 linked stories and novels. The stories are placed in a variety of settings, with characters reappearing in multiple stories. The Balzac Plan of the Comedie Humaine is as follows: SCENES FROM PRIVATE LIFE At the Sign of the Cat and Racket The Ball at Sceaux The Purse The Vendetta Madame Firmiani A Second Home Domestic Peace The Imaginary.
Horse breaking - the basis for a successful relationship between human and horse to be other than for a wild animal, frantic with fear of the unknown, to be taken into confinement and bullied until it no longer resists. Instead, he clearly directs that the owner of the young horse have established a loving relationship with the horse before it ever sees a trainer. He advises the owner to establish a clear understanding with the trainer on what the horse is to be taught, and then continues: "At the same time, pains should be taken on the owner's part to see that the colt is gentle, tractable, and affectionate when delivered to the professional trainer. That is a condition of things that for the most part may be brought about at home and by.
