Sedative - Sedative A sedative is a drug that depresses the central nervous system (CNS), which causes calmness, relaxation, reduction of anxiety, sleepiness, slowed breathing, slurred speech, staggering gait, poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes. Sedatives may be referred to as tranquilizers, anxiolytics, soporifics, sleeping pills, downers, or sedative-hypnotics. At high doses or when they are abused, many of these drugs can cause unconsciousness and death. Downers. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Types of Sedative 2 Therapeutic Use 3 Sedative Dependence 4 Abuse and Overdoses 5 Sedatives and Alcohol 6 Lookalikes 7 Sedative Drugs and Crime Types of Sedative Alcohol is the oldest known sedative but is not used clinically for this purpose. Barbiturates and benzodiazepines are the two major categories of oral sedative used in clinical practice..
Ketamine - unknown medical history (e.g. from traffic accidents), in podiatry and other minor surgery, and occasionally for the treatment of migraine. In veterinary medicine, it is usually used for large animals, such as horses. It can also be used, in conjunction with other sedative agents, in small animal surgery -- particularly to aid in the handling of difficult cats, rabbits, and rats. Ketamine depresses respiratory and circulatory functions less than other anesthetics do. When used in anesthetic doses, it sometimes stimulates the circulatory system rather than depresses it. It is sometimes possible to perform ketamine anesthesia without protective measures to the airways. Ketamine is also a potent analgesic and can be used in sub-anesthetic doses to relieve acute pain; however, its psychotropic properties must be taken into account. There is research going.
Javed Iqbal - afterwards. The boys that he killed were taken off the street. Each boy, taken to his house and drugged by a sedative. Iqbal asked each boy about his life and jotted down notes on what the boys were like. Iqbal then raped each boy and then slowly strangled each boy with an iron chain after that. He then cut the body of each boy into pieces put the pieces in a vat filled with acid. Once all of the remains were liquified, he dumped them. He first used the sewer until neighbors complained of an acrid stench. He then decided to use the Ravi River. The partially liquified remains of two boys, one of whom was named Ijaz, were the only ones found of the 100 boys that Iqbal killed. They.
Jesse Dirkhising - nearby Prairie Grove, tied to a mattress. Police investigation determined that Dirkising had been repeatedly anally raped over a period of hours, including with foreign objects. His ankles, knees and wrists had been bound in duct tape and he was gagged and blindfolded with his own underpants, held in place with a bandanna. He had been administered a sedative. He died in hospital shortly afterwards, his death attributed to asphyxia. (In March 2001 Brown was found guilty of first-degree murder and rape. He was sentenced to life in prison, and this sentence was upheld on appeal by the Arkansas Supreme Court in September 2003. In April Carpenter pleaded guilty to similar charges and was also sentenced to life.) On October 22, 1999, The Washington Times, a conservative newspaper, ran a story.
Insomnia - and/or passion-flower. Some traditional 'cures' for insomnia involve drinking warm milk before bedtime, taking a warm bath in the evening, exercising vigorously for half an hour in the afternoon, eating a large lunch, then a light evening meal at least three hours before bed, avoiding mentally stimulating activities in the evening hours, and paradoxically, making sure to get up early in the morning and to retire to bed at a reasonable hour. Traditional Chinese medicine practitioners have been treating insomnia sufferers for thousands of years. A typical approach may utilize acupuncture, dietary and lifestyle analysis, herbology and other techniques, with the goal of rebalancing the body's energies to resolve the problem at a subtle level. Although they seem unscientific, many of these 'cures' are sufficient to break the insomnia cycle without.
Haloperidol - in delusional individuals and to treat Tourette's syndrome. It has been used offlabel in the treatment of a number of other conditions but without formal approval. It works by acting on the dopamine receptors in the brain. The drug is classified as a high-potency antipsychotic, which means that it has a smaller dose (in the tens of milligrams) and fewer sedative than other antipsychotics. The drug is also significant in that it was designed and not discovered through trial and error. Once it became clear that antipsychotics worked by blocking dopamine receptors, Haloperidol was designed by producing a molecule that would do exactly that. Haloperidol is an odourless white to yellow crystalline powder. Its chemical name is 4-[4-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidino]-4'-fluorobutyrophenone and its empirical formula is C21H23ClFNO2 The drug is noted for its strong.
Gilda Radner - Something. The book was written by Radner in tribute to cancer sufferers everywhere, and she used humor to overcome tragedy and pain. The book's title came from a common catch-phrase from her Saturday Night Live character Roseanne Rosannadanna, who would often quote an elderly relative by saying "My Uncle used to say...it's always something! If it's not one thing, it's something else!" In 1989 doctors did a more detailed examination and discovered that Radner's cancerous cells had not all been removed and had spread to other areas of the body. She died in Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, in 1989, where she had been admitted for a CAT scan. She was given a sedative and passed into a coma. After three days, she died without regaining consciousness but with.
Glutethimide - Glutethimide 'Glutethimide' is a hypnotic sedative that was introduced in 1954 as a safe alternative to barbiturates to treat insomnia. Before long, however, it had become clear that Glutethimide was just as liable to cause addiction and caused similarly severe withdrawal symptoms. It is now a schedule III controlled substance in the United States. Demerol is the brand-name version of this drug..
Flunitrazepam - Flunitrazepam as a date-rape drug 3 Abuse as a recreational drug 4 Adverse affects of abuse Medical uses Like other benzodiazepines (such as Valium, Librium, Xanax, and Halcion), flunitrazepam's pharmacological effects include sedation, muscle relaxation, reduction in anxiety, and prevention of convulsions. However, flunitrazepam's sedative effects are approximately 7 to 10 times more potent than diazepam (Valium). The effects of flunitrazepam appear approximately 15 to 20 minutes after administration and last approximately four to six hours. Some residual effects can be found 12 hours or more after administration. Flunitrazepam has never been approved for medical use in the United States, and it was placed into Schedule IV of the Controlled Substances Act in 1984 but after it became highly abused it was place into Schedule I and remains under that classification..
Ethchlorvynol - Ethchlorvynol Ethchlorvynol is a sedative and hypnotic drug. It is been used to treat insomnia but has been largely superceded and is only offered where an intolerance or allergy to other drugs exists. Along with expected sedative effects of relaxation and drowsiness ethchlorvynol can cause skin rashes, faintness, restlessness and euphoria. Early adjustment side effects can include nausea and vomiting, numbness, blurred vision, stomach pains and temporary dizziness. An overdose is marked by confusion, fever, peripheral numbness and weakness, reduced coordination and muscle control, slurred speech, reduce heartbeat. It is addictive and after prolonged use can cause withdrawal symptoms including convulsions, hallucinations and memory loss. Due to these problems it is unusual for ethchlorvynol to be prescribed for periods exceeding seven days. It is a barbituric acid, the.
DXM - Racemethorphan and demorphan hydrobromide. The advantages of DXM over codeine are the absence of constipation and (physical) addiction; it is also less sedative. DXM is recreationally used as a psychedelic drug that can cause dissociation and dreamlike mental effects, as well as visual and aural hallucinations that can last eight hours or longer in sufficiently high dosage, and can even include "out of body experiences" at very high doses. The user generally feels "disconnected" from reality, or disoriented. DXM can also cause vomiting, fever and death. There is also the possibility of psychological addiction. Unlike ketamine and PCP, DXM is legal in most places. The dissociative experiences associated with DXM are similar to those of ketamine. DXM has a longer biological half life than ketamine, and the unpleasant side effects are.
Diphenhydramine - name Benadryl) is an over-the-counter antihistamine and sedative. It is also given in conjunction with typical antipsychotics to prevent tardive dyskinesia. This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it..
Aconite - gives place to a long-continued anaesthetic action. Taken internally aconite acts very notably on the circulation, the respiration and the nervous system. The pulse is slowed, the number of beats per minute being actually reduced, under considerable doses, to forty, or even thirty, per minute. The blood-pressure synchronously falls, and the heart is arrested in diastole. Immediately before arrest the heart may beat much faster than normally, though with extreme irregularity, and in the lower animals the auricles may be observed occasionally to miss a beat, as in poisoning by veratrine and colchicum. The action of aconitine on the circulation is due to an initial stimulation of the cardio-inhibitory centre in the medulla oblongata (at the root of the vagus nerves), and later to a directly toxic influence on the nerve-ganglia.
Amnesia - or functional. Organic causes include damage to the brain, through trauma or disease, or use of certain (generally sedative) drugs. Functional causes are psychological factors, such as defense mechanisms. Hysterical post-traumatic amnesia is an example of this. Amnesia may also be spontaneous, in the case of transient global amnesia. This global type of amnesia is more common in middle-aged to elderly people, particularly males, and usually lasts less than 24 hours. Amnesia can be temporary. As someone recovers, older memories will generally return first. The memories of the event that caused the amnesia are often never recalled. Treatment varies according to the type of amnesia and the cause of the problem. Sufferers of amnesia should seek medical attention. Types of Amnesia In anterograde amnesia, new events are not transferred to long-term.
Barbiturate - Today barbiturates are mainly used as anticonvulsants and for the induction of anesthesia. These barbiturates are available in the US: Amobarbital (hypnotic) Aprobarbital (hypnotic) Butabarbital (hypnotic) Butalbital (sedative) Mephobarbital (antianxiety) Pentobarbital (hypnotic) Phenobarbital (anticonvulsant) Secobarbital (hypnotic) Thiobarbital (anesthetic) Barbiturate abuse Barbiturates were very popular in the first half of the 20th century. In moderate amounts, these drugs produce a state of intoxication that is remarkably similar to alcohol intoxication. Symptoms include slurred speech, loss of motor coordination, and impaired judgment. Depending on the dose, frequency, and duration of use, one can rapidly develop tolerance, physical dependence, and psychological dependence to barbiturates. With the development of tolerance, the margin of safety between the effective dose and the lethal dose becomes very narrow. That is, in order to obtain the same level of.
Benzodiazepine - potential and relatively lower adverse reactions or interactions. However, drowsiness, ataxia, confusion, vertigo, impaired judgement and a number of other effects are common. Benzodiazepines are divided into three groups for treatment of insomnia. Short-acting compounds act for less than six hours and have few residual effects, but rebound insomnia is common and anxiety levels may increase. Intermediate-acting compunds have an effect for 6-10 hours, may have mild residual effects but rebound insomnia is not common. Long-acting compunds have strong sedative effects that persist and accumulation may occur. Some examples of benzodiazepines: diazepam ("Valium") oxazepam (a metabolite of diazepam) alprazolam prazepam bromazepam clorazepate dipotassium lorazepam temazepam medazepam flunitrazepam clonazepam Benzodiazepines used to be widely prescribed medicines for stress-related ailments in the 1960s and 1970s. Diazepam under the proprietary name - Valium, was.
Thalidomide - names is 2-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione) is a sedative and hypnotic drug that was sold during the 1950s and 1960s as a sleeping aid and to pregnant women as an antiemetic to combat morning sickness and other symptoms. Thalidomide is most widely known for the large number of severe birth defects discovered in the babies of women who had taken the drug during the 1960s. The drug was synthesized at Chemie Grünenthal in West Germany in 1953. It was marketed from October 1, 1957 mainly in Germany and Britain and was available in around fifty countries, although not in the USA, under at least forty different names (such as Talimol, Kevadon, Nibrol, Sedimide, Quietoplex, Contergan, Neurosedyn, etc.). It was later (1960-61) found to be teratogenic in fetal development, most visibly as a cause of.
Cancer of the larynx - the larynx. If you are concerned about your chance of getting cancer of the larynx, you should discuss this concern with your health care provider. Your health care provider may suggest ways to reduce your risk and can plan an appropriate schedule for checkups. Symptoms The symptoms of cancer of the larynx depend mainly on the size of the tumor and where it is in the larynx. Symptoms may include the following: Hoarseness or other voice changes A lump in the neck A sore throat or feeling that something is stuck in your throat A cough that does not go away Problems breathing Bad breath An earache Weight loss These symptoms may be caused by cancer or by other, less serious problems. Only a doctor can tell for sure. Diagnosis If.
Chlorpromazine - chlorpromazine hydrochloride and sold under the tradenames Largactil (the "liquid cosh") and Thorazine, it has sedative, hypotensive and antiemetic properties as well as anticholinergic and antidopaminergic effects. Today, Chlorpromazine is considered a typical antipsychotic. It is classified as a low-potency antipsychotic and is used in the treatment of both acute and chronic psychoses, including schizophrenia and the manic phase of manic depression. It is also used in porphyria, as part of tetanus treatment, for behavioral problems in children and as a preanesthetic. It is derived from phenothiazine, its chemical name is 2-chloro-10-[3(-dimethylamino) propyl] phenothiazine monohydrochioride and its molecular formula is C17H19ClN2S.HCl. Previously used as an antihistamine and antiemetic its effects on mental state were first reported by the French doctor Henri Laborit in 1952 as sedation without narcosis. It was first.
Chloral hydrate - Chloral hydrate Chloral hydrate is a sedative and hypnotic drug. Also known as trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-ethanediol, 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-ethanediol and the tradenames Aquachloral, Novo-Chlorhydrate, Somnos or Noctec. Its empirical formula is C2H3Cl3O2. It is used for the short-term treatment of insomnia and as a sedative before minor medical or dental treatment. It has been largely displaced by the development of benzodiazepines. It is also used as in vetinary medicine as a general anesthetic. In theraputic doses for insomnia it is effective within sixty minutes, it is rapidly metabolized into trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid. Higher doses can depress respiration and blood pressure. An overdose is marked by confusion, convulsions, nausea and vomiting, severe drowsiness, slow and irregular breathing and cardiac arrhythmia, weakness, it may also cause liver damage. It is moderately addictive. Chronic.
