Strasbourg - Strasbourg Strasbourg (German Straßburg, "town of roads") is the principal city of the Alsace region of eastern France, near the Rhine frontier with Germany. Population: 250,000, or 410,000 including the extensive suburbs. It is the préfecture (capital) of the Bas-Rhin département. Strasbourg is an important centre of manufacturing and engineering, as well as of road, rail and river communications. It is the seat of the Council of Europe and the European Court of Human Rights and it is one of the seats of the European Parliament. History At the site of Strasbourg, the Romans established a military outpost and named it Argentoratum. From the 4th century, Strasbourg was the seat of a bishopric. The town was occupied successively in the 5th century by Alamanni, Huns and.
Oath of Strasbourg - Oath of Strasbourg In 842, Louis the German, son of Louis the Pious, and ruler of the eastern Frankish kingdom, met with his brother, Charles the Bald, ruler of the western Frankish kingdom, at Strasbourg. At this meeting, Louis and Charles pledged their allegiance to each other - and their opposition to the Emperor, their elder brother Lothar. According to our chief source for the meeting, Nithard's Life of Louis the Pious, each king swore the oath in the vernacular of the other's kingdom. Historians have long used this passage to illustrate the theory that, by 842, Carolingian society had begun to split into separate proto-countries with different languages and customs. Philologists are more interested in the texts of the oaths themselves; in a version of Old.
Observatory of Strasbourg - Observatory of Strasbourg Astronomical observatory in Strasbourg Today studies stellar evolution and coordinates major astronomical databases..
Karl Schwarzschild - of a child prodigy he had a paper on orbits published when he was only sixteen. He studied at Strasbourg and Munich, obtaining his doctorate in 1896 for a work on Jules Henri Poincaré's theories. From 1897 on he worked as assistant at the Kufner Sternwarte in Vienna, where he developed a formula to calculate the properties of photographic material involving an exponent now know as the Schwarzschild-exponent (p in formula below). From 1901 until 1909 he was a professor at the prestigious institute at Göttingen, where he had the opportunity to work with some significant figures including David Hilbert and Hermann Minkowski. He moved to a post at the Astrophysical Observatory in Potsdam in 1909. At the outbreak of war in 1914 he joined the German army serving on both.
Jean Arp - poet. Jean Arp was born on September 16, 1886, in Strasbourg, Bas-Rhin in the Alsace Region of France. Born at a time when the area was known as Alsace-Lorraine after it had been seized by Germany from France following the Franco-Prussian War, his family was required by law to give him the German name Hans. - Jean Arp - In 1904, after leaving the Ecole des Arts et Métiers in Strasbourg, he went to Paris where he published his poetry for the first time. From 1905 to 1907, Arp studied at the Kunstschule, Weimar, Germany and in 1908 went back to Paris, where he attended the Académie Julian. Arp was a founding member of the Dada movement in Zürich in 1916. In 1920, as Hans Arp, along with Max Ernst, and.
Jean Baptiste Kléber - 14 June 1800) was a French general. Kléber was born in Strasbourg, where his father worked as a builder. He received, partly at Paris, training in architecture, but his opportune assistance to two German nobles in a tavern brawl obtained for him a nomination to the military school of Munich. Thence he obtained a commission in the Austrian army, but resigned it in 1783 on finding his humble birth in the way of his promotion. On returning to France he received the appointment of inspector of public buildings at Belfort, where be studied fortification and military science. In 1792 he enlisted in the Haut-Rhin volunteers, and was from his military knowledge at once elected adjutant and soon afterwards lieutenant-colonel. At the defence of Mainz (July 1793) he so distinguished himself that.
Jean-Claude Juncker - of Luxembourg. He studied law at the University of Strasbourg and is a barrister. He became an MP in 1984, and then became a minister later that year. He was appointed Prime Minister in 1999..
John Calvin - Mosy settlers in the midatlantic and New England were Calvinists as well, including the Puritans and Dutch settlers of New Amsterdam (New York). South Africa was founded by mostly Dutch (though some were French and Portuguese as well) Calvinist settlers beginning in the 17th century, who became known as Afrikaners. Sierra Leone was largely colonised by Calvinist settlers from Nova Scotia. John Marrant had organised a congregation there under the auspices of the Huntingdon Connexion. The settlers were largely Black Loyalists, African Americans who had fought for the British during the American War of Independence. Reformed Geneva John Calvin had been travelling to Strasbourg during the time of the Ottoman wars and passed through the cantons of Switzerland. Whilst in Geneva William Farrell asked Calvin to help him with the cause.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - Main, Germany. His father was a man of means and position, and he personally supervised the early education of his son. The young Goethe studied at the universities of Leipzig and Strasbourg, and in 1772 entered upon the practice of law at Wetzlar. At the invitation of Karl August, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, he went in 1775 to live in Weimar, where he held a succession of political offices, becoming the Duke's chief adviser. From 1786 to 1788 he traveled in Italy, and directed the ducal theater at Weimar. He took part in the wars against France, and in the following began a friendship with Friedrich Schiller, which lasted till the latter's death in 1805. In 1806 he married Christiane Vulpius. From about 1794 he devoted himself chiefly to literature, and after.
Johann Philipp Abelin - 16th-century German chronicler. He was born, probably, at Strasbourg, and died there between 1634 and 1637. He wrote numerous histories over the pseudonyms of Philipp Arlanibaus, Abeleus and Johann Eudwighottfaed or Gotofredus. His earliest works of importance being his history of the wars of Gustavus Adolphus, entitled Arma Suecica (pub. 1631-1634, in 12 parts), and the Inventarium Sueciae (1632), both compilations from existing records. His best known work is the Theatrum Europaeum, a series of chronicles of the chief events in the history of the world down to 1619. He was himself responsible for the first two volumes. It was continued by various writers and grew to twenty-one volumes (1633-1738), including illustrations by the beautiful copperplate engravings of Matthaus Meriah (1593-1650). Abelin also wrote a history of the antipodes, Historia Antipodum.
Jose Ramos-Horta - countryman, Bishop Carlos Felipe Ximenes Belo. The Nobel Committee chose to honour the two laureates for their 'sustained efforts to hinder the oppression of a small people', hoping that 'this award will spur efforts to find a diplomatic solution to the conflict of East Timor based on the people's right to self- determination. The Committee considers José Ramos-Horta 'the leading international spokesman for East Timor's cause since 1975.' José Ramos-Horta studied Public International Law at The Hague Academy of International Law (1983) and at Antioch University where he completed an MA in Peace Studies (1984). He was trained in Human Rights Law at the International Institute of Human Rights In Strasbourg, France (1983). He attended Post-Graduate courses in American Foreign Policy at Columbia University, New York (1983). He is a Senior.
Josias Simmler - schoolmaster till his death in 1557. In 1544 Simmler went to Zürich to continue his education under his godfather, the reformer, Heinrich Bullinger. After having completed his studies at Basel and Strasbourg, he returned to Zürich, and became pastor to the neighbouring villages. In 1552 he was made professor of New Testament exegesis at the Carolinum at Zürich, and in 1560 became professor of theology. In. 1559 he had his first attack of gout, a complaint which finally killed him. In 1555 he published a new edition of Conrad Gessner's Epitome of his Bibliotheca universalis (a list of all authors who had written in Greek, Latin or Hebrew), a new edition of the Bibliotheca itself, and in 1575 an annotated edition of the Antonine Itinerary. About 1551 he conceived the idea.
Johann Stumpf - topography of Switzerland. He was born at Bruchsal (near Karlsruhe), and was educated there and at Strasbourg and Heidelberg. In 1520 he became a cleric or chaplain in the order of the Knights Hospitaller or of St John of Jerusalem. He was sent in 1521 to the preceptory of that order at Freiburg in Breisgau, ordained a priest at Basel, and in 1522 was placed in charge of the preceptory at Bubikon (north of Rapperswil, in the canton of Zürich). However, Stumpf went over to the Protestants, was present at the great Disputation in Bern (1528), and took part in the first Kappel War (1529). In 1529 he married the first of his four wives, a daughter of Heinrich Brennwald, who wrote a work (still in manuscripts) on Swiss history, and.
John Cheke - and Eton College, and was appointed with seven divines to draw up a body of laws for the governance of the church. On October 11 1551 he was knighted; In 1553 he was made one of the secretaries of state, and joined the privy council. His zeal for Protestantism led him to follow the Duke of Northumberland, and he filled the office of secretary of state for Lady Jane Grey during her nine days' reign. In. consequence Mary threw him into the Tower of London (July 27, 1553), and confiscated his property. He was, however, released on September 3 1554, and granted permission to travel abroad. He went first to Basel, then visited Italy, giving lectures in Greek at Padua, where he entertained Sir Philip Hoby. He finally settled at Strasbourg,.
John Foxe - the charges of irreverence, etc., brought against him is printed in Pratt's edition (vol. i. Appendix, pp. 58-61). On leaving Oxford he acted as tutor for a short time in the house of the Lucys of Charlecote, near Stratford-on-Avon, where he married Agnes Randall. Late in 1547 or early in the next year he went to London. He found a patron in Mary Fitzroy, Duchess of Richmond, and having been ordained deacon by Ridley in 1550, he settled at Reigate Castle, where he acted as tutor to the duchess's nephews, the orphan children of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. Qn the accession of Queen Mary, Foxe was deprived of his tutorship by the boys' grandfather, the Duke of Norfolk, who was now released from prison. He retired to Strasbourg and occupied.
John Hooper - his father and as fearing to be deprived of his inheritance if he adopted the reformed religion. Before 1546 he had secured employment in the household of Sir Thomas Arundell, an influential man. Hooper speaks of himself at this period as being "a courtier and living too much of a court life in the palace of our king." But he chanced upon some of Zwingli's works and Bullinger's commentaries on St Paul's epistles; and after some molestation in England and some correspondence with Bullinger on the lawfulness of complying against his conscience with the established religion, he determined to secure what property he could and take refuge on the continent. During the journey, he was twice imprisoned, driven about for three months on the sea, and reaching Strasbourg in the midst.
Ian Paisley - Republic on a legal but not constitutional level. Sunningdale collapsed following the Ulster Workers' Strike which cut water and electricity supplies to many homes, and the failure of the British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Merlyn Rees and the British Prime Minister, Harold Wilson, to defend the power-sharing executive. Supporters of Paisley played an important role in orchestrating the strike. The largest personal vote for any Northern politician In the 1970s, Paisley established the most successful and longest lasting of his political movements, the Democratic Unionist Party which soon won seats at local council, province, national and European level; Paisley was elected one of Northern Ireland's three Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) at the first elections to the Brussels and Strasbourg-based European Parliament in 1979 and has easily retained.
Hans Bethe - an American physicist from Strassburg (then part of Germany, now Strasbourg, France). Bethe studied physics at Frankfurt and obtained his doctorate from the University of Munich. He left Germany in 1933 when the Nazis came to power, moving first to England and in 1935 to the USA where he taught at Cornell University. He was the Director of the Theoretical Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory and participated at the most senior level in the World War II Manhattan Project that produced the first atomic weapons. During 1935-1938, he studied nuclear reactions and reaction cross sections. This research was useful to Bethe in more quantitatively developing Niels Bohr's theory of the compound nucleus. In 1967, Bethe was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his studies of the production of solar.
Vosges mountains - between the Bruche and the Col de Saverne; the Lower Vosges (30 miles, between the Col de Saverne and the source of the Lauter; and the Hardt. The rounded summits of the Grandes Vosges are called ballons. The départements of Vosges and Haute Saône are divided from Alsace and the territory of Belfort by the Ballon d'Alsace or St Maurice (4100 ft.). Thence northwards the average height of the range is 3000 ft., the highest point, the Ballon de Guebwiller (Gebweiler), or Soultz, rising to the east of the main chain to 4,680 ft. The Col de Saales, between the Grandes Vosges and the central section, is nearly 1900 ft. high; the latter is both lower and narrower than the Grandes Vosges, the Mont Donon (3307 ft.) being the highest summit..
Henri Frenay - Lyons, France in November 11 1905. He studied in the Germanic Studies in Strasbourg. Afterwards he became a soldier like his father and studied in Saint Cyr and l'Ecole superieure de guerre and reached the rank of captain in 1934. At the outbreak of World War Two, he rejoined the French army. German forces captured him in Vosges. He escaped from a POW camp in Alsace in June 27 1940 and made his way to Marseilles. At first Frenay supported the Vichy Regime but was soon disillusioned and formed the French Resistance group Mouvement de liberation nationale in 1940. He became became an editor of underground newspapers like Verites and had a hand in the formation of the Combat group in November 1941. In 1942 he and his group joined the.
