Spanish railway history - Spanish railway history During the 19th century Spain was one of the poorest and least economically developed countries in Western Europe, and was also politically unstable. Railways came relatively late to Spain, the first line in the Peninsula to be built was a short line from Barcelona to Mataró opened in 1848. A line was already working, though, in Cuba, then part of the Spanish empire. It was not until laws were passed making railway investment attractive to foreign capital in the 1850s, that railway building on a large scale began. One major misfortune, was a decision taken at an early stage, that Spain's railways would be built to an unusual broad track gauge of 1674 mm (roughly 5ft 6in, or six Castilian feet). This decision.
History of Panama - History of Panama '''History of Panama Pre-Columbian ceramic figure from Talamancan, Panama Panama had a rich Pre-Colombian heritage of native populations whose presence stretched back over 12,000 years. The earliest traces of these indigenous peoples include fluted projectile points. Central Panama was home to some of the first pottery-making villages in the Americas, such as the Monagrillo culture dating to about 2500-1700 BC. These evolved into significant populations that are best known through the spectacular burials of the Conte site (dating to c. AD 500-900) and the beautiful polychrome pottery of the Coclé style. Panama's history has been shaped by the evolution of the world economy and the ambitions of great powers. Rodrigo de Bastidas, sailing westward from Venezuela in 1501 in search of gold, was.
History of Alabama - History of Alabama This is the history of Alabama, United States of America. See also the History of United States. History Among Native American people living in present Alabama in precontact times were Alabama (Alibamu), Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Koasati, and Mobile. The first Europeans to enter the limits of the present state of Alabama were Spaniardss, who claimed this region as a part of Florida. It is possible that a member of Panfilo de Narvaez's expedition of 1528 entered what is now southern Alabama, but the first fully authenticated visit was that of Hernando de Soto, who made an arduous but fruitless journey along the Coosa, Alabama and Tombigbee rivers in 1539. The English, too, claimed the region north of the Gulf of Mexico, and the.
History of Belgium - History of Belgium This is the history of Belgium. See also the history of Europe, history of the European Union, and history of present-day nations and states. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Before the independence 2 The independence 3 The Congolese colony 4 20th century Belgium 5 Reference Before the independence Belgium derives its name from a Celtic tribe, the Belgae, whom Julius Caesar described as the most courageous tribe of Gaul. However, the Belgae were forced to yield to Roman legions during the 1st century BC. For some 300 years thereafter, what is now Belgium flourished as a province of Rome. But Rome's power gradually lessened. In about A.D. 300 the Germanic tribe of the Franks penetrated into northern Belgium. About 100 years later, they.
History of Canada - History of Canada This is an outline of the history of Canada. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The First Nations 2 The European arrival 3 New France 4 French vs. English 5 The American Revolution 6 The War of 1812 7 The timber trade 8 "Responsible government" and the Rebellions of 1837-38 8.1 Lower Canada - the Patriotes Rebellion 8.2 The Rebellion in Upper Canada 9 Lord Durham's Report 10 Act of Union (1840) 11 Confederation 12 The Red River Rebellion 13 Expansion westward 14 Macdonald's "National Policy" 15 The North-West Rebellion 16 The Manitoba Schools Question 17 The Boer War 18 Laurier's government 19 World War I 19.3 The Conscription Crisis of 1917 20 Post-war society 21 The Great Depression 21.4 R. B. Bennett 21.5.
History of California - History of California Field of California poppies, circa 1910 The history of California is long and colorful. Many indian tribes lived in California. They specialized by environment. No tribe developed agriculture or writing. California was a major source of trading beads, wampum, which were produced from mussel shells using stone tools. In the 1600s, Spain explored and settled the coastal areas. To maintain communication, they developed a central highway, "El Camino Real" that connected a series of settlements called missions, that were used to subjugate the natives and convert them to Christianity. The missions were spaced one day's travel apart, and penetrated as far north as San Francisco. Most missions remain in existence, and many retain congregations. El Camino Real is the route of a major.
History of Bavaria - History of Bavaria The earliest known inhabitants of the district afterwards called Bavaria comprised a people, probably of Celtic extraction, whom the Romans subdued just before the opening of the Christian era, when founding colonies among them and including their land in the province of Raetia. During the 5th century the troops of Odoacer ravaged Bavaria. Almost denuded of inhabitants, it became occupied by tribes who, pushing along the valley of the Danube, settled there between 488 and 520. Many conjectures relate to the race and origin of these people, who certainly formed a new and composite social aggregate. Most likely they descended from the Marcomanni, Quadi and Narisci, tribes of the Suevic or Swabian origin, with possibly a small intermixture of Gothic or Celtic elements..
History of rail transport - History of rail transport Railroads have a long history, including systems with man or horse power and rails of wood or stone. The first practical form of mechanized transport, railways had their start in England in the 1820s. They remained the only practical overland transport for well over 100 years. Wagonways were developed in Germany in the 1550s and the use of these tracks, consisting of wooden rails for horse-drawn wagons, spread across Europe. By the early 1700s, the wooden tracks and wheels were beginning to be replaced by iron, and these systems became known as tramways. Typically, the wheels ran in depressed grooves lined with metal plate. James Watt, a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer, was responsible for improvements to the steam engine that caused.
History of California/Temp - History of California/Temp Field of California poppies, circa 1910 The history of California is long and colorful. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Pre-European discovery 2 Spanish exploration 3 Spanish Settlement 4 Mexican rule 5 US anexation 6 Gold Rush and statehood 7 Civil War 8 Railroad 9 Twentieth Century 10 21st Century Politics Pre-European discovery Many indian tribes lived in California. They specialized by environment. No tribe developed agriculture or writing. California was a major source of trading beads, wampum, which were produced from mussel shells using stone tools. Spanish exploration In June 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo led an expidition in two ships from the west coast of New Spain (modern Mexico). At this time it was believed that Baja California was the southern part of.
Timeline of United States history (1860-1899) - Timeline of United States history (1860-1899) This section of the Timeline of United States history concerns events from 1860 to 1899. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 1860s 2 1870s 3 1880s 4 1890s 1860s 1860 - Pony Express begins 1860 - Crittenden Compromise 1860 - South Carolina secedes 1861 - Abraham Lincoln becomes President 1861 - Confederate States of America (the Confederacy) established under President Jefferson Davis 1861 - United States Civil War begins at Fort Sumter 1861 - Morrill tariff 1861 - Kansas admitted to the Union as a free state 1861 - Ex Parte Merriman, federal court case which objected to Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus 1861 - First Battle of Bull Run 1862 - Homestead Act 1862 - Pacific Railway Act 1862 - Morrill Land Grant.
Timeline of postal history - Timeline of postal history This is a timeline of significant events in postal history, including dates relating to postage stamps. Seventeenth Century 1639 - Richard Fairbanks' tavern in Boston named repository for overseas mail Eighteenth Century 1775 - Benjamin Franklin, first Postmaster General under Continental Congress 1789 - Samuel Osgood, first Postmaster General under Constitution 1792 - On February 20 the Postal Service Act establishes the United States Post Office Department. 1810s 1820s 1823 - Navigable waters designated post roads by US Congress 1825 - Dead letter office 1829 - US Postmaster General joins Cabinet 1830s 1830 - US Office of Instructions and Mail Depredations established, later Office of the Chief Postal Inspector 1838 - Railroads designated post routes by U Congress 1840s 1840 - Penny Black, first.
James Reavis - After the war he travelled widely before settling in St. Louis, Missouri and going into the real estate business. In 1871 he met Dr. George Willing, who had purchased a bag full of Spanish land deeds from a Mexican, Miguel Peralta, for $1000. Spanish deeds to US territorial land were valid under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and these were for almost 2,000 square miles of Arizona. At the time Reavis was sceptical of the deeds, as Willing was a known as a bit of a "scammer". But in 1873 the real estate market in the west crashed, and Reavis' business failed. He moved to San Francisco, California where he found a job at a newspaper. There he soon met two burgoning railroad barons who ran the Southern Pacific Railway, and.
Heinkel He 112 - He 51 was a workman-like but otherwise uninspired biplane, which first flew in May 1933 when the Luftwaffe was still a secret. Deliveries started in July of the next year, the 51 was intended to replace the earlier Arado Ar 65 and 68ss but they ended up flying side-by-side. The He 51 was outdated the day it entered service, and after an initial run of 75 production fighters, the design was switched into the B-2 reconnaissance floatplane for another 80, and then finally the C-1 light ground attack plane for a further 79. On August 6th, 1936 six of the planes were sent to Spain to fight in the Spanish Civil War. Deliveries continued until there were three squadrons of 12 planes each, and the Legión Cóndor (Condor Legion) was formed.
FEVE - (meaning "Narrow Gauge Railways") is a state-owned Spanish railway company, which operates most of Spain's 1,250 km (775 mile) long system of metre-gauge railways. The company was formed in 1972 when all of Spain's narrow-gauge railways were brought under unified ownership. Most of the narrow gauge railways operated by FEVE are located in the north-west of the country (Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, and the Basque Country), where they form a large system. The most important line operated by FEVE is a 650 km (400 mile) long line, the Transcantábrico which runs along the entire length of Spain's north coast, and connects the cities of San Sebastian, Bilbao, Santander, Oviedo and El Ferrol. In recent years, a number of metre-gauge lines and systems, in other parts of Spain have been transferred from FEVE.
Ferrocarril de Sóller - Ferrocarril de Sóller Ferrocarril de Sóller or FS is a railway oprating company, which operates an electrified 914 mm narrow gauge line on the Spanish island of Mallorca, between the towns of Palma and Sóller. See also: SFM, Transportation in Spain, RENFE, FEVE, Spanish railway history..
FGC - FGC Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya or FGC is a Spanish railway company, which operates a system of mostly metre gauge lines in the Catalonia region of Spain, centered on Barcelona. The company operates much of the commuter rail network into Barcelona, all of which is electrified. In total the company operates 140 km (88 miles) of metre gauge track, 42 km (24 miles) of standard gauge track, and a short rack railway, in the Pyrenees mountains. See also RENFE, FEVE, Transportation in Spain, Spanish railway history..
Eamon de Valera - As a result, it is generally agreed that deV (to use his nickname) was illegitimate. While this fact might seem irrelevant to twenty-first century eyes, one result of illegitimacy in the late nineteenth/early twentieth century was that one was barred from a career in the Roman Catholic Church. Éamon de Valera was throughout his life a deeply religious man, who in death asked to be buried in a religious habit. There are a number of occasions where de Valera seriously contemplated entering the religious life like his step-brother, Fr. Thomas Wheelright. Yet he did not do so, and apparently received little encouragement from the priests whose advice he sought. In his biography of de Valera, Tim Pat Coogan speculated as to whether rumours surrounding de Valera's legitimacy may have been a.
Esquimalt, British Columbia - by a narrow inlet of water called the Gorge. Esquimalt had a population of 16,127 in 2001. It covers 7.04 square kilometres. It is home to the Pacific fleet of the Canadian Forces, and forms part of the Greater Victoria Regional District. View of Esquimalt, looking northeast from the Highrock Cairn, featuring Esquimalt Secondary School History of Esquimalt The region now known as Esquimalt was settled approximately 400 years before the arrival of Europeans, by a First Nations people. The treaties of the Hudson's Bay Company, signed in 1843, refer to these people as the Kosampsom group, though they are now known as the Esquimalt Nation. The word Esquimalt is an alteration of "Ess-whoy-malth," a phrase usually translated as "place of the shoaling waters." The Songhees Nation, who have a reserve.
1953 - Moncada Barracks sparking the Cuban Revolution. July 27 - Korean War ends: The United States, People's Republic of China, North Korea, and South Korea sign an armistice agreement. August 7 - Ohio admitted to the union, retroactive to 1803. August 19 - Cold War: The CIA helps to overthrow the government of Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran and reinstate the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. September 7 - Nikita Khrushchev becomes head of the Soviet Central Committee. October 12 - "The Caine Mutiny Court Martial" opens at Plymouth Theatre, New York. October 30 - Cold War: US President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally approves the top secret document National Security Council Paper No. 162/2, which states that the United States' arsenal of nuclear weapons must be maintained and expanded to counter the communist threat..
Aachen - ("ak@n)), Spanish Aquisgrán, Italian Aquisgrana. In the local dialect it is called Oche. Aachen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the border with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km to the west of Cologne, frequently referred to in English by its French name Aix-la-Chapelle. Population: 255,000 (2001). It's located at 50°46' north, 6°6' east, 43 miles west of Cologne. The RWTH Aachen University of Technology (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule) is one of the major universities for technical studies, especially for mechanical engineering. As a part of it, the Klinikum Aachen is the biggest single-building hospital in Europe. Around the RWTH a cluster of computer and software industries has developed. History The Romans named the hot sulphur springs there Aquis-Granum after a Roman General called Granus. And since Roman times, the hot.
