J-circumflex - J-circumflex "Ĵ", or "ĵ", is a consonant and letter in the Esperanto alphabet. Since each letter in Esperanto has a consistent sound, this letter is always pronounced the same; its sound is represented by [Z] in SAMPA. See also: Esperanto orthography, Ĉ, Ĝ, Ĥ, Ŝ, Ŭ.
H-circumflex - H-circumflex "Ĥ", or "ĥ", is a consonant and letter in the Esperanto alphabet. Since each letter in Esperanto has a consistent sound, this letter is always pronounced the same; its sound is represented by [x] in SAMPA. In the case of the minuscule, some fonts place the circumflex over the mast of the h; others over the n-like part, beside the mast; and others, centred above the entire letter. See also: Esperanto orthography, Ĉ, Ĝ, Ĵ, Ŝ, Ŭ.
G-circumflex - G-circumflex "Ĝ", or "ĝ", is a consonant and letter in the Esperanto alphabet. Since each letter in Esperanto has a consistent sound, this letter is always pronounced the same; its sound is represented by [dZ] in SAMPA. The letter is also used in Unangam Tunuu (see Aleut language), where it represents a voiced uvular fricative. The corresponding voiceless sound is represented by x̂. See also: Esperanto orthography, Ĉ, Ĥ, Ĵ, Ŝ, Ŭ.
C-circumflex - C-circumflex "Ĉ", or "ĉ", is a consonant and letter in the Esperanto alphabet. Since each letter in Esperanto has a consistent sound, this letter is always pronounced the same; its sound is represented by [tS] in SAMPA. See also: Esperanto orthography, Ĝ, Ĥ, Ĵ, Ŝ, Ŭ.
Circumflex - Circumflex The circumflex (ˆ) is a diacritic mark used in written French, Esperanto, Norwegian, and other languages. In French the circumflex is used on the vowels â, ê, î, ô, and û. It is largely redundant. It marks the former presence of the letter s in the spelling of the word. For example, hôpital, forêt. In Esperanto, it is used on ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, and ŝ. It indicates a completely different consonant from the unaccented form, and is considered a separate letter for purposes of collation. See Esperanto orthography. In Norwegian, it is used, with the exception of loan words, on ô and ê, almost exclusively in the words "fôr" (from Norse fóðr, meaning "animal food", and "vêr", meaning "weather". In English, the circumflex is.
S-circumflex - S-circumflex "Ŝ", or "ŝ", is a consonant and letter in the Esperanto alphabet. Since each letter in Esperanto has a consistent sound, this letter is always pronounced the same; its sound is represented by [S] in SAMPA. See also: Esperanto orthography, Ĉ, Ĝ, Ĥ, Ĵ, Ŭ.
Kunrei-shiki - ja zya dya ぢゅ ju zyu dyu ぢょ jo zyo dyo Long vowels are represented by a circumflex in the modern system, although the older Kunrei-shiki specification called for macrons..
JSL - and Osaka, for instance, would be transcribed Tookyoo and Oosaka in JSL. When diacritics are used in JSL, they mark the pitch of each mora, a feature that is unique to the system. An acute (´) vowel denotes the first high-pitch mora, a grave (`) marks the last high-pitch mora, and a circumflex (ˆ) marks the only high-pitch mora in a word. JSL is not popular outside of academic settings because it is unintuitive for speakers of other languages to pronounce. Most English speakers, for instance, would pronounce a double-O as in "boot," whereas a double-O in JSL would be pronounced as in the English word "go." JSL also retains the unintutive consonants of the Nippon-shiki system..
Hacek - and Baltic languages. The word haček means "little hook" in Czech. It looks like an inverted circumflex (^). The use of hacek (and the acute) for Latin characters was introduced by Jan Hus in the 15th century into the Czech language and today it is also used by the Slovaks, Slovenians, Croatians, Serbs, Upper Lusatian and Lower Lusatian Sorbs, Lithuanians, Latvians and partly by the Poles. It is also often used for international transliteration. Examples of letters with the háček/caron: Č/č Å /Å¡ Ž/ž The HACEK organisms are a set of slow-growing Gram negative bacteria that a part of the human normal flora and are a frequent cause of endocarditis in children. The name is formed from their initials: Haemophilus aphrophilus and Haemophilus paraphrophilus Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Cardiobacterium hominis Eikenella corrodens Kingella kingae.
Humerus - The head, nearly hemispherical in form, 54 is directed upward, medialward, and a little backward, and articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula. The circumference of its articular surface is slightly constricted and is termed the anatomical neck, in contradistinction to a constriction below the tubercles called the surgical neck which is frequently the seat of fracture. Fracture of the anatomical neck rarely occurs. The Anatomical Neck (collum anatomicum) is obliquely directed, forming an obtuse angle with the body. It is best marked in the lower half of its circumference; in the upper half it is represented by a narrow groove separating the head from the tubercles. It affords attachment to the articular capsule of the shoulder-joint, and is perforated by numerous vascular foramina. The Greater Tubercle ('tuberculum majus; greater.
Umlaut - nor of diacritical marking. Hence it ought to be improper to call these characters umlauts; however, there is no more precise descriptor in English. When typing in German, if umlaut letters are not available, they are usually replaced by the underlying vowel and a following e. In Switzerland, capital umlauts are usually printed as digraphss, i.e., Ae, Oe, Ue, since they are generally not used nor included on Swiss keyboards. In HTML umlauts are circumscribed with an &?uml; entity. All umlauts, as well as the ess-tsett (another letter used in German, although not an umlaut included here for reference), are part of the ISO-8859-1 character set and thus have the same codepoints in ISO-8859-1 and Unicode. See the following table: Character Replacement HTML entity Unicode/ISO-8859-1 codepoint ä ae ä 0x00E4 ö.
Grave accent - can type the letters à, è, ì, ò, and ù. Dozens more letters with the grave accent are available in Unicode. Unicode also provides the grave accent as a combining character. In the ASCII character set the grave accent is encoded as character 96, hex 60. Outside the US character 96 is often replaced by the local currency symbol. Many UK computers have the UK pound symbol as character 96. Many of the UNIX shells use pairs of this character -- known as backquote -- to indicate substitution of the standard output from one command into a line of text defining another command. In Lisp macro systems, the backquote character (called quasiquote in Scheme) introduces a quoted expression in which comma-substitution may occur. It is identical to the plain quote, except.
Gwohngdongwaa pengyam - aw [ɠu] ow [ow] Short vowels are those in short yunmus, and long vowels in long yunmus. All short vowels are pronounced with tighter, smaller enclosure of lips than are their long counterparts. Orthography Long yunmus followed by consonants: Ru: aap aat aak Ping/shang/qu: aam aan aang ehk ehng ip it im in oht ohk ohn ohng ut un oet uet uen Short yunmus followed by consonants: Ru: ap at ak P/S/Q: am an ang ek eng ot ok on ong Tones Diacritic mark is usually displayed above the FIRST letter in a bi-letter vowel like "aa" and "oe": Yin1Ping2 or high Yin1Ru4 (Yam1Peng4 also high Yam1Yap6): aa1, äa (umlaut) Yin1Shang3(Yam1Soeng5): aa2, ãa (tilde) Yin1Qu4 or low Yin1Ru4 (Yam1Hoy3 also low Yam1Yap6): aa3, âa (circumflex) Yang2Ping2(Yoeng4Peng4): aa4, aa (plain) Yang2Shang3(Yoeng4Soeng5): aa5,.
French alphabet - Å’ However writing 'oe' instead of a ligatured 'Å“' does not present comprehension problems: few pair of words, if any, differ only by such a ligature; and it was customary with old typewriters and old computers to write 'oe' instead of the often inexistent 'Å“' character. A few words like 'moelleux' have 'oe' written without a ligature. Notes: 'W' is rarely used except in loanwords or regional words, 'Ou' is used to represent the /w/ sound; vowels are A, E, I, O, U, sometimes Y; semi-vowels are Y, rarely W (except regionally, for instance in Belgium); used diacritic marks are acute (´), grave (`), circumflex (^), diaeresis (¨), and the cedilla. The most frequent combinations are: à é è ù ç â ê î ô û ë ï ü. The diacritics.
Esperanto - "hh", "jh", "sh" and "u". Esperantists have also developed a system of using the letter "x" to signify these special characters; this system is called the X-System. Also, this tends to mainly be a criticism among English speakers using the ASCII character set. RE: Esperanto uses sexist suffixes by adding -in to express the female version of the concept, similarly to German. Much of the language was taken from already existing languages and since many languages use gender-specific words as both nouns and adjectives, Esperanto also inherited this trait. This can be seen as not "sexist", but gender-specific. This detail makes Esperanto a more precise language than some others. To solve the "ŝi-li" (she-he) problem when there is a possible confusion, some are using "ŝli" instead of "li"; "tiu" (that one).
Esperanto orthography - w, x, and y being omitted). The remaining six are accented letters, which appear as follows: ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ (c, g, h, j, and s with circumflex), and ŭ (u with breve). The full alphabet appears as follows:- a b c ĉ d e f g ĝ h ĥ i j ĵ k l m n o p r s ŝ t u ŭ v z The alphabet is phonetic in that each letter has a consistent sound, although the mapping from phonemes to letters is not always unique because certain letters are pronounced as combinations of other letters (c = ts; ĉ = tŝ; ĝ = dĵ). In handwritten Esperanto, the accented letters cause no problems. However, since none of them appear on standard alphanumeric keyboards, various different.
Diacritic - acute accent ( ´ ) ring¹ above ( ° ) used for angstrom (Å), aka krouzek breve ( ˘ ) caron or háček ( ˇ ) cedilla ( ¸ ) circumflex ( ^ ) umlaut¹ or diaeresis ( ¨ ) double acute accent ( ˝ ) grave accent ( ` ) macron ( ¯ ) ogonek ( ˛ ) spiritus asper spiritus lenis ¹/ Strictly taken not diacritics but parts of the character. Marks that are sometimes diacritics, but also have other uses, are: bar (through the basic letter) comma tilde ( ˜ ) Usage Grave, acute, circumflex, cedilla and diaeresis are used in French. However, not all diacritics occur on all vowels in French: Acute only occurs on e (é) Grave occurs on e (è), a (à), and u (ù).
Diaeresis - a preceding vowel. For example, veïna [b@'in@] ("neighbour", feminine), diürn [di'urn] ("diurnal"). The same diacritic mark is used for a different purpose in German: in this language it marks a variation in the pronunciation of vowels known as an umlaut. In Finnish, Hungarian and North Germanic languages (i.e., Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish) characters looking similar to German umlauts (ü, ä, ö, and å) are in fact considered as letters of their own merits, despite them representing sounds similar to the corresponding sounds in German. As it is not a case of marking grammatical variation, i.e. of tempus or modus, nor of syllable modification, it is in fact neither a case of umlaut nor of diacritical marking. Hence it ought to be improper to call these characters umlauts, however, no better.
Tagalog - pronouns. English who, what, when, where, why, which, and how directly translate to Tagalog sino, ano, kailan (also kelan), saan, bakit, alin, and paano. Verbs Sentence patterns Sentences in Tagalog are often in the predicate-subject order, reverse that of English. Sometimes, the predicate, if it contains a transitive verb, is split into two with the object of the verb following the subject. Almost all sentences can be transformed into the subject-predicate order, but is rarely done, and usually only for emphasis. Here are examples with their literal English translations preserving word order. Common order: Nagbasa ako ng aklat. Read I a book. Transformed: Ako ay nagbasa ng aklat. I read a book. Common order: Binasa ko ang aklat. Read by me was the book. Transformed: Ang aklat ay binasa ko. The.
Acute accent - háček is used in Czech and other Slavic languages; eg. sześć [sheshch] (six). In Czech and Slovak, the acute accent is used to indicate a long vowel. A "long vowel" in Czech means a vowel that is sustained for a greater length of time; it does not have the same meaning as a "long vowel" in English. The letter u can have an acute accent only at the beginning of a word in Czech. To indicate a long u in the middle or at the end of a word, a kroužek (ring) is used instead, to form ů. In Vietnamese and some other tonal languages, the acute accent is used to indicate a rising tone. A number of English words are written with the accute accent, mainly those borrowed from French..
