Thai solar calendar - Thai solar calendar The Thai solar, or Suriyakati, calendar is used in traditional and official contexts in Thailand, although the Western calendar is used for business. The months and days of the week are the same as those used in the Western calendar, only their names differ. The year however is counted from the Buddhist Era (B.E.), which is 543 years earlier than the Christian era (A.D). For example, 2003 A.D. is equivalent to 2546 B.E. The era is based on the death of Gautama Buddha, which is dated to 543 BC by the Thai. Until 1888 Thailand used a lunar calendar, in which the date of the New Year (Songkran) was between April 13 and 15. The new calendar, decreed by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), was.
Solar calendar - Solar calendar A solar calendar is a calendar whose date indicates the season for a given place on Earth. In a solar calendar, the year begins at approximately the same place in the cycle of seasons. To ensure this, the number of days in the year must vary from year to year. This can be done by having common years of 365 days and leap years of 366 days. The Islamic calendar is the most well known calendar that is not a solar calendar. Its year of 12 lunar months drifts slowly through the seasons. It is a lunar calendar. The following are solar calendars: Gregorian calendar Julian calendar Coptic calendar Thai solar calendar The following have lunar months and are thus lunisolar calendars: Hebrew calendar.
Iranian calendar - Iranian calendar Persians have always been keen on the idea and importance of calendar system for as long as their documented history has been recorded. They are among the first cultures to use solar calendar systems and have always favoured the solar calendar. In general, the sun has always, even to this day, had a special meaning and great symbolic significance in the Iranian culture. Today Iran uses a solar calendar with a leap day system which is older but more scientifically accurate than the Gregorian calendar. The present Iranian calendar's leap day system was devised in the 11th century by a panel of scientists including Omar Khayyam, who was one of the foremost leading mathematicians and astronomers of his time, but today is well-known in the.
Hebrew calendar - Hebrew calendar The Hebrew calendar is the annual calendar used in Judaism. It is based upon both the lunar cycle (which defines months) and the solar cycle (which defines years). This is in contrast to the Gregorian calendar, which is based solely upon the solar cycle. Jews use this calendar to determine when the new Hebrew months start; this calendar determines the Jewish holidays, which Torah portions to read, and which set of Psalms should be read each day. Jews have been using the lunar calendar since Biblical times, but usually referred to months by number rather than name. During the Babylonian exile, they adopted Babylonian names for months and possibly a regular pattern of intercalating the 13th month. Some sects, such as the Essenes, used a.
Hindu calendar - Hindu calendar There are many variations of Hindu calendars (also called Indian calendars). Some regions use a solar calendar based on what are the signs of the Zodiac in English. Other regions use a luni-solar calendar with months based on the lunar cycle and years of either 12 or 13 months. The Gregorian calendar is also widely used in India for civil purposes. Many Hindus use both a lunar and a solar calendar simultaneously, as part of a panchangam. The word means "five limbs". The five parts of a panchangam depend on: 1. the lunar day, 2. the lunar month, 3. the half-day, 4. the angle of the sun and moon, and 5. the solar day. Some lunar calendars start each month with a new moon, while.
Gregorian Calendar - Gregorian Calendar The Gregorian Calendar, a modification of the Julian calendar, was first proposed by Neapolitan doctor Aloysius Lilius, and adopted by Pope Gregory XIII on February 24, 1582 (the document was dated 1581 on account of the pope starting the year in March). The mean year in the Julian Calendar had exactly 365.25 days, but the mean tropical year duration is approximately 365.2422. As a result, every thousand years the calendar adds about 8 extraneous days, causing it to fall behind the solar year. Accuracy The Gregorian Calendar improves the approximation by skipping 3 Julian leap days in every 400 years, giving an average year of 365.2425 mean solar dayss long, which has an error of about 1 day per 3000 years with respect to the.
Egyptian calendar - Egyptian calendar The ancient Egyptian civil calendar had a year that was 365 days long, consisting of 12 months of 30 days each, plus 5 extra days at the end of the year. The months were divided in to 3 "weeks" of ten days each. This calendar was in use prior to 2400 B.C.E, and possibly before that. It was used throughout antiquity. It was used by astronomerss in the Middle Ages because of it's mathematical regularity. The Egyptian calendar was simple, but it is neither a lunar nor a solar calendar. Months do not correspond to lunar months, and years do not correspond to solar years. The Egyptians were aware of this, and calculated their seasonal year by the stars, to be the time between successive.
Darian calendar - Darian calendar The Darian Calendar is a system of time keeping designed to serve the needs of any possible future human settlers on the planet Mars. It was created by Thomas Gangale in 1985 and named by him after his son Darius. The basic time periods from which the calendar is constructed are the Martian solar day (sometimes called a sol) and the Martian vernal equinox year, which is slightly different from the tropical year. The sol is 39 minutes 35.244 seconds longer that the Terrestrial solar day and the Martian vernal equinox year is 668.5907 sols in length. The basic intercalation formula therefore allocates six 669-sol years and four 668-sol years to each Martian decade. The former (still called leap years even though they are more.
Aztec calendar - Aztec calendar The Aztec calendar is perhaps the best known Mesoamerican calendar today due to the famous Aztec monument in Mexico, the Piedra del Sol which means the Stone of the Sun. The text under Aztec calendar offers a new solution to it, including its starting point (October 23, 4004 BCE). The Aztec calendar This below was taken from Z.A. Simon (1984: 9-31) by permission, in a condensed form. Some of it is disputed by mainstream scholars of ancient Mesoamerica. 1) Proof of the nonexistence of intercalary days in the Aztec calendar, verifying Professor Michael Coe's theory. 2) Establishment of an exact starting date of the calendar (day, month, and year), which was unknown until 1984. 3) Solution of the contradictory interpretations of the ancient chroniclers: Sahagún.
Baha'i calendar - Baha'i calendar The Bahá'i calendar is a solar calendar with regular years 365 days long and leap years 366 days long. Years are composed of 19 months of 19 days each, plus an extra period of either 4 or 5 days. Years in the Bahá'i calendar begin at the vernal equinox (usually March 21 in the Gregorian calendar). Days are considered to begin at sunset on the previous solar day. Also existent in the Baha'i calendar system is a 19-year cycle called Vahid and a 361-year (19x19) supercycle called Kull i-Shay (literally, All Things.) The 9th Vahid in the 1st Kull i-Shay started in 1996. The 2nd Kull i-Shay won't begin until 2205. Years in the Bahá'i calendar are counted from 21 March 1844 CE, the beginning.
Calendar - Calendar A calendar is a system for assigning dates to days. The dates may be based on the perceived motion of astronomical objects. A calendar can also be a physical device (often paper) that illustrates the system (for example, a desktop calendar). The term is also used to indicate a particular set of planned events (for example, court calendar). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Calendar Systems 1.1 Solar Calendars 1.1.1 Days used by Solar Calendars 1.1.2 Julian and Gregorian Calendars 1.1.3 Future Reform 1.2 Lunar calendars 1.3 Fiscal Calendars 2 Calendar Subdivisions 3 Other Calendar Types 3.4 Complete and Incomplete Calendars 3.5 Pragmatic, theoretical and Mixed Calendars 4 Uses 5 Currently Used Calendars 6 List of calendars 6.6 In current use: 6.7 Obsolete: 6.8 Proposed: 7.
Chinese calendar - Chinese calendar The Chinese calendar is a lunisolar calendar formed by combining a purely lunar calendar with a solar calendar. Among Chinese, the calendar is not used for most day to day activities, but is used for the dating of holidays such as Chinese New Year (Spring Festival) and the Mid-Autumn Festival and for divination. The primary use in day to day activities is for determining the phase of the moon, which is important for farmers and is possible because each day in the calendar corresponds to a particular phase of the month. In China, the native calendar is the "farmer's calendar" (農曆 nónglì), as opposed to the "civil calendar" (公曆 gōnglì), or "Western calendar" (西曆 xīlì). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Calculations and Rules 2 Nomenclature.
Thai lunar calendar - Thai lunar calendar The Thai lunar, or Chantarakati, calendar was used in Thailand until 1888, when it was replaced by the Thai solar calendar which is used today. The Buddhist feasts are still fixed according to the Chantarakati, which make them move their date in the solar calendar. It is a lunisolar calendar, which has the beginning of the months at new moon. The months are alternating 29 and 30 days long, except the 7th month which changes length. About every third year the 8th month is duplicated to keep the lunar calendar in track with the sun. However of the four possible year length in this scheme only three occur, a year with both leap month and leap day is not allowed: Prokatimas (ปกติมาส), the normal year.
Roman calendar - Roman calendar The Roman calendar changed its form several times in the time between the foundation of Rome and the fall of the Roman Empire. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Months 1.1 The example of September 1.2 An example from Shakespeare 2 Days of the week 3 Years 4 References Months To begin with it was a lunar calendar containing ten months, starting at the vernal equinox, traditionally invented by Romulus, the founder of Rome about 753 BC. However it seems to have been based on the Greek lunar calendar. The months at this time were Martius (31 days) Aprilis (30 days) Maius (31 days) Junius (30 days) Quintilis (31 days) Sextilis (30 days) September (30 days) October (31 days) November (30 days) and December (30 days).
Zoroastrian calendar - Zoroastrian calendar The Zoroastrian calendar has a year that is 365 days long, composed of 12 months of 30 days each, plus an additional period of 5 days at the end of the year. There are three versions of this calendar with different starting dates for the year. The Qadimi ("Ancient") calendar is used in Iran. The Shenshai ('Royal") calendar is used by the Parsis in India, and is exactly one month (30 days) behind the Shenshai calendar. The newer Fasli ("seasonal") calendar is a solar calendar that has leap years that are 366 days long, and always starts the year at the vernal equinox. The leap years in the Fasli calendar occur in the same years as they do in the Gregorian calendar. See also calendars,.
Venus (planet) - small amount of nitrogen, with a pressure at the surface about 90 times that of Earth (a pressure equivalent to a depth of 1 kilometer under Earth's ocean). This enormous CO2-rich atmosphere results in a strong greenhouse effect that raises the surface temperature approximately 400°C above what it would be otherwise, causing temperatures at the surface to reach 500°C. This makes Venus's surface hotter than Mercury's, despite being nearly twice as distant from the Sun and only receiving 75% the solar irradiance (2660 W/m2). Due to the thermal inertia and convection of its dense atmosphere, the temperature does not vary significantly between the night and day sides of Venus despite its extremely slow rotation (less than one rotation per Venusian year). Winds in the upper atmosphere circle the planet in only.
Kidinnu - the length of the tropical year Kidinnu used 365d 6h. About 383 B.C Kidinnu obtained still more accurate values for lunar movements, first calculated before him by Nabu-rimanni. For the mean length of the synodic month he had already as a young man mentioned a value of about 29.530614d = 29d 12h 44 m 5s with an error less of 1s. The classical value of 29d 31:50:8:20 (sexagesimal) = 29d + 12h + 793/1080h = 29.53059414...d is also attributed to him; it was confirmed by Hipparchus and used by Ptolemy and later astronomers. Kidinnu probably introduced the 19-year cycle known as the Metonic cycle into the Babylonian calendar in 383 BC. In this system each year had 12 lunar months, and 7 extra months were inserted at intervals during the 19-year.
Vedic timekeeping - longitudinal angle between the moon and the sun to increase by 12°. Tithis begin at varying times of day and vary in duration from approximately 19 to approximately 26 hours. a paksa or lunar fortnight consists of 15 Tithis a masa or lunar month (approximately 29.5 days) is divided into 2 paksas: the one between new moon and full moon is called gaura (bright); the one between full moon and new moon krishna (dark) 2 lunar months are 1 Ruthu 3 Ruthus are 1 Aayanam 2 Aayanas are 1 year Tropical metrics a jamu is 7½ Ghadiyas 8 jamus 1 half of the day(either day or night) an ahoratram is a tropical day (Note: A day is considered to begin and end at sunrise, not midnight.) Years are grouped into yugas.
June 13 - 13 is the 164th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (165th in leap years), with 201 days remaining. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Events 2 Births 3 Deaths 4 Holidays and observances Events 1373 - England and Portugal sign a treaty of alliance which has never been broken 1774 - Rhode Island is the first colony to outlaw the importation of slaves 1798 - Mission San Luis Rey de Francia is founded 1898 - Yukon Territory is formed, with Dawson chosen as its capital 1942 - The United States opens its Office of War Information, a center for production of propaganda 1944 - World War II: Germany launches a V1 Flying Bomb attack on England 1966 - The United States Supreme Court rules in Miranda v. Arizona that the.
June 4 - 4 June 4 is the 155th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (156th in leap years), with 210 days remaining. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Events 2 Births 3 Deaths 4 Holidays and observances Events 780 BC - The first historic solar eclipse is recorded in China 1039 - Henry II becomes King of Germany 1070 - Roquefort cheese is created in a cave near Roquefort, France 1760 - New England planters arrive to take land in Nova Scotia Canada taken from the Acadians 1763 - At what is now Mackinaw City, Michigan, Chippewas capture Fort Michilimackinac by diverting the garrison's attention with a game of lacrosse, then chasing a ball into the fort 1792 - Captain George Vancouver claims Puget Sound for Great Britain 1812 - War of.
