Puritan - Puritan The Puritans were a group of radical Protestants which developed in England following the Reformation, and played a significant role in the religious turmoil of the 17th century. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Beginnings 2 Beliefs 3 Denominations of Puritanism 4 Persecution 5 Revolution and the Commonwealth 6 Puritans to Non Conformists 7 The rise of Methodism 8 Descendents of Puritanism 8.1 Further reading Beginnings Puritanism arose in the 1560s out of the discontent of radical protestants over the Elizabethan Religious Settlement of the Church of England. The radicals opposed the settlement, claiming it established a Catholic Church under the control of the Monarch (they described Anglicanism as a "Mingle Mangle"). "Puritan" was originally a derogatory term, used by Anglo Catholics to mock the radicals'.
Puritan Awakening - Puritan Awakening The Puritan Awakening (1621-1649) began with the English Parliament's Great Protestation. Upon the accession of James's son, the reformist urge turned radical and gained popular momentum. Seeking religious exile, John Winthrop led a saving remnant of true believers to America. In England, this Puritan enthusiasm led to the Long Parliament in 1640, civil war, and the execution of Charles I of England in 1649. In the new wilderness colonies, the experimental fervor receded, leaving isolated settlements seeking an enforceable moral orthodoxy. Age Location in History: The Elizabethan Generation was entering elderhood. The Parliamentarian Generation was entering midlife. The Puritan Generation was entering midlife. The Cavalier Generation was entering youth. See also: generation, Puritan.
Puritan Records - Puritan Records Puritan Records was a United States based record label of the 1920s. Puritan debuted in 1920. The label was owned by the United Phonographs Corporation of Sheboygan, Wisconsin. In 1922 the label was passed to the ownership of the Bridgeport Die and Machine Company of Bridgeport, Connecticut, which was also the owner of Broadway Records. In 1925 the ownership changed again, to the New York Recording Laboratories of Port Washington, Wisconsin, the parent company of Paramount Records. Later Puritans were all pressed from Paramount masters. The label was discontinued in 1927. Audio fidelity on Puritan is below average for the era. List of record labels.
Kenelm Digby - rewarded with patents of monopoly; Digby received the regional monopoly of sealing wax in Wales and the Welsh Borders. This was a guaranteed income; more speculative were the monopolies of trade with the Gulf of Guinea and with Canada. These were doubtless more difficult to police. Digby became a Roman Catholic once more in 1635, publishing A Conference with a Lady about choice of a Religion, in which he argued that the Roman Catholic Church, possessing alone the qualifications of universality, unity of doctrine and uninterrupted apostolic succession, is the only true church, and that the intrusion of error into it is impossible. He therefore exiled himself voluntarily to the France of Cardinal Richelieu. Returning to support Charles I in his struggle to establish episcopacy in Scotland (the Bishops' Wars), he.
King James Version of the Bible - is most commonly cited as the King James Version (KJV). The motivation behind the KJV translation was in large part due to the Protestant belief that the Bible was the sole source of doctrine (see sola scriptura) and as such should be translated into the local venacular. By the time that the King James Bible was written, there was already a tradition going back almost a hundred years of Bible translation into English, starting with William Tyndale. At the time of the King James Bible, the authorised version of the Church of England was the Bishops' Bible. The Bishops' Bible, however, enjoyed little popular esteem, and its popularity was eclipsed by the Geneva Bible, whose marginal notes espoused a Protestantism that was too Puritan and radical for King James's taste. Frontispiece.
Know-Nothing movement - this notion in the minds of many Americans. Culture Clash While significant in their own right, the concerns about the Pope largely exacerbated already-present anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic feelings held by many Americans. The newcomers differed culturally from most Americans, so their influx was seen as a threat to maintaining American culture. The immigrants brought with them their strong accents, Irish traditions and culture, and Roman Catholicism, and didn't seem likely to become "Americanized" anytime soon. A vocal minority of American Puritans also protested against the immigrants' alcohol consumption. While alcohol consumption already quite popular among the general public in the United States (even George Washington had run a distillery), the Puritan elements managed to promulgate a caricature of the Irish as drunkards, and thus gained some support for their anti-alcohol crusade.
J. William Fulbright - that it would subsequently be interpreted as a sweeping Congressional endorsement for the conduct of a large-scale war in Asia. In 1964, Fulbright published The Arrogance of Power (ISBN 0812992628) in which he attacked the justification of the Vietnam War, Congress's failure to set limits on it, and impulses which gave rise to it. Fulbright's scathing critique undermined the elite consensus that U.S. military intervention in Indochina was necessitated by Cold War geopolitics. Some critics of U.S. foreign policy argue that U.S. policy has changed little since Fulbright wrote his book and find his words applicable today. In his book, Fulbright offered an analysis of American foreign policy: Throughout our history two strands have coexisted uneasily; a dominant strand of democratic humanism and a lesser but durable strand of intolerant Puritanism..
James Shirley - In consequence apparently of his conversion to the Roman Catholic faith he left his living, and was master of St Albans grammar school from 1623-1625. His first play, Love Tricks, seems to have been written while he was teaching at St Albans. He removed in 1625 to London, where he lived in Gray's Inn, and for eighteen years from that time he was a prolific writer for the stage, producing more than thirty regular plays, tragedies and comedies, and showing no sign of exhaustion when a stop was put to his occupation by the Puritan edict of 1642. Shirley's sympathies were with the king in his disputes with parliament and he received marks of special favour from the queen. He made a bitter attack on Prynne, who had attacked the stage.
James Nayler - Nayler (or Naylor) (1618 - 1660) was an English Puritan leader. He was born at Andersloe or Ardsley, in Yorkshire. In 1642 he joined the parliamentarian army, and served as quartermaster in John Lambert's horse. In 1651 he adopted Quakerism, and gradually arrived at the conviction that he was a new incarnation of Christ. He gathered round him a small band of disciples, who followed him from place to place. At Appleby in 1653 and again at Exeter in 1655 he was imprisoned. In October 1655, in imitation of Christ's procession into Jerusalem, he entered Bristol on horseback, riding single--"a rawboned nude figure, with lank hair reaching below his cheeks"--attended by seven followers, some on horseback, some on foot. His followers sang "Hosanna! Holy, holy! Lord God of Sabaoth!" At the.
Jeremy Taylor - Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury. He went on to become chaplain in ordinary to King Charles I as a result of Laud's sponsorship. This made him politically suspect when Laud was tried for treason and executed by the Puritan Parliament during the years preceding the English Civil War. After the Parliamentary victory over the King, he was briefly imprisoned several times. Eventually, he was allowed to retire into Wales, where he became the private chaplain of the Earl of Carbery. Upon the Restoration, his political star was on the rise, and he was made bishop of Down and Connor in Ireland. He was also made vice-chancellor of the University of Dublin. Jeremy Taylor is best known as a prose stylist; his chief fame is the result of his twin devotional manual, Holy.
Jeremiah Horrocks - He was impoverished throughout his entire brief life. He was a Calvinist and, through his connection with Emmanuel College, likely a Puritan. His means of financial support following his leaving the University of Cambridge (without a degree) was likely by holding a curacy in Hoole, Lancashire. At Cambridge he became familiar with the works of Johannes Kepler, Tycho Brahe, and others. Horrocks was convinced that Lansberg's tables were inaccurate when Kepler predicted that a near-miss of the transit of Venus (when the planet Venus can be seen from Earth as crossing in front of the Sun) would occur in 1639. Horrocks believed that the transit would occur, having made his own observations of Venus for years. Horrocks focused the image of the Sun through a telescope onto a piece of card,.
John Milton - for his blank verse epic Paradise Lost. He was the son of a scrivener of strong Puritan tendencies, and was educated at St. Paul's School, London, and at Christ's College, Cambridge (1625-32). While still at Cambridge he wrote some fine poems, among them the "Ode on the Morning of Christ's Nativity" and the octosyllabics L'Allegro and Il Penseroso. He was originally destined to a ministerial career, but his independent spirit led him to "prefer a blameless silence before the sacred office of speaking bought and begun with servitude and forswearing." He spent five quiet years at Horton in Buckinghamshire, reading and writing. To this period belong "Arcades", "Comus", and "Lycidas", all breathing the lofty spirit of his religious convictions. In 1638 and 1639 he traveled on the continent, coming into contact.
John Bunyan - the first thing after the Bible. Two other works of Bunyan's would have given him fame, but not as wide as that he now enjoys; viz., The Life and Death of Mr. Badman (1680), an imaginary biography, and the allegory The Holy War (1682). The book which lays bare Bunyan's inner life and reveals his preparation for his appointed work is Grace Abounding to the chief of sinners (1666). It is very prolix, and being all about himself, in a man less holy would be intolerably egotistic, but as Bunyan plainly had the motive in writing it to exalt the grace of God and to comfort those passing through experiences somewhat like his own, his egotism makes no disagreeable impression. The works just named have appeared in numerous editions, and are.
Jonathan Edwards (theology) - American evangelical theologians. His work is very broad in scope, but he is often associated with his defense of Calvinist theology and the Puritan heritage. His father Timothy Edwards (1669-1758), son of a prosperous merchant of Hartford, had graduated at Harvard University, was minister at East Windsor, and eked out his salary by tutoring boys for college. His mother, a daughter of the Rev. Solomon Stoddard, of Northampton, Mass., seems to have been a woman of unusual mental gifts and independence of character. Jonathan, the only son, was the fifth of eleven children. The boy was trained for college by his father and by his elder sisters, who all received an excellent education. When ten years old he wrote a semi-humorous tract on the immateriality of the soul; he was interested.
John Lilburne - John Lilburne (~1614-1657) was an English Puritan leader, active before, during and after the English Civil War. He was born in Greenwich and was persecuted for his activities as early as 1638 for importing subversive literature. At the age of 22, he was convicted by the Court of Star Chamber of distributing unlicensed books critical of the church authorities. He was sentenced to be flogged behind a cart from the Fleet Prison to Westminster, where he was pilloried and afterwards imprisoned. This harsh punishment won him much public sympathy. Subsequently Lilburne became one of the leaders of the Leveller movement. His chances of political success were improved by the war, and he joined the Parliamentary army, rising to lieutenant-colonel before parting company with Parliament's leaders over a matter of principle.In prison.
John Ball - kill the principal lords of the kingdom and the lawyers; and he was afterwards among those who rushed into the Tower of London to seize Simon of Sudbury, archbishop of Canterbury. When the rebels dispersed Ball fled to the midland counties, but was taken prisoner at Coventry and executed in the presence of Richard II on July 15 1381. Ball, who was called by Froissart "the mad priest of Kent," seems to have possessed the gift of rhyme. He undoubtedly voiced the feelings of the lower orders of society at that time. John Ball (October 1585 - 1640) was an English puritan divine, born in Cassington, Oxfordshire. After taking his BA degree from St Mary's Hall, Oxford, in 1608, he went into Cheshire to act as tutor to the children of.
John Tillotson - (1630-1694), English archbishop, was the son of a Puritan clothier in Sowerby, Yorkshire, where he was born in October 1630. He entered as a pensioner of Clare Hall, Cambridge, in 1647, graduated in 1650 and was made fellow of his college in 1651. In 1656 he became tutor to the son of Edmond Prideaux, attorney-general to Cromwell. About 1661 he was ordained without subscription by T Sydserf, a Scottish bishop. Tillotson was present at the Savoy Conference in 1661, and remained identified with the Presbyterians till, the passing of the Act of Uniformity in 1662. Shortly afterwards he became curate of Cheshunt, Herts, and in June 1663, rector of Kedington, Suffolk. He now devoted himself to an exact study of biblical and patristic writers, especially Basil and Chrysostom. The result of.
John Rogers - taken away and his prebend was filled in October. In January 1554 Bonner, the new Bishop of London, sent him to Newgate Prison, where he lay with John Hooper, Laurence Saunders, John Bradford and others for a year, their petitions, whether for less rigorous treatment or for opportunity of stating their case, being alike disregarded. In December 1554 parliament re-enacted the penal statutes against Lollards, and on January 22nd, 1555, two days after they took effect, Rogers with ten others came before the council at Gardiner's house in Southwark, and held his own in the examination that took place. On the 28th and 29th he came before the commission appointed by Cardinal Pole, and was sentenced to death by Gardiner for heretically denying the Christian character of the Church of Rome.
John Winthrop - College, Cambridge, then studied law at Gray's Inn, and in the 1620s became an attorney at the Court of Wards in London. Winthrop was extremely religious and ascribed feverently to the Puritan belief that the Anglican Church had to be cleansed of Catholic ritual. Winthrop was convinced that God would punish England for its heresy, and believed that English Puritans needed a shelter way from England where they could remain safe during the time of God's wrath. Other Puritans who belived likewise obtained a royal charter for the Massachusetts Bay Company. Charles I of England was apparently unaware that the colony was to be anything other than a commercial venture to America. However, on March 4, 1629, he signed the Cambridge agreement with his wealthier Puritan friends, essentially pledging that they.
Joseph Hall - afterwards earl of Carlisle, to France, where he was sent to congratulate Louis XIII on his marriage, but Hall was compelled by illness to return. In his absence the king nominated him dean of Worcester, and in 1617 he accompanied James to Scotland, where he defended the five points of ceremonial which the king desired to impose upon the Scots. In the next year he was one of the English deputies at the synod of Dort. In 1624 he refused the see of Gloucester, but in 1627 became bishop of Exeter. He took an active part in the Arminian and Calvinist controversy in the English church. He did his best in his Via media, The Way of Peace, to persuade the two parties to accept a compromise. In spite of his.
