Robert Menzies - Robert Menzies Sir Robert Menzies Sir Robert Gordon Menzies (20 December 1894 - 14 May 1978), Australian politician, was the twelfth and longest-serving Prime Minister of Australia. He had a rapid rise to power, but his first term as Prime Minister was a failure. He spent eight years in the wilderness before making a successful comeback, and then dominated Australian politics through the 1950s and 1960s. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early life 2 Rise to Power 3 First Term as Prime Minister 4 Return to Power 5 Second Term as Prime Minister 6 Retirement and posterity 7 Further reading 8.
Robert Gordon - Robert Gordon Robert Gordon (1668 - 1731) was born in Aberdeen. He was the only son of Arthur Gordon who married Isabella Menzies of Balgownie. When Arthur Gordon, a well respected advocate in the Edinburgh courts, died in 1680, he left his twelve year old son the sum of 20,000 merks (about £1,100 then and considerably more in modern currency). When Robert reached the age of sixteen he became a Burgess of the City of Aberdeen. Among other benefits, this entitled him to follow a merchant's trade in the town. During the next few years he attended Marischal College, graduating in 1689. Soon afterwards he left Aberdeen for Europe. Like many Scots at the time, He travelled far and wide around Northern Europe before finally settling.
John Howard - increasing government benefits to self-funded retirees. These measures, particularly the increase in government largesse to the relatively well-off elderly, were regarded in the media as vote-buying, but in retrospect were politically effective in reversing a drift to Labor in this demographic. However, the biggest change in Howard's political fortunes occurred in August and September 2001. Howard was able to exploit a series of events and restore his political standing. In August the government refused permission for the Norwegian freighter MS Tampa, carrying a group of alleged asylum seekers picked up in international waters, to enter Australian waters. The government's action was popular with many Australians who were hostile to illegal immigration and to what they saw as abuse of Australia's refugee program by "bogus" asylum-seekers. Hostility towards asylum-seekers from Islamic countries.
John Gorton - and achieved acclaim as a fighter pilot. He survived two serious crashes, one of which required extensive reconstructive surgery and left his face shattered for life. In 1949, Gorton entered Parliament as a Liberal Senator, and served in various positions under Robert Menzies and Harold Holt, including Minister for the Navy, Minister for Education and Minister for Public Works. He was an energetic and capable minister, and began to be considered leadership material once he moderated his early extremely right-wing views. When Harold Holt died in December 1967, it was widely assumed that his deputy, William McMahon, would be the next Prime Minister. But the Country Party leader, John McEwen, vetoed McMahon. In the subsequent ballot, Gorton defeated Paul Hasluck to become Liberal leader. He became the first Senator to be.
Joseph Lyons - government fell when the supporters of New South Wales Premier Jack Lang defeated it in the House of Representatives. At the subsequent election, Lyons won a huge victory. He was the third ex-Labor man to become a non-Labor Prime Minister. The UAP ruled on its own for one term, but after the 1934 election it formed a coalition with the Country Party. In office, Lyons followed the same conservative financial policy he had advocated during the Scullin government. He benefited politically from the gradual world-wide recovery that took place after 1932. In foreign affairs he supported Britain with little criticism, and was a strong supporter of the League of Nations. In 1934 the ambitious and talented Robert Menzies was elected to Parliament, and was immediately seen as Lyons's successor, although he.
John McEwen - as a compromise. When the conservatives returned to office after eight years in opposition in 1949, McEwen became Minister for Commerce and Agriculture again, then Minister for Trade and Industry. He pursued what became known as "McEwenism" - a policy of high tariff protection for manufacturing industry, so that industry would not challenge the continuing high tariffs on imported raw materials, which benefitted farmers but pushed up industry's costs. In 1958 Fadden retired and McEwen succeeded him as Country Party leader. When Robert Menzies retired in 1966, McEwen became the longest-serving figure in the government, and he had a right of veto over government policy. When Harold Holt died in 1967, the Governor-General sent for McEwen and he was sworn in as caretaker Prime Minister while the Liberals elected a new.
John Curtin - in 1929, but disapproval of his drinking kept him on the backbench. He lost his seat in 1931, but won it back in 1934. When Scullin resigned as Labor leader in 1935, Curtin was unexpectedly elected to succeed him. The left wing and trude union group in the Caucus backed him because his rival, Frank Forde, had supported the economic policies of the Scullin government. They also made him promise to give up drinking, which he did. He made little progress against the Lyons government, but after Lyons's death in 1939 Labor's position improved. Curtin fell only a few seats short of winning the 1940 election. Wartime leader Curtin with Douglas MacArthur Curtin refused Robert Menzies's offer to form a wartime "national government," partly because he feared it would split the.
Ian Sinclair - 1961 Sinclair became a Country Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Council, and in 1963 he was elected to the House of Representatives for the seat of New England. In 1965 Sinclair was promoted to the ministry, becoming Minister for Social Services in the Liberal-Country Party coalition government of Robert Menzies. In 1968 he became Minister for Shipping and Transport]]. He and Doug Anthony were seen as the most likely successors to the veteran Country Party leader John McEwen, but when McEwen retired in 1971 it was Anthony who was elected party Leader, while Sinclair was elected Deputy Leader, becoming at the same time Minister for Primary Industry. After spending the three years of the Whitlam Labor government in opposition, Sinclair again became Minister for Primary Industry in 1975,.
Harold Holt - At 27 Holt was one of the youngest members of the House, but his obvious ability brought him rapid promotion to the ministry in 1939. In 1940 he joined the Army, without resigning his seat. Shortly afterwards three Cabinet ministers were killed in an air disaster at Canberra, and the Prime Minister, Robert Menzies, recalled Holt from the Army to become Minister for Labour and National Service. This earned him the ironic nickname "Gunner Holt." Holt had a reputation as a high-living playboy, but in 1947 he married Zara Fell, a fashion designer, and adopted her three young children from a previous marriage. After eight years in opposition from 1941 to 1949, Holt returned to office in Menzies's new Liberal government in 1949 as Minister for Labour and National Service and.
Herbert Evatt - of Law. In 1925 Evatt was elected as a Labor member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly. He served there until 1930, when the Scullin Labor government appointed him as the youngest-ever justice of the High Court of Australia. He delivered a number of controversial judgements, several of which brought him into conflict with Robert Menzies, who was Attorney-General in the Lyons conservative government. This was the beginning of a life-long mutual dislike. In 1940 Evatt resigned from the High Court to return to politics, and was elected federal MP for the Sydney seat of Barton. When Labor came to power under John Curtin in 1941, Evatt became Attorney-General and Minister for External Affairs (that is, Foreign Minister). He joined the diplomatic councils of the allies during the Second World.
History of Australia since 1901 - victories and losses on World War I battlefields contribute significantly to Australia's national identity. Over 60,000 Australian's died during the conflict and 155,000 were wounded. Australia still has an annual holiday to remember its war dead on ANZAC Day, 25 April, each year, the date of the first landings at Gallipoli in 1915. The parades attract large crowds across Australia (and New Zealand: Anzac stands for Australian and New Zealand Army Corps). In 1916 the Labor Prime Minister, Billy Hughes, decided that Australia must have conscription if the strength of Australia's forces at the front was to be maintained. The Labor Party and the trade unions were bitterly opposed to conscription, and Hughes and his followers were expelled from the party when they refused to back down. In 1916 and again.
Howard Walter Florey - extraction of the active ingredient, succeeding to the point where, by 1945, penicillin production was an industrial process for the Allies in World War II. Florey was elected president of the Royal Society in 1959. After the death of Ethel, he married his long-time colleague and research assistant Dr. Margaret Jennings in 1967. He died of a heart attack in 1968. Florey is regarded by the Australian scientific and medical community as probably its greatest scientist. Robert Menzies, Australia's longest-serving Prime Minister, said that 'in terms of world well-being, Florey was the most important man ever born in Australia'. Biology sucks!.
University of Melbourne - science. The Victorian Government legislation establishing the university insisted that it remain secular, however Christian theology courses are offered in association with the Melbourne College of Divinity. Research is an important activity in all departments of the university. Its research activities are quite broad, though the medical sciences are probably most extensive and best resourced. Notable alumni of the university include Germaine Greer, Peter Singer, Robert Menzies, amongst a substantial fraction of Australias most prominent academics, politicians, industry leaders, lawyers, doctors, and artists. The university features an interesting mix of architecture. The northern edge of the campus features a cricket oval backing onto several "residential colleges" (aping Oxbridge colleges, though the tutorials run there are purely extra assistance to the residents rather than a fundamental part of the course), of which.
Fredericton Distinguished Citizen Award - Hanson 1989 Harry Levine, Brigadier J. Ernest Anderson, and Lt. Col. William Simcock. 1990 Dr. James Downey 1991 David Wilson 1992 Lloyd Humes and John Swanton 1993 Helen MacTavish and Richard Clark 1994 Ted Fellows, Laurie Menzies and Phillip Sexsmith 1995 Raymond Dickinson, Eric Garland, and Carmen Kilburn 1996 Bud Bird, Harold Doherty, and Joanne E. McLeod 1997 Fred Blair, Sandy DiGiacinto, and Hilda Shorten 1998 Pauline Cunningham, Thelma Kolding, and Dr. Lee Stickles 1999 Ken Bartlett, Carol Burtt, and Robert Kenny Q.C 2000 Herb Allen, Bill LaPointe, Katharine Robinson 2001 Sue McGibbon, Lyle Smith, Richard Tingley 2002 Judith Budovitch, Ed Fox, Elbridge Wilkins 2003 Paul Briggs, Tom Crowther, Brad Slauenwhite.
Earle Page - supporter of high tariff barriers to protect Australian rural industries. When the Bruce government was defeated by Labor in 1929, Page went into opposition. In 1931 Joseph Lyons was able to form a United Australia Party government without Country Party support. In 1934, however, the coalition was reformed, and Page became Minister for Commerce. He was knighted in 1938. The title of Deputy Prime Minister did not then exist, but when Lyons died suddenly in 1939, it was Page whom the Governor-General called on to become caretaker Prime Minister. He held the office for eleven days while the UAP elected a new leader. Page had been very close to Lyons, and he disliked Robert Menzies, Lyons's deputy, on the grounds that Menzies had been disloyal to Lyons. When Menzies was elected.
Doug Anthony - Margot Budd, with whom he had three children. In the same year Larry Anthony, who was Postmaster-General in the Liberal-Country Party coalition government led by Robert Menzies, died suddenly, and Doug was elected to succeed him in the House of Representatives, aged 27. He was appointed Minister for the Interior in 1964 (in Australia this is a minor position with none of the security functions it has in other countries). In 1967 he became Minister for Primary Industries. It was obvious that the Country Party leader, John McEwen, was grooming Anthony to succeed him. When McEwen retired in 1971 Anthony was duly chosen as his successor, becoming Minister for Trade and Industry and Deputy Prime Minister in the governments of John Gorton and William McMahon. He was an attractive figure and.
December 20 - Thomas Graham, Father of colloid chemistry (d. 1869) 1833 - Samuel Mudd, physician, possible conspirator in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln (d. 1883) 1856 - Ferdinand Avenarius, author (d. 1923) 1860 - Dan Leno, English entertainer (d. 1904) 1868 - Harvey Firestone, automobile pioneer (d. 1938) 1881 - Branch Rickey, baseball executive (d. 1965) 1886 - Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman, American tennis star (d. 1974) 1890 - Yvonne Arnaud, actress 1893 - Charlotte Bühler, psychologist 1894 - Sir Robert Menzies, Australian politician (d. 1978) 1898 - Irene Dunne, actress (d. 1990) 1901 - Robert Van de Graaff, physicist, inventor (d. 1967) 1902 - George Edward Alexander Windsor, Duke of Kent (d. 1942) 1902 - Max Lerner, American educator (d. 1992) 1902 - Sidney Hook, American philosopher (d. 1989) 1922 - George Roy.
1966 - the Fillmore, San Francisco. January 4 - Military coup in Upper Volta (later Burkina Faso). January 12 - Lyndon Johnson states that the United States should stay in South Vietnam until Communist aggression there is ended. January 13 - Robert C. Weaver becomes the first African American Cabinet member by being appointed United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. January 15 - A violent military coup in Nigeria January 17 - The Nigerian coup is overturned. January 17 - A B-52 bomber collides with a KC-135 jet tanker over Spain, dropping three 70-kiloton hydrogen bombs near the town of Palomares and one into the sea January 19 - Indira Gandhi is elected Prime Minister of India. January 26 - Harold Holt becomes Prime Minister of Australia when Robert Menzies retires..
1965 - launches Gemini 3 which is the United States' first two-person space flight took (crew: Gus Grissom and John Young). March 25 - Civil rights activists led by Martin Luther King, Jr begin march from Selma to the capitol in Montgomery. April 24 - Fighting breaks out in the Dominican Republic as officers loyal to deposed President Juan Bosch lead a mutiny against the right wing junta running the country. US troops are later sent by President Lyndon B. Johnson for the stated purpose of protecting US citizens and preventing an alleged Communist takeover of the country. April 28 - Vietnam War: Australian Prime Minister Robert Menzies announces that the country will substantially increase its number of troops in South Vietnam, supposedly at the request of the Saigon government, although it is.
Aberfeldy - Kinross, Scotland, on the River Tay. Notable buildings in the town include Castle Menzies and the Aberfeldy Water Mill, which still produces oatmeal. Robert Burns featured the town in his poem, The Birks of Aberfeldy. '''Aberfeldy is also the name of some places in Canada: Aberfeldy, Ontario Aberfeldy, Saskatchewan.
