Punjab, Pakistan - Punjab, Pakistan The Punjab province of Pakistan is part of the larger Punjab region. Neighbouring areas are Sindh to the south, Balochistan and Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan to the west, North-West Frontier, Pakistan to the north and Punjab, India and other Indian states to the east. It is the second largest province at 205,344 kmē and has the largest population: approximately 70 million in 1994. It contains the Thal and Cholistan deserts. Tourism: Taxila Cities: Bahwalpur, Faisalabad, Lahore, Multan, Rawalpindi, Rabwah, Sialkot.
History of Pakistan - History of Pakistan Pakistan, along with India, was one of two states created out of the territory of British colonial India in 1947. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Ancient South Asia 2 Background to creation of Pakistan 3 1971 Civil War 4 1977-1985 Martial Law 5 The Democratic Interregnum 6 Return of Military Rule 7 Kashmir Ancient South Asia Main article: History of South Asia The territory of present-day Pakistan has been the home of many civilizations. Archeological explorations have revealed impressive ruins of a 4,500-year old urban civilization in Pakistan's Indus River valley (see Indus Valley civilization). This civilization declined around 1500-1900 B.C. One major theory is that the Indus Valley civilization was crushed by successive invasions (circa 2000 B.C. and 1400 B.C.) of Aryans, Indo-European.
Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan - Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan Federally Administered Tribal Areas are areas of Pakistan outside any of the four provinces. Neighbouring regions are: Afghanistan to the west, North-West Frontier to the north, Punjab to the east and Balochistan to the south. The area is 27,220 kmē. See also: North-West Frontier, Pakistan, List of capitals of subnational entities, Balochistan, Pakistan, Politics of Pakistan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Foreign relations of Pakistan - Foreign relations of Pakistan Pakistan is a prominent member of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) and an active member of the United Nations. Its foreign policy encompasses historically difficult relations with India, a desire for a stable Afghanistan, long-standing close relations with the People's Republic of China, extensive security and economic interests in the Persian Gulf, and wide-ranging bilateral relations with the United States and other Western countries. During the Cold War, Pakistan was wary of Soviet expansion (especially after the Soviets invaded Afghanistan). Consequently Pakistan built a strong alliance with the People's Republic of China, which also was wary of the Soviets and which had border disputes with India as well. India countered by allying itself with the Soviets, a security arrangement that remains largely.
Balochistan, Pakistan - Balochistan, Pakistan The province of Balochistan (or Baluchistan) of Pakistan contains roughly the part of Balochistan that falls within the borders of present-day Pakistan. Neighbouring regions are Iranian Balochistan to the west, Afghanistan and Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan to the north and Punjab and Sindh to the east. To the south is the Arabian Sea. Balochistan is geographically the largest of the four provinces at 347,190 kmē, but has the smallest population: approximately 6.3 million in 1994. The population density is very low due to the moutainous terrain and scarcity of water. The southern region is known as Makran. A region in the centre of the province is known as Kalat. The capital city is Quetta, located in the most densly populated district in the northeast.
Politics of Pakistan - Politics of Pakistan The Pakistan Constitution of 1973, amended substantially in 1985 under Muhammad Zia ul-Haq, was suspended by the military government on October 12, 1999. Pervez Musharraf has committed to return Pakistan to democratic, civilian rule but the implications of his promised structural reforms on the country's previous parliamentary system are unknown. Under the Provisional Constitutional Order and its amendments, all power flows from and to the Chief Executive, who also holds the posts of Chief of Army Staff and Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Judiciary is proscribed from issuing any order contrary to the decisions of the Chief Executive, and the President, Cabinet, National Security Council, and Governors serve at his discretion. In practice, Musharraf consults extensively with his civilian appointees and Corps Commanders.
Punjab, India - Punjab, India Punjab is a state in northwest India, part of a larger Punjab region. Neighbouring regions are Punjab, Pakistan to the west, Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northeast, Haryana to the south and southeast and Rajasthan to the southwest. The word Punjab is a combination of two words 'Punj', meaning five & 'AAb', meaning water, as Punjab is a state of five rivers (Setluj, Bias, Ravi, Chenab & Jehlam). Ater partition, the western half of this region went to Pakistan and the eastern half to India. The Punjab is an agricultural state, with land fertility unparalleled in the world. The language of the people is Punjabi on both sides of the border, althogh the alphabet used is different (arabic on.
Punjab - Punjab The Punjab (sometimes spelt Panjab) is a region straddling the border between India and Pakistan. Once a single entity, it is now split between two nations: see Punjab, India and Punjab, Pakistan. Punjab covers an area of 50,362 sq km (19,445 sq mi). Population in 2000 numbered 24,000,000. The region came under British rule when the East India Company annexed the Punjab on March 29, 1849. The region was divided between India and Pakistan when they gained independence in 1947. The name "Punjab" means "land of five rivers". The five rivers, tributaries of the Indus river which are now divided between India and Pakistan, are the Bipasha, Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, and Shatadru rivers. See also Punjabi language..
Punjabi language - (sometimes spelled Panjabi) is the native language of the Punjab and the most common first-language in Pakistan, spoken as a first language by 30 to 40 million people. See Demographics of Pakistan for a breakdown of language groups by population. However, it is not an official language of Pakistan, and is not officially used in education; Urdu, Sindhi and English are Pakistan's official languages. It is primarily spoken, not written, and most education and official business is conducted in Urdu. This has led to much resentment from Punjabi speakers, who form the largest single first-language group in Pakistan. Modern Punjabi is a living language that has borrowed extensively from other languages, including Urdu and English. There are several different scripts used for writing the Punjabi language, depending on the region and.
North-West Frontier, Pakistan - North-West Frontier, Pakistan North-West Frontier is the smallest of the four provinces of Pakistan. Neighbouring regions are Afghanistan to the west and north, Northern Areas and Azad Kashmir to the east and Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Punjab and Islamabad Capital Territory to the south. Its area is 74,521 kmē and its districts include Hazara, not to be confused with the Hazara people of Afghanistan..
Khalistan - proposed nation-state encompassing much of the area of Punjabi-speaking India and Pakistan. The literal meaning of Khalistan is "The Sovereign Land," which would be comprised of an egalitarian social system. The ideal type of governance would be the Sikh concept of "halemi-raj," meaning 'humanitarian & just governance.' In this definition of governance, the citizens of the country with political authority are servants of the same ideology as normal citizens; and their position as an official of the government would grant them authority to make decisions based on the public, rather than self-serving power. It is supported by Sikh separatists as a homeland for the Sikhs and other communities. Since there is no historical claim to the land as a Sikh homeland, and on account of the portrayal by International media of.
Javed Iqbal - Iqbal was a notorious serial killer from Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. He killed 100 boys during a five-month period. Before he killed the boys, he had been arrested in June 1998 for procuring the services of two boy prostitutes. He went off on bail shortly afterwards. The boys that he killed were taken off the street. Each boy, taken to his house and drugged by a sedative. Iqbal asked each boy about his life and jotted down notes on what the boys were like. Iqbal then raped each boy and then slowly strangled each boy with an iron chain after that. He then cut the body of each boy into pieces put the pieces in a vat filled with acid. Once all of the remains were liquified, he dumped them. He first.
Indira Gandhi - consolidate her power and authority. By using her powers of appointment, she created "notoriously weak" cabinets. She created her own governing Congress (R) party following the November 1969 split within the governing Indian National Congress. Re-elected in 1971, she proceeded to boost her government's fortunes through a successful war that December against neighbouring Pakistan in East Bengal, where India's intervention enabled local separatists to crown their nine-month war of independence with the creation of the independent republic of Bangladesh. To avoid being jailed for corrupt election practices, in June 1975 she declared a state of emergency, and in her own words brought democracy "to a grinding halt". Invoking article 352 of the Indian Constitution, she granted herself extraordinary powers and launched a massive crackdown on civil liberties and political opposition. Rival.
Indus River - (known as Sindhu in ancient times) is the principal river of Pakistan. It flows from the Himalayas approximately southwest to the Arabian Sea. India is named after it. The ultimate source of the Indus is actually in Tibet; it begins at the confluence of the Sengge River and Gar River that drain the Nganglong Kangri and Gangdise Shan ranges. The Indus then flows northwest through Kashmir just south of the Karakoram range, then gradually bends to the south, coming out of the hills between Peshawar and Rawalpindi. It is dammed in this area also, forming the Tarbela Reservoir. The remainder of its route to the sea is in plains of the Punjab and Sind, and the river becomes slow-flowing highly braided. Passing by Hyderabad, it ends in a large delta to.
Islamic conquest of Afghanistan - of the eighth century, the rising Abbasid Dynasty was able to subdue the Arab invasion, putting an end to the prolonged struggle. Peace prevailed under the rule of the caliph Harun al Rashid (785-809) and his son, and learning flourished in such Central Asian cities as Samarkand. From the seventh through the ninth centuries, most inhabitants of what is present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, southern parts of the former Soviet Union, and areas of northern India were converted to Sunni Islam. In the eighth and ninth centuries ancestors of many of today's Turkic-speaking Afghans settled in the Hindu Kush area (partly to obtain better grazing land) and began to assimilate much of the culture and language of the Pashtun tribes already present there. By the middle of the ninth century, Abbasid rule had.
Islamabad Capital Territory - Islamabad Capital Territory is a small region of Pakistan containing the capital city Islamabad. It is located in the north of Punjab or the south of North-West Frontier. Its size is 906 sq km..
Islamic Empires in India - Coastal trade and the presence of a Muslim colony in Sindh, however, permitted significant cultural exchanges and the introduction into the subcontinent of saintly teachers. Muslim influence grew with conversions. Almost three centuries later, the Turks and the Afghans spearheaded the Islamic conquest in India through the traditional invasion routes of the northwest. Mahmud of Ghazni (979-1030) led a series of raids against Rajput kingdoms and rich Hindu temples and established a base in Punjab for future incursions. Mahmud's tactics originated the legend of idol-smashing Muslims bent on plunder and forced conversions, a reputation that persists in India to the present day. Delhi Sultanate Main article: Delhi Sultanate In the 13th century, Shams-ud-Din Iletmish (or Iltutmish; r. 1211-36), a former slave-warrior, established a Turkic kingdom in Delhi, which enabled future sultans.
Harappa - Harappa Harappa is a city in Punjab, northeast Pakistan, located beside a former course of the Ravi River; about 35km southwest of Sahiwal. The modern town is built beside the remains of an ancient foritifed city, which was part of the Cemetery H and Indus Valley Civilisations. The city existed from about 3300 BC [1] until 1600 BC. Notes [1] The earliest radiocarbon dating mentioned on the web is 2725+-185 BC (uncalibrated) or 3338, 3213, 3203 BC calibrated, giving a midpoint of 3251 BC. Maybe this comes from S.P.Gupta, 1993, "Longer chronology of the Indus-Saraswati Civilization", Puratattva, No. 23, 1992-93, pp. 21-29. [2] Mohan Jodaro is also same period city which is now in India Rajasthan..
History of South Asia - the middle Ganges River valley, they adapted to antecedent cultures. See also: Aryan invasion theory Middle Kingdoms Main article: Middle kingdoms of India The political map of ancient and medieval India was made up of myriad kingdoms with fluctuating boundaries. The Aryans were followed in 500 B.C. by Persians and, in 326 B.C., by Alexander the Great. The "Gandhara culture" flourished in much of present-day Pakistan. The Indo-Greek descendants of Alexander the Great saw the most creative period of the Gandhara (Buddhist) culture. For 200 years after the Kushan Dynasty was established in A.D. 50, Taxila (near Islamabad) became a renowned center of learning, philosophy, and art. In the 4th and 5th centuries, northern India was unified under the Gupta Dynasty. During this period, known as India's Golden Age, Hindu culture.
Ghaggar River - from monsoon rains. It originates in the Shivalik mountain range of Himachal Pradesh and flows through Haryana and Punjab to Rajasthan, where it disappears into the Thar Desert. The Saraswati flows into the Ghaggar, in Haryana. Until about 2000 BC - 1500 BC, the river was much larger, taking water from other nearby rivers that now flow into the Indus. The dried-out channel of the river continues into Pakistan where it is known as the Hakra River. Many settlements of the Indus Valley Civilisation have been found along the Ghaggar and Hakra rivers. The rivers are often identified as the Vedic Saraswati River..
