VESA Display Power Management Signaling - shut off the monitor after the computer has been idle for some time. DPMS was based on the EPA Energy Star specifications. The standard defines how to signal the H-sync and V-sync pins in a standard SVGA monitor to trigger the monitor's power saving capabilities. DPMS defines four modes, normal, standby, suspended and off. In off some power may still be drawn in order to power indicator lights. The standard is: Normal Standby Suspended Off H-sync on off on off V-sync on on off off Power use 100% <80% <30W <8W Compare to screen saver..
Jam signal - Jam signal In telecommunication, a jam signal is a signal that carries a bit pattern sent by a data station to inform the other stations that they must not transmit. Note 1: In carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) networks, the jam signal indicates that a collision has occurred. Note 2: In carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) networks, the jam signal indicates that the sending station intends to transmit. Note 3: "Jam signal" should not be confused with "electronic jamming." Source: from Federal Standard 1037C.
Interval signal - Interval signal An interval signal is a characteristic sound or musical phrase used in international broadcasting and by some domestic broadcasters. It serves several purposes: It assists a listener to tune his or her radio to the correct frequency for the station. It informs other stations that the frequency is in use. It serves as a station identifier even if the language used in the subsequent broadcast is not one the listener understands. The practice began in Europe in the 1920s and 1930s and was carried over into shortwave broadcasts. The use of interval signals has declined with the advent of digital tuning systems, but has not vanished. Broadcasting Services and Interval Signals BBC World Service in English: Bow Bells Radio Australia: Chorus of Waltzing Matilda on.
Isochronous signal - Isochronous signal In telecommunication, an isochronous signal is a signal in which the time interval separating any two significant instants is equal to the unit interval or a multiple of the unit interval. Note 1: Variations in the time intervals are constrained within specified limits. Note 2: "Isochronous" is a characteristic, while "synchronous" indicates a relationship. Source: from Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188.
Karl Guthe Jansky - might interfere with radio voice transmissions. He built an antenna designed to receive radio waves at a frequency of 20.5 MHz (wavelength about 14.5 meters). It was mounted on a turntable that allowed it to rotate in any direction, earning it the name "Jansky's merry-go-round". By rotating the antenna, one could find what the direction was to any radio signal. After recording signals from all directions for several months, Jansky identified three types of static: nearby thunderstorms, distant thunderstorms, and a faint steady hiss of unknown origin. Jansky spent over a year investigating the third type of static. It rose and fell once a day, leading Jansky to think at first that he was seeing radiation from the Sun. But after a few months of following the signal, the brightest point.
Kalman filter - noisy equations of motion in real time by the least-squares method. It is used to separate signal from noise so as to optimally predict changes in a modeled system with time. Kalman filtering is used extensively in control systems engineering. Compare with: Wiener filter.
Vertical interval timecode - black-and-white bars in a pair of the normally unseen vertical interval lines in a television signal. There can be more than one VITC pair in a single frame of video: this can be used to encode extra data that will not fit in a standard timecode frame. VITC contains the 64 data bits of the SMPTE linear timecode frame embedded in a new frame structure with extra synchronization bits and an error-detection checksum. The VITC code is always repeated on two adjacent video lines, one in each field. This internal redundancy is exploited by VITC readers, in addition to the standard timecode "flywheel" algorithm. A video frame may if necessary contain more than one VITC code, recorded on different line-pairs. This is often used in production, where different entities may want.
Karlheinz Brandenburg - returned to Erlangen to research on audio coding techniques 1993 appointed head at the Fraunhofer Institute für Integrierte Schaltungen (Fraunhofer IIS-A) He also authored a book called Applications of Digital Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics. He currently holds 24 different patents on audio coding techniques, with several more pending..
Kaiser window - a nearly optimal window function wk used for digital signal processing, and is defined by the formula: where I0 is the zeroth order modified Bessel function of the first kind, α is an arbitrary real number that determines the shape of the window, and the integer n is the length of the window. By construction, this function peaks at unity for k = n/2, i.e. at the center of the window, and decays exponentially towards the window edges. The larger the value of α, the narrower the window becomes; α = 0 corresponds to a rectangular window. Conversely, for larger α the width of the main lobe increases in the Fourier transform of wk, while the side lobes decrease in amplitude. Thus, this parameter controls the tradeoff between main-lobe width and.
Key frame - frame is a frame encoded without reference to any images in another frame. In non-linear digital video editing, a key frame is a frame used to indicate the beginning or end of a change made to the signal. For instance, a key frame could be set to indicate the point at which audio will have faded up or down to a certain level. This article (or an earlier version of it) contains material from FOLDOC, used with permission..
Kendall effect - in a facsimile record copy caused by unwanted modulation products arising from the transmission of a carrier signal, and appearing in the form of a rectified baseband that interferes with the lower sideband of the carrier. Note: The Kendall effect occurs principally when the single-sideband width is greater than half of the facsimile carrier frequency. Source: from Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188.
Keying - key material into a device. In telecommunications, keying is a form of modulation where the modulating signal takes one of two values at all times. For example: "on" or "off", "mark" or "space". The name derives from the Morse code key used for telegraph signalling. In graphics, keying is an informal term for compositing two full frame images together, by discriminating the visual information into values of color and light. A chroma key is the removal of a color from one image to reveal another "behind" it. A luma key similarly replaces color from an images which falls into a particular range of brightness. This technique is less controllable, but can be used on graphic elements. A matte key uses three images: the two images that will be composited, and a.
Kemps - of a single rank in his hand and to have his partner recognize that fact aloud by yelling kemps or scenics before another team realizes. Prior to the game, partners may confer to create a signal to indicate when four cards of a rank have been accumulated. Partners sit opposite each other, with the playing surface in the middle. Each player is dealt four cards to begin the game. Four more cards are then turned face up on the central playing surface. All players may swap one of their cards for one of the central cards at any time. If it appears that no further swaps are desired, a player will verify this, clear the central four cards, and then turn up four new central cards. Cards that have been cleared.
Kilohertz - per second). kHz is most commonly used in reference to radio frequencies and audio signal processing. The name kilocycle is an obsolete name for the same concept..
Kitchener's Army divisional structure 1915 - Brigade, 4 Batteries - 4.5" Howitzers. and 1 B.A.C. Howitzer 1 Heavy Battery, 4 60 pounder and Heavy Battery A.C. 1 Divisional Ammunition Column. Engineers H.Q. Divisional Engineers 3 Field Companies Signals Service 1 Signal Company Pioneers 1 Pioneer Battalion, with 4 machine guns 3 Field Ambulances 1 Sanitary Section 1 Mobile Vetinary Section 1 Motor Ambulance Workshop 1 Divisional Train Number of troops and equipment: All Ranks: 19,614 Horses & Mules: 5,818 Guns: 68 of which: 18 pounder: 48 4.5" Howitzer: 16 16 Pounder: 4 Vickers Machine Guns: 52 Assorted Carts & Vehicles: 958 Cycles: 538 Motor Cycles: 19 Motor Cars: 11 Motor Lorries: 4 Motor Ambulances: 21.
Kitchener's Army divisional structure 1918 - - 6 x 18 pounders and 2 4,5 Howitzers 2 Medium Trench Mortar Batteries (6 x 2") 1 Divisional Ammunition Column Engineers H.Q. Divisional Engineers 3 Field Companies Signals Service 1 Signal Company Pioneers 1 Pioneer Battalion, comprising 4 Companies, with 16 Vickers machine guns each 3 Field Ambulances 1 Sanitary Section 1 Mobile Vetinary Section 1 Motor Ambulance Workshop 1 Divisional Train Number of troops and equipment: All Ranks: 16,035 Horses & Mules: 3,838 Guns: 48 of which: 18 pounder: 36 4.5" Howitzer: 12 Trench Mortars: 36 of which: Stokes: 24 Medium: 12 Machine Guns: 400 of which: Vickers: 64 Lewis: 336 Assorted Carts & Vehicles: 870 Cycles: 341 Motor Cycles: 44 Motor Cars: 11 Motor Lorries: 3 Motor Ambulances: 21.
VESA Display Data Channel - resolution of less than 1024x768, color with resolution of less than 1024x768, and color with 1024x768. The introduction of DDC dramatically improved the capabilities of the system. Instead of using the pins to define the monitor, the purpose of the pins was changed and ID1 was used as a serial line. Whenever the monitor received a vertical sync signal (every 60th of a second or so) it would read out its capabilities onto the ID1 pin. Up to 128 bytes of data, stored in compact format called EDID, could be sent to the graphics card in this fashion. Eventually even 128 bytes proved to be too little. While looking at methods to address the problem, VESA decided to once again redefine the pins, and created E-DDC (E for Extended). ID1 was.
Knife - the best all-around blade is an asymmetric spey, with the larger curve on the lower side. This is called a dropped spey. A clipped (4) blade is like a normal blade with a clip off the tip to make the tip thinner and sharper. The back edge of the clip can have a "cut swedge" that can be sharpened to make second edge. The sharp tip makes the blade exceptional as a pick, or for cutting in tight places. If the clip is sharpened, this is an attempt to make a working knife double as a fighting knife. This is another favorite knife shape, although it is not as strong as a spey. The Bowie is an attempt to make a clipped blade that's good for fighting, and as strong as.
Kraków - Russian rule, it became the centre of Polish culture and art. Famous painters, poets and writers worked here: Jan Matejko, Stanislaw Wyspianski, Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz, Stanislaw Przybyszewski, Jan Kasprowicz, Juliusz Kossak and Wojciech Kossak. Kraków became the main centre of Polish modernism (Young Poland), whose greatest representatives were Wyspianski and Przybyszewski. 20th century Here and in Warsaw national liberation movements began. During WWI Kraków Legions led by Jozef Pilsudski, together with Austrian and German troops, set out to fight for the liberation of Poland. In 1918 Kraków and Galicia becomes part of Poland. Following the German invasion of Poland, the Nazis entered the city in September 1939. It became the capital of the General Government, the Nazi colonial territory ruled by Hans Frank, who was later sentenced to death because of.
KY-57 - scramble (encrypt) the information being passed through it so only stations on our net having the same keys can receive the information. The KY-57 uses electronic keys to encrypt the information. The KY-57 can be rekeyed remotely, and can accept signal fades of up to 12 seconds without losing synchronization with the transmitting station. The KY-57 can be set up in the man-pack, vehicular, or fixed-site configuration..
