Cedilla - Cedilla A cedilla is a hook (¸) added under certain consonant letters as a diacritic mark to modify their pronunciation. The tail is the bottom half of a miniature cursive z or yogh: ȝ (). The name "cedilla" is the diminutive of the old Spanish name for zed, ceda. An obsolete spelling of "cedilla" is "cerilla" because the letters d and r were interchangeable in 16th-century Spanish. The most frequent character with cedilla is the ç (c with cedilla). This letter was used for the sound of the affricate [ts] in old Spanish. Contemporary Spanish does not use it anymore since an orthographic reform in the 18th century. C-cedilla was adopted for writing other languages, like French, Portuguese, Catalan, unofficial Basque, Occitan, and some Friulian dialects,.
S-cedilla - S-cedilla Ş ş (S-cedilla) is a letter used in Turkish, Azeri, Tatar, Kurdish and Turkmenian languages. This letter is pronounced similarly to "sh". Example words: Timişoara, Eskişehir.
French alphabet - writing 'oe' instead of a ligatured 'Å“' does not present comprehension problems: few pair of words, if any, differ only by such a ligature; and it was customary with old typewriters and old computers to write 'oe' instead of the often inexistent 'Å“' character. A few words like 'moelleux' have 'oe' written without a ligature. Notes: 'W' is rarely used except in loanwords or regional words, 'Ou' is used to represent the /w/ sound; vowels are A, E, I, O, U, sometimes Y; semi-vowels are Y, rarely W (except regionally, for instance in Belgium); used diacritic marks are acute (´), grave (`), circumflex (^), diaeresis (¨), and the cedilla. The most frequent combinations are: à é è ù ç â ê î ô û ë ï ü. The diacritics have no.
Diacritic - marks: acute accent ( ´ ) ring¹ above ( ° ) used for angstrom (Å), aka krouzek breve ( ˘ ) caron or háček ( ˇ ) cedilla ( ¸ ) circumflex ( ^ ) umlaut¹ or diaeresis ( ¨ ) double acute accent ( ˝ ) grave accent ( ` ) macron ( ¯ ) ogonek ( ˛ ) spiritus asper spiritus lenis ¹/ Strictly taken not diacritics but parts of the character. Marks that are sometimes diacritics, but also have other uses, are: bar (through the basic letter) comma tilde ( ˜ ) Usage Grave, acute, circumflex, cedilla and diaeresis are used in French. However, not all diacritics occur on all vowels in French: Acute only occurs on e (é) Grave occurs on e (è), a (à), and u.
SAMPA chart - d voiced alveolar or dental stop English do, Italian cade, Spanish andar ts ʦ voiceless alveolar affricate Italian azzurro, pizza, German Zeit dz ʣ voiced alveolar affricate Italian zio, grazie tS ʧ voiceless postalveolar affricate English chair, picture, Spanish mucho, Italian cena, German Deutsche dZ ʤ voiced postalveolar affricate English gin, joy, Italian giorno c c voiceless palatal stop Greek [ce] 'and', Hungarian tyúk 'hen', like British tune J J (overstroked j) voiced palatal stop Hungarian egy 'one', like British dune k k voiceless velar stop English cat, kill, queen g g voiced velar stop English go, get q q voiceless uvular stop Arabic qof p\\ φ (Greek phi) voiceless bilabial fricative Japanese fu B β (Greek beta) voiced bilabial fricative Spanish cabo, calvo (*) f f voiceless labiodental fricative English.
Special Romanian Unicode characters - /ts/. Although the correct ones are "s with comma below" and, respectively, "t with comma below", a lot of texts printed after 1860 incorrectly use "s with cedilla" and "t with cedilla". This error has been perpetuated in all character encoding standards for Central and Eastern Europe (including ISO-8859-2), which include "s" and "t" with cedillas. To make matters more complicated, most computer fonts have "s-cedilla" with a cedilla (like the Turkish equivalent) and "t-cedilla" with a comma below. ISO-8859-16 remedies this, including "s" and "t" with comma below on the same places "s" and "t" with cedilla were in ISO-8859-2. Unfortunately, "s" and "t" with comma below are not well supported in modern computer operating systems and fonts. This is why most electronic content in Romanian is still encoded using.
Romanian language - peculiarity of Romanian is that it is the only Romance language that has the definite article attached to the end of the noun (as in Swedish) instead of being a separate word in front. Gender Noun Definite article Noun with article Feminine carte = book -a cartea = the book Masculine drum = road -ul drumul = the road See also: Romanian declension Verbs Romanian has the same four groups of verbs as Latin and unlike English, it has no sequence of tenses nor strict rules regarding their use, but it does has many alternatives (for example, it has six different types of future tense). See also: Romanian conjugation Writing system The oldest written text in Romanian is a letter from 1521 ("Neacşu of Câmpulung's letter"). It is written using the.
Latin alphabet - Q in front of /u, o/. The letters thus stand for different allophones of /k/ (in the case of Latin, also /g/ and probably the phonemes /k_w/ and /g _w/ in the case of QU and GU). These spelling rules are due to the names of the letters: gamma or gemma; kappa; qoppa or quppa (Wachter 15). In Etruscan there was no /o/, so Q was used both in front of /o/ and /u/ in Latin. Y and Z were later additions taken from the Greek alphabet. G was created by Spurius Carvilius Ruga (who flourished around 230 BC) as a modification of C (Sampson 109). F (digamma) stood for /w/ in both Etruscan and Latin, but the Romans simplified the FH-/f/combination to F /f/. The semi-vowels /w, j/ and the.
List of linguistic topics - M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A abbreviation - abessive case - ablaut - absolutive case - accusative case - acute accent - accent - acronym - adessive case - adjective - adverb - affix - affricate consonant - agglutination - agglutinative language - allative case - allomorph - allophone - alphabet - analytic language - anaphora - anthropological linguistics - alveolar consonant - antonym - approximant - article - articulatory phonetics - aspect - asterisk - augment - auxiliary verb B back-formation - backronym - bilabial consonant - breathy voice - breve C calque - cardinal vowel - case - cedilla - circumfix - circumflex - click consonant - closed-class word - cognate - cognitive science - coherence (linguistics) - colloquialism -.
