Step-Saver Data Systems, Inc. v. Wise Technology - Step-Saver Data Systems, Inc. v. Wise Technology Step-Saver Data Systems, Inc. v. Wise Technology (1991) was case in which the legality and history of computer EULAs was explored. The court noted, "When these form licenses were first developed for software, it was, in large part, to avoid the federal copyright law first sale doctrine" thus the intent of EULAs after 1990 were to preempt federal statutes using contract law and that they serve no purpose besides attempts to preempt consumer rights in other statutes. In this case, the United States Court of Appeals held that a EULA disclaimer waiving all express and implied warranties, printed on the outside of the box, was not binding. Step-Saver repeatedly bought Multilink Advanced, an allegedly MS-DOS compatible operating system, from.
Intellectual property education - Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History and Reasoning 2 Misconceptions 2.1 References History and Reasoning For most of its history, copyright was only an issue for publishers and authors. But because of an accident of modern technology, nearly everything done with computers, especially those on networks, is covered by copyright law, and may be infringing. When installing a program, a copy is made to the hard drive, when launching a copy is made into memory, when visiting a web page a copy is sent over the network. All these activities are allowed in the US under section 117 Limitations on exclusive rights: Computer programs of the US Copyright Act and do not violate US copyright law, provided that the sale of software is considered a sale under the Uniform Commercial Code,.
List of leading legal cases in copyright law - legal reasoning or the conclusions they reach. Please note: Wikipedia does not give legal advice. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Advent Sys. Ltd. v. Unisys Corp (1991) held that the sale of software is the sale of a good within the meaning of Uniform Commercial Code. Applied Info. Mgmt., Inc, v. Icart (1997) held that the sale of software is the sale of a good. Autodesk v Dyason (No.2) (1993) 176 CLR 300 (the idea-expression divide is the "dominant principle in copyright law" per Mason CJ: "when the expression of any idea is inseparable from its function, it forms part of the idea and is not entitled to the.
September 2003 - Ratzinger as saying We should pray for the pope, raising questions about the pope's health. September 29, 2003 Abdalla Yones, who was convicted of murder for killing his daughter for dating a Christian, is sentenced to life in prison after becoming the first person in Britain to admit an "honour killing". [1] Terrorism: Pakistan dismisses and condemns al-Qaida terrorist network threat against President Pervez Musharraf, saying the war against terrorism will continue. Pakistan Foreign Ministry spokesman Masood Khan states (in Islamabad) Pakistan will not be deterred by such threats. The identity of the speaker on the audio tape or the authenticity of the tape has not been verified. The message was attributed to al-Qaida's second-ranking leader, Ayman al-Zawahri, and was aired on Al-Jazeera and Al-Arabiya. [1] [1] [1] Space - Technology:.
Danny Hillis - the Heyday of Parallel Computing 5 Hillis's Philosophy of Mind 6 The Demise of Thinking Machines Inc. 7 Businessman, Mature Techno-visionary 8 The Wide-Open Future Synopsis W. Daniel Hillis (born September 25, 1956, Baltimore, Maryland) is an American computer scientist. Hillis wrote The Pattern on the Stone: The Simple Ideas That Make Computers Work (Basic Books, 1998 ISBN 0465025951) and is interested in unconventional theoretical computers such as parallel computers, which might be far more powerful than conventional ones. Danny Hillis built a computer that played tic-tac-toe made of tinkertoys while a student at MIT. This accomplishment was mentioned obliquely in K. Eric Drexler's book Engines of Creation. Hillis is a member of the Global Business Network and founded Thinking Machines which developed the Connection Machine; a computer that employs parallel.
Timeline of computing 1950-1979 - and his team at IBM - continuing until 1957. FORTRAN was the first high-level programming language, still in use for scientific programming. Before being run, a FORTRAN program needs to be converted into a machine program by a compiler, itself a program. 1956 First conference on Artificial Intelligence held at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. 1956 Edsger Dijkstra invented an efficient algorithm for shortest paths in graphs as a demonstration of the abilities of the ARMAC computer. The example used was the Dutch railway system. The problem was chosen because it could be explained quickly and the result checked. Although this is the main thing many people will remember Dijkstra for, he also made important contributions to many areas of computing - in particular he should be remembered for his work.
MIPS architecture - is a RISC microprocessor architecture developed by MIPS Computer Systems Inc MIPS designs are used in SGI's computer product line, and have found broad application in embedded systems, Windows CE devices, and Cisco routers. The Nintendo 64 video game and Sony PlayStation2 consoles use MIPS processors. By the late 1990s it was estimated that one in three of all RISC chips produced were MIPS-based designs. The early MIPS architectures were 32-bit implementations (generally 32 bit wide registers and data paths), later versions were 64-bit implementations. Five backward-compatible revisions of the MIPS instruction set exist, named MIPS I, MIPS II, MIPS III,MIPS IV and MIPS 32/64. The latest of these, MIPS 32/64 defines a control register set as well as the instruction set. Several "add-on" extensions are also available, including MIPS-3D which.
List of United States-related topics - article that should be here but is not (or one that should not be here but is), please do update the page accordingly. 1 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 123 10th Mountain Division - 9/11 (movie) A Acme - Adams State College - Adobe Systems - Advanced Micro Devices - Adventure International - Aetna - African American - Airborne Express - Alaska - Albertson's - Alcorn State University - Alfred University - Amazon.com - American Airlines Flight 77 - American Airlines - American College - American Exceptionalism - American Express - American Indian - American Reprographics Company - American Revolutionary War - American Samoa - American University - Amherst College.
Novell, Inc. - Novell, Inc. Novell is an American high-technology corporation specialising in network and internet software products, traditionally directory-enabled networking. In 2001, the company made a net loss of $273273 million on sales of $1.04 billion, including a $208 million investment impairment charge. The company began in Provo, Utah as Novell Data Systems Inc. in 1979, a hardware manufacturer producing CP/M based systems. In January 1983, the company was renamed Novell Inc., and Ray Noorda became the head of the firm. Also in 1983, the company introduced its most significant product, the multi-platform network operating system (NOS), NetWare. Novell based its network protocol on XNS, and created its own standards from IDP and SPP, which it named IPX (Internet Packet eXchange) and SPX (Sequenced Packet eXchange). File and print.
Management information systems - Management information systems Information Systems, also Management Information Systems (MIS) is the formal study of the information systems within an organization. WordNet described an information system as a system consisting of the network of all communication channels used within an organization. An information system is comprised of all the components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data or information. It usually includes hardware, software, people, communications systems, and the data itself. The activities involved include inputting data, processing of data into information, storage of data and information, and the production of outputs such as management reports. The area of study should not be confused with Computer Science which is more theoretical and mathematical in nature or with Computer Engineering which is more engineering. The study of Information Systems is.
Database management system - typically, a suite of them) designed to manage a database, a large set of structured data, and run operations on the data requested by numerous users. Typical examples of DBMS use include accounting, human resources and customer support systems. Originally found only in large companies with the computer hardware needed to support large data sets, DBMSs have more recently emerged as a fairly standard part of any company back office. DBMS's contrast with the more general concept of a database applications in that they are designed as the "engine" of a multi-user system. In order to fill this role, DBMSs are typically built around a private multitasking kernel with built-in networking support. A typical database application will not include these features internally, but may be able to support similar functionality by.
B-47 Stratojet - design, basically a scaled-down version of the Boeing B-29 fitted with four jet engines. The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA, the ancestor of the modern NASA) performed wind tunnel tests on a composite model of the designs submitted by the manufacturers. (The three submissions were generally similar.) By this time, the war in Europe was obviously winding to a close. General Hap Arnold, head of the USAAF, asked the prestigious expatriate Hungarian aerodynamicist Theodore von Karman, of the California Institute of Technology, to form up a committee of American scientists to go to Europe and examine captured German technology. The result was the "Scientific Advisory Group". One of the members was Boeing's chief aerodynamicist, George Schairer. During his visit to Germany, Schairer examined data obtained by German aircraft manufacturers on.
CPU design - all contained a central processor that was unique to that machine. Programs written for one machine would not run on another, and most often wouldn't run on other machines from the same company. Each design differed in the types of instructions they supported, and few machines could be considered "general purpose". There simply wasn't enough space to wire in a full set of instructions using the technology of the day (for instance the SAGE systems filled entire floors) so each machine targeted a certain solution. By the end of the 1950s commercial builders had developed factory-constructed, truck-deliverable computers. The most widely installed computer was the IBM 650, which used drum memory onto which programs were loaded using either paper tape or punch cards. Some very high-end machines also included core memory.
RISC - techniques to streamline processing within the CPU, while at the same time attempting to reduce the total number of memory accesses. More modern terminology refers to these designs as load-store architectures. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Pre-RISC design philosophy 2 RISC design philosophy 3 Meanwhile... 4 Early RISC 5 Modern RISC 6 Meaningless term? Pre-RISC design philosophy One of the basic design principles of all processors is to add speed by providing some very fast memory for storing temporary data, known as registers. For instance, almost every CPU includes a command for adding two numbers. The basic operation of the CPU would be to load the two numbers into registers, add them together and store the result in another register, and finally take the result from that final register and store.
Robert S. McNamara - in 1961 came a decision to increase the nation's limited warfare capabilities. Communism The Kennedy administration placed particular emphasis on improving ability to counter communist "wars of national liberation," in which the enemy avoided head-on military confrontation and resorted to political subversion and guerrilla tactics. As McNamara said in his 1962 annual report, "The military tactics are those of the sniper, the ambush, and the raid. The political tactics are terror, extortion, and assassination." In practical terms, this meant training and equipping U.S. military personnel, as well as such allies as South Vietnam, for counterinsurgency operations. Later in the decade, U.S. forces applied these counterinsurgency techniques with mixed success in Vietnam. Increased attention to conventional strength complemented these special forces preparations. The Berlin crisis in 1961 demonstrated to McNamara the need.
Programming language - is a set of syntactic and semantic rules used to define computer programs. A language enables a programmer to precisely specify what data a computer will act upon, how these data will be stored/transmitted, and precisely what actions to take under various circumstances. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Introduction 2 Features of a Programming Language 2.1 Data and Data Structures 2.2 Instruction and Control Flow 2.3 Reference Mechanisms and Re-use 2.4 Design Philosophies 3 History of programming languages 4 Classes of programming languages 5 Languages 6 Formal semantics 7 See also Introduction A primary purpose of programming languages is to enable programmers to express their intent for a computation more easily than they could with a lower-level language or machine code. For this reason, programming languages are generally designed to use.
Medical prescription - are "as needed" the quantity should always be specified where possible, usage directions should specify times (7 am, 3 pm, 11 pm) rather than simply frequency (3 times a day) and especially relationship to meals for orally consumed medication use permanent ink avoid prn "as needed" - limits & indicators should be specified e.g. "q 3h prn pain" for refills - minimum duration between repeats & number of repeats should be specified Abbreviations See Appendix 1 for a complete list of common abbreviations found on prescriptions. Many abbreviations are derived from Latin phrases. Hospital pharmacies have more abbreviations, some specific to the hospital. Different jurisdictions follow different conventions on what is abbreviated or not. Prescriptions that don't follow area conventions may be flagged as possible forgeries. To avoid ambiguity, the following.
Modem - demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information. The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data. Primarily used to communicate via telephone lines, modems can be used over any means of transmitting analog signals, from driven diodes to radio. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 1.1 Echo cancellation 2 Description 2.2 Narrowband 2.3 Broadband 3 Internet access 4 See also History Modems were first introduced as a part of the SAGE air-defense system in the 1950's, connecting terminals located at various airbases, radar sites and command-and-control centers to the SAGE director centers scattered around the US and Canada. SAGE ran on dedicated communications lines, but the devices at either end were otherwise similar in concept to today's.
JPEG - specifies how to produce a file suitable for computer storage and transmission (such as over the Internet) from a JPEG stream. In common usage, when one speaks of a "JPEG file" one generally means a JFIF file, though there are some software systems that encode JPEG streams differently. JPEG/JFIF is the most common format used for storing and transmitting photographs on the World Wide Web. It is not as well suited for line drawings and other textual or iconic graphics, because its compression method performs badly on these types of images (the PNG and GIF formats are in common use for that purpose; GIF, having only 8 bits per pixel is not well suited for colour photographs, but PNG may have as much or more detail as JPEG). There are many.
Informix - 2000 a series of management blunders had all but destroyed the company. In 2001 IBM purchased Informix in order to gain access to its existing market share and customer base. Long-term plans to merge Informix technology with DB2 have emerged, since the Informix Arrowhead project has now become the DB2 Arrowhead. IBM has also undertaken to support older versions. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early history 2 Innovative Software acquisition 3 Version 7 4 Illustra acquisition 5 Corporate misgovernance 6 Misgovernance indictments 7 Product summary Early history Roger Sippl and Laura King worked at Cromenco, an early S-100/CP/M company, where they developed a small relational database based on ISAM techniques, as a part of a report-writer software package. Sippl and King left Cromenco to found Relational Database Systems (RDS) in 1980..
