Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven) - Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven) The Symphony No. 9 in D minor was the final symphony of Ludwig van Beethoven, his Opus 125. Completed in 1824, it includes, as text sung by the soloists and the chorus in its last movement, part of the ode An die Freude ("To Joy") by Friedrich Schiller. It is the first instance in which the human voice was used as a symphonic instrument. The symphony may be the best known of all works of classical music, and plays a prominent cultural role in modern society. Beethoven's setting of Schiller’s ode was chosen, in adapted form, to be the anthem of the European Union. Students in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square played the symphony through loudspeakers in 1989 as a protest against tyranny. A.
Symphony No. 9 (Dvorak) - Symphony No. 9 (Dvorak) The Symphony No. 9, opus 95, "From the New World", popularly known as the New World Symphony was composed by Antonin Dvorak in 1893. It is in four movements: Adagio - Allegro molto Largo Scherzo: Molto vivace Allegro con fuoco Dvorak wrote it during his visit to the United States from 1892 to 1895. Of the four movements, the second is the most popular with its wistful and nostalgic mood. Dvorak was interested in the native American music and African-American spiritualss he heard in America. In an article published in the New York Herald on December 15, 1893, Dvorak explained how these had been an influence on this symphony: "I have not actually used any of the [Native American] melodies. I have.
Symphony No. 5 (Mahler) - Symphony No. 5 (Mahler) The Symphony No. 5 in C sharp minor by Gustav Mahler was written in 1901 and 1902 mostly during the summer months at Mahler's cottage at Maiernigg. The piece is scored for a large orchestra made up of four flutes (two doubling piccolo), three oboes (one doubling cor anglais), three clarinets (one doubling bass clarinet), three bassoons (one doubling double bassoon); six French horns, four trumpets, three trombones, tuba; four timpani, cymbals, bass drum, side drum, triangle, glockenspiel, tamtam, wood clapper, harp and strings. The piece is generally regarded as Mahler's most conventional symphony up to that point, but from such an unconventional composer it still had many peculiarities. It almost has a four movement structure, as the first two can easily.
Symphony No. 1 (Mahler) - Symphony No. 1 (Mahler) The Symphony No. 1 in D major by Gustav Mahler, often known by its nickname Titan, was written between 1884 and 1888. The symphony is written for an orchestra consisting of four flutes, two piccolos, four oboes, a cor anglais, three clarinets, bass clarinet, bassoon, double bassoon, seven French horns, four trumpets, three trombones, a tuba, two timpani, a bass drum, cymbals, triangle, tambourine, harp and string instruments. In its final form, the symphony has four movements: Langsam, Schleppend (Slowly, dragging) Kräftig bewegt (Moving strongly) - a Ländler Feierlich und gemessen (Solemnly and measured) - a funeral march based on the children's song "Frere Jacques" Stürmisch bewegt (Moving stormily) Originally, there was an additional movement, known as the Blumine, between the first.
Symphony No. 8 (Mahler) - Symphony No. 8 (Mahler) The Symphony No. 8 in E flat major by Gustav Mahler, known as the Symphony of a Thousand, was largely written in 1906, with orchestration and final touches completed in 1907. The piece requires a massive number of musicians to perform. The main orchestra consists of four flutes, a piccolo, four oboes, a cor anglais, four clarinets (one in E flat), a bass clarinet, four bassoons, a double bassoon, eight French horns, four trumpets, four trombones, a tuba, three timpani, a bass drum, cymbals, a tamtam, a triangle, bells, a glockenspiel, a celesta, a piano, a harmonium, two harps, a mandolin and strings (violins, violas, cellos and double basses). Additionally, a brass group consisting of four trumpets and three trombones is placed.
Symphony No. 4 (Mahler) - Symphony No. 4 (Mahler) The Symphony No. 4 in G major by Gustav Mahler was written between 1899 and 1901. The symphony is for a fairly small orchestra by Mahler's standards, lacking trombones. It is scored for four flutes, two piccolos, three oboes, a cor anglais, three clarinets, two clarinets in E flat, a bass clarinet, three bassoons, a double bassoon, four French horns, three trumpets, timpani, bass drum, triangle, sleigh bells, glockenspiel, cymbals, tam-tam, a harp and strings. The last movement features a soprano soloist. The symphony is in four movements: Bedächtig, nicht eilen (Moderately, not rushed) In gemächlicher Bewegung, ohne Hast (Leisurely moving, without haste) Ruhevoll, poco adagio (Peacefully, a little adagio) Sehr behaglich (Very comfortably) After what is for Mahler an unusually restrained.
Symphony No. 2 (Mahler) - Symphony No. 2 (Mahler) The Symphony No. 2 in C minor by Gustav Mahler, known as the Resurrection, was written between 1888 and 1894. It is one of Mahler's most popular works. The symphony is written for an orchestra consisting of four flutes, four piccolos, four oboes, cor anglais, four clarinets, bass clarinet, four bassoons, double bassoon, ten French horns, ten trumpets, four trombones, tuba, timpani, bass drum, cymbals, tam tam, triangle, snare drum, glockenspiel, bells, two harps, organ and strings. The fourth movement requires an alto soloist, and the last movement adds a soprano soloist and a choir. The symphony began life as Totenfeier (Funeral Rites), a one movement symphonic poem based on an epic poem by Adam Mickiewicz, which Mahler completed in 1888. Later,.
Symphony No. 7 (Mahler) - Symphony No. 7 (Mahler) The Symphony No. 7 in E minor by Gustav Mahler was written from 1904 to 1906. The symphony is sometimes known as The Song of the Night, though this nickname is not as common as the other Mahler symphonies, Titan, Resurrection, Tragic and Symphony of a Thousand. The piece is written for an orchestra consisting of four flutes, piccolo, four clarinets, bass clarinet, three bassoons, double bassoon, tenor horn, four French horns, three trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, bass drum, triangle, cymbals, tambourine, tamtam, bells, cowbells, mandolin, guitar, two harps and strings (violins, violas, cellos and double basses). Mahler began work on his seventh symphony in 1904, before he had completed his sixth. He wrote the two Nachtmusik movements first, and the.
Symphony No. 6 (Mahler) - Symphony No. 6 (Mahler) The Symphony No. 6 in A minor by Gustav Mahler, known as the Tragic, was composed between 1903 and 1905. The piece is unique among Mahler's symphonies in ending in an unambiguously tragic manner. All the other symphonies end happily or contenedly apart from the Symphony No. 9 which is often described as ending in a mood of quiet resignation. Many people have commented on this unexpectedness of the sixth's tragic tone given the fact that it was composed in what were, for Mahler, exceptioanlly happy times - he had married Alma Schindler in 1902, and during the course of the work's composition his first two daughters were born. Bruno Walter claimed that Mahler himself gave the symphony its nickname The Tragic..
Symphony No. 3 (Mahler) - Symphony No. 3 (Mahler) The Symphony No. 3 in D minor by Gustav Mahler was written between 1893 and 1896. It is his longest piece, with a typical performance lasting around two hours. As is usual in Mahler, the piece is written for a large orchestra, consisting of four flutes and piccolos, four oboes, cor anglais, clarinets, bass clarinet, four bassoons, double bassoon, ten French horns, ten trumpets, four trombones, tuba, timpani, bass drum, cymbals, tamtam, triangle, snare drum, Rute, glockenspiel, bells, two harps, organ, violins, violas, cellos, and double basses. As in his Symphony No. 2, Mahler adds vocal forces to the later movements of the piece. The fourth movement is a song for alto, and the fifth movement adds a women's chorus and a.
Symphony No. 22 (Haydn) - Symphony No. 22 (Haydn) The Symphony No. 22 in E flat major by Joseph Haydn was written in 1764. It has the nickname The Philosopher (Der Philosoph). Haydn composed this symphony for the enjoyment of his employer, Prince Nikolaus Eszterházy, and of his family. At the time, Haydn was 32 years old and had already been working as the Eszterházy Vice-Kapellmeister for three years. In this capacity, Haydn also would have directed the premiere performance. It is thought that Haydn used the violin to lead the other players, numbering little more than a dozen. The original autograph score of the symphony survives. The nickname "Philosopher" was not Haydn's own, but was used in his lifetime. The reasons for the nickname are unknown, but it is often.
Symphony No. 44 (Haydn) - Symphony No. 44 (Haydn) The Symphony No. 44 in E minor by Joseph Haydn was written sometime around 1770. It has the nickname Trauer (Mourning) apparently because late in life Haydn asked for its slow movement to be played at his funeral. The work is in four movements: Allegro con brio Menuetto: Allegretto Adagio Finale: Presto The piece is typical of Haydn's Sturm und Drang (storm and stress) period. The first movement, which is in sonata form, begins with a four-note motif played in unison which occurs throughout the movement. The second movement, unusually, is a minuet in E minor and trio in E major (this movement would normally come third). The minuet is in the form of a canon between the upper and lower strings..
Symphony No. 9 (Mahler) - Symphony No. 9 (Mahler) The Symphony No. 9 in D major by Gustav Mahler was written in 1909 and 1910. It was the last symphony that Mahler completed. The piece is in four movements: Andante comodo In tempo eines gemächlichen Ländlers Rondo-Burleske: Allegro assai Adagio It is written for an orchestra made up of four flutes, piccolo, three oboes, cor anglais, an E flat clarinet, three B flat clarinets, a bass clarinet, four bassoons, a double bassoon, four French horns, three trumpets, three trombones, a tuba, timpani, glockenspiel, cymbals, bass drum, side drum, triangle, tambourine, three bells, two harps and strings (violins divided into two groups, violas, cellos and double basses). Although the symphony has the traditional number of movements (four) it is unusual in that.
John Corigliano - classical music. Most of Corigliano's work has been for full symphony orchestra. He employs a wide variety of styles, sometimes even within the same work, but aims to make his work accessible to a relatively large audience. He has written several symphonies, concertoes for clarinet and oboe, film scores, and various chamber works. In 2001 he received the Pulitzer Prize for his Symphony No. 2 for String Orchestra. His score for the motion picture The Red Violin won an Academy Award for best score. Corigliano comes from a musical family. His father was concertmaster of the New York Philharmonic for 23 years, and his mother played piano. He studied composition at Columbia University and at the Manhattan School of Music. He is gay..
Eunice Norton - Hess' own mentor, the famed pedagogue Tobias Matthay, with whom Norton would remain in association for 8 years. Eunice Norton made her first appearance within that same year with the Queen’s Hall Symphony Orchestra under the baton of Sir Henry Wood, who subsequently took Norton on tour as soloist throughout the provinces. She played many recitals at that time in Wigmore Hall, and was soloist with the Manchester, Birmingham, and B.B.C Symphonies under Sirs Hamilton Harty and Adrian Boult. After winning the Chappell Gold Medal and the London Bach Prize in 1927, she performed in Vienna, The Hague, Paris, and Leipzig with the famous Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra. In Berlin alone, she gave more than twenty concerts to dazzling critical reviews, including a Bach concert about which musicologist and critic Alfred Einstein.
Arnold Schoenberg - recognized Schoenberg's significance as a composer: Strauss when he encountered Schoenberg's Gurrelieder. Mahler adopted Schoenberg as a protégé and worried about who would look after him after his death. Schoenberg was influenced by Mahler, championed his work, and considered Mahler a "saint". However, much of his work was not well received. In 1907 his Chamber Symphony No. 1 was premiered. The audience was small, and the reaction to the work lukewarm. When it was played again, however, in a 1913 concert which also included works by Alban Berg, Anton Webern and Alexander Zemlinsky, some of the audience began to shout out abuse. Later in the concert, during a performance of some songs by Berg, fighting broke out, and the police had to be called in. Schoenberg's music had made a break.
BBC Symphony Orchestra - BBC Symphony Orchestra The BBC Symphony Orchestra is the principal orchestra of the British Broadcasting Corporation and one of the leading orchestras in Britain. The orchestra was founded as a full time organisation in 1930 by Adrian Boult. He remained principal conductor until 1950, when Malcolm Sargent took over (holding the post until 1957). Other principal conductors have included Antal Doráti (1962-66), Colin Davis (1967-71), Pierre Boulez (1971-75), Gennady Rozhdestvensky (1978-81) and Andrew Davis (no relation to Colin) who held from the post from 1989 until he was succeeded by Leonard Slatkin in 2000. Also in 2000, the orchestra appointed its first Associate Composer, Mark-Anthony Turnage. As well as these principal conductors, the orchestra has had several notable guest conductors, including Arturo Toscanini. The orchestra frequently commissions.
Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra - Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra The Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra is an English orchestra which, despite its name, is now based in Poole rather than Bournemouth. It was originally the Bournemouth Municipal Orchestra, which was founded in 1893 as a small group of wind players. It quickly expanded to become a full orchestra and gained a name for championing contemporary British music. It changed names in 1954, while Charles Groves was its principal conductor (he held the post from 1951 to 1961). Its other principal conductors include Constantin Silvestri (1961-69), Paavo Berglund (1972-79), and Rudolf Barshay (1983-88). From September 2002 Marin Alsop, formerly music director of the Colorado Symphony Orchestra, is its principal conductor. The orchestra currently gives around 150 concerts a year. It also makes recordings, with its recording.
Canon (music) - of the leader. Inverse An inverted canon (also called canon in contrary motion) moves the follower in contrary motion to the leader. Where the leader would go down a fifth, the follower goes up, and vice versa. A sub-order of canon in contrary motion, "mirror," maintains the precise quality of each interval. Retrograde In a crab canon, also known as cancrizans, the follower accompanies the leader backward (in retrograde). Mensuration and tempo canons In a mensuration canon (also known as proportional canon), the follower imitates the leader by some rhythmic proportion. The follower may double the rhythmic values of the leader (augmentation or sloth canon) or it may cut the rhythmic proportions in half (diminution canon). Phasing involves the application of modulating rhythmic proportions according to a sliding scale. The cancrizans,.
Culture of North Korea - expression. Foreign imperialists, especially the Japanese and the Americans, are depicted as heartless monsters; revolutionary heroes and heroines are seen as saintly figures who act from the purest of motives. The three most consistent themes are martyrdom during the revolutionary struggle (depicted in literature such as The Sea of Blood), the happiness of the present society, and the genius of the "great leader" or "dear leader." Kim Il Sung himself was described as a writer of "classical masterpieces" during the anti-Japanese struggle. Novels created "under his direction" include The Flower Girl, The Sea of Blood, The Fate of a Self-Defense Corps Man, and The Song of Korea; these are considered "prototypes and models of chuch'e literature and art." A 1992 newspaper report describes Kim in semiretirement as writing his memoirs--"a heroic.
