Iron-sulfur cluster - Iron-sulfur cluster An iron-sulfur cluster is a structural motif found in certain metalloproteins, such as the ferrodoxins, as well as NADH dehydrogenase and Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase of the electron transfer system. There are at least three distinct kinds of iron-sulfur clusters: The 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster, consisting of two iron atoms, with two inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands. The irons themselves are usually coordinated to the sulfurs of 4 cysteine side chains, or to 2 cysteine sulfurs, and 2 nitrogen atoms found in the side chain of histidine. The 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster, consisting of 4 irons, with 4 inorganic sulfur atoms found between the irons and acting as bridging ligands. The irons, once again,.
Green sulfur bacteria - Green sulfur bacteria Green sulfur bacteria Scientific classification Domain: Bacteria Phylum: Chlorobi Class: Chlorobia Order: Chlorobiales Family: Chlorobiaceae Genera Chlorobium Ancalochloris Chloroherpeton Pelodictyon Prostheochloris The green sulfur bacteria are a family (Chlorobiaceae) of phototrophic bacteria. No other bacterial families are known to be closely related to them, and they are accordingly placed in their own phylum (Chlorobi). Green sulfur bacteria are generally nonmotile (one species has a flagellum), and come in spheres, rods, and spirals. Their environment must be oxygen-free, although they need light to grow. They engage in photosynthesis, using bacteriochlorophylls c, d, and e in vesicles attached to the membrane, and in the presence of sulfur, which acts as electron donor. This is used in the form of sulfide ions, producing globules of neutral sulfur.
Sulfur - Sulfur Phosphorus - Sulfur - Chlorine O S Se Full table General Name, Symbol, Number Sulfur, S, 16 Chemical series Nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16 (VIA), 3 , p Density, Hardness 1960 kg/m3, 2 Appearance lemon yellow Atomic Properties Atomic weight 32.065 amu Atomic radius (calc.) 100 (88) pm Covalent radius 102 pm van der Waals radius 180 pm Electron configuration [Ne]33s2 3p4 e- 's per energy level 2, 8, 6 Oxidation states (Oxide) ±2,4,6 (strong acid) Crystal structure Orthorhombic Physical Properties State of matter solid Melting point 388.36 K (239.38 °F) Boiling point 717.87 K (832.5 °F) Molar volume 15.53 ×1010-3 m3/mol Heat of vaporization no data Heat of fusion 1.7175 kJ/mol Vapor pressure 2.65 E-20 Pa at 388 K Speed of sound.
Sulfur dioxide - Sulfur dioxide Properties General Name Sulfur dioxide Chemical formula SO2 Appearance Colourless gas Physical Formula weight 64.1 amu Melting point 198 K (-75 °C) Boiling point 263 K (-10 °C) Density 1.4 ×103 kg/m3 (liquid) Solubility 9.4 g in 100g water Thermochemistry ΔfH0gas -296.84 kJ/mol ΔfH0liquid ? kJ/mol ΔfH0solid ? kJ/mol S0gas, 1 bar 248.21 J/mol·K S0liquid, 1 bar ? J/mol·K S0solid ? J/mol·K Safety Ingestion Relatively low toxicity, may cause nausea and vomiting. Long term hazards known. Inhalation Extreme irritation. Skin Hazardous when cryogenic or compressed. Eyes Hazardous when cryogenic or compressed. More info Hazardous Chemical Database SI units were used where possible. Unless otherwise stated, standard conditions were used. Disclaimer and references Sulfur dioxide (spelt in British English Sulphur dioxide) has the chemical formula.
Sulfurous acid - acid Sulphurous acid, H2SO3 Formed when sulfur dioxide, SO2, is dissolved in water..
Purple non-sulfur bacteria - Purple non-sulfur bacteria Purple non-sulfur bacteria Scientific classification Domain: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Order: Rhodospirillales Family: Rhodospirillaceae Genera Rhodospirillum Azospirillum Magnetospirillum Phaeospirillum Rhodocista Rhodospira Rhodothalassium Rhodovibrio Roseospira Skermanella The purple non-sulfur bacteria are a family (Rhodospirillaceae) of phototrophic bacteria that photosynthesize using bacteriochlorophylls a and b in anoxic environments, such as the bottom mud of ponds and other stagnant water, although they are able to survive in air. The reducing agent involved is hydrogen rather than water, so oxygen is not produced. Members of the family range in color from purple to red and brown, with shapes including spherical, rod, vibrio, and spiral (Rhodospirillum). The genus Magnetospirillum is magnetotactic; using chains of tiny crystals of magnetite, these bacteria are able to use the Earth's magnetic field to return to.
Venus (planet) - Carbon dioxide 96% Nitrogen 3% Sulfur dioxide Water vapor Carbon monoxide Argon Helium Neon Carbonyl sulfide Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen fluoride trace Venus is the second planet from the Sun, named after the Roman goddess Venus. It is a terrestrial planet, very similar in size and bulk composition to Earth; it is sometimes called Earth's "sister planet" as a result of this similarity. Sometimes (inaccurately) referred to as the "morning star" or the "evening star", it is by far the brightest "star" in the sky. Because Venus is closer to the Sun than Earth is, it is always in roughly the same direction as the Sun, so on Earth it can only be seen just before sunrise or just after sunset. Physical characteristics Atmosphere Venus has an atmosphere consisting mainly of carbon.
Keratin - out of water), the enamel of the teeth. Keratin molecules are helical and fibrous, twisting around each other to form strands called intermediate filaments. These proteins contain a high percentage of sulfur-containing amino acids, largely cysteine, which form disulfide bridges between the individual molecules resulting in a fairly rigid structure. Human hair is approximately 14% cysteine..
James Coburn - to severe rheumatoid arthritis, he did not appear in any films during the 1980s. He claimed to have healed himself with pills containing sulfur, and returned to screen in the 1990s. He then appeared in movies such as Young Guns II (1990), The Nutty Professor (1996), The Cherokee Kid (a 1996 TV movie), and Maverick (1994). For his appearance as the abusive father of protagonist Nick Nolte in Affliction he received an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor in 1998. He died on November 8, 2002, from a heart attack. External Link James Coburn's Internet Movie Database page.
Jupiter (planet) - four large moons Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto (now known as the Galilean moons) was the first discovery of a celestial motion not apparently centered on the Earth. It was a major point in favor of Copernicus's heliocentric theory of the motions of the planets; Galileo's outspoken support of the Copernican theory got him in trouble with the Inquisition. Physical characteristics Planetary Composition Jupiter is composed of a relatively small rockyy core, surrounded by metallic hydrogen, surrounded by liquid hydrogen, which is surrounded by gaseous hydrogen. There is no clear boundary or surface between these different phases of hydrogen; the conditions blend smoothly from gas to liquid as one descends. Atmosphere Jupiter's atmosphere is composed of ~86% hydrogen and ~14% helium (by number of atoms, the atmosphere is ~75%/24% by mass;.
Insulin - synthesized in humans and other mammals within the beta cells (B-cells) of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. One to three million Islets of Langerhans (pancreatic islets) form the endocrine part of the pancreas, which is primarily an exocrine gland. The endocrine part accounts for only 2% of the total mass of the pancreas. Within the Islets of Langerhans, beta cells constitute 60-80% of all the cells. Insulin is built from 51 amino acids and is one of the smallest proteins known; shorter 'proteins' are usually referred to as a polypeptide. Beef insulin differs from human insulin in two amino acid residues, and pork insulin in one residue. Fish insulin is also close enough to human insulin to act as insulin in people. In humans, insulin has a molecular weight.
Inorganic table information - oxide Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Ferric oxide Hydrazine Hydrochloric acid Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen sulfide Lead (II) nitrate Magnesium hydroxide Nitric acid Nitric oxide Nitrous oxide Potassium carbonate Potassium hydroxide Saltpetre Silane Silicon dioxide Silver nitrate Sodium bicarbonate Sodium carbonate Sodium chloride Sodium hydroxide Sodium hypochlorite Sodium nitrate Sulfur dioxide Sulphuric acid Tetrachloromethane Titanium dioxide Water See also List of compounds Excel data/VBA table generator - the data for these tables.
Io (moon) - K 130 K 2000 K Atmospheric characteristics Atmospheric pressure trace kPa Sulfur dioxide % Io is innermost of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Volcanism 2 Physical characteristics 3 See also 4.
Isothiocyanate - Isothiocyanate is the chemical group -N=C=S, formed by substituting sulfur for oxygen in the isocyanate group. Allyl isothiocyanate is also called mustard oil..
Iwo Jima - Jima (Japanese Io-jima, meaning "sulfur island") is a volcanic island in Japan, part of the Volcano Islands, approximately 650 miles (1046 km) south of Tokyo (24.78°N, 141.32°E). It has an approximate area of 8 square miles (21 km2). The most prominent feature of the island is Mount Suribachi, a dormant volcano which is thought to be extinct, and which is 546 feet (166m) in height. The island was the site of the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II, and as a result remained occupied by the United States until 1968. Major industries include sulfur mining and sugar refining..
Hafnium - silvery, ductile metal that is corrosion resistant and chemically similar to zirconium. The properties of hafnium are markedly affected by zirconium impurities and these two elements are amongst the most difficult to separate. The only notable difference between them is their density (zirconium is about half as dense as hafnium). Hafnium carbide is the most refractory binary compound known and hafnium nitride is the most refractory of all known metal nitrides with a melting point of 3310 °C). This metal is resistant to concentrated alkalis, but halogens react with it to form hafnium tetrahalides. At higher temperatures hafnium reacts with oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, boron, sulfur, and silicon. The nuclear isomer Hf-178-2m is also a source of energetic gamma rays, and is being studied as a possible power source for gamma ray.
Harrogate - The Town The town's name derives from Har Low Gata, meaning "Grey Hill Road", and is still present in Harrogate's Harlow-Carr gardens. Harrogate became famous as a spa town because of its naturally iron and sulfur rich water thanks to William Slingsby, before which time it was merely a village near the historic town of Knaresborough. Slingsby discovered the mineral properties of the local water supply at Tewit Well, the site of which is presently marked by a dome located in the center of The Stray (A 200 acre open space running through the middle of town which was created by an act of Parliament in 1778). Many other wells are located in Harrogate's Valley Gardens and the Royal Pump Room museum. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Harrogate.
Helium - emission line of a previously unknown element. Eduard Frankland confirmed Janssen's findings and also proposed that the element should named after Helios, the Greek god of the sun, with the added suffix -ium because the new element was expected to be a metal. It was isolated by Sir William Ramsay in 1895, from clevite and conclusively found to not be a metal, but the name was unchanged. Swedish chemists Nils Langlet and Per Theodor Cleve, working independently of Ramsay, also were able to isolate helium from clevite at about the same time. In 1907 Ernest Rutherford and Thomas Royds were able to show that alpha particles are helium nuclei. In 1908 Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes produced the first liquid helium by cooling the gas to 0.9°K, a feat that earned.
Heteroatom - atom that is not carbon or hydrogen, typically, but not exclusively, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus or boron. In the description of protein structure, particularly in the now-deprecated Protein Data Bank file format, a heteroatom record (HETATM) describes an atom belonging to a small molecule cofactor rather than to part of a biopolymer chain..
Heterocyclic compound - aromatic compounds, or aromatic hydrocarbons, but in which other atoms than carbon, such as sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen are found as part of the ring. Some examples are pyridine (C5H5N) and pyrimidine (C4H4N2). Note that compounds such as cyclopropane, an anaesthetic with explosive properties, and cyclohexane, a solvent are not heterocyclic, they are merely cycloalkanes. The suffix '-cyclic' implies a ring structure, while 'hetero' refers to an atom other than carbon, as above..
