Template (programming) - Template (programming) In computer programming, templates allow code to be written without consideration of the data-type with which it will eventually be used. They are a feature of C++, Ada and some other languages. Templates are similar to macros, in that they are interpreted by the preprocessor and don't reduce efficiency. However templates are type-safe, which encourages the writing of error free code. Templates were left out of some C++ derived languages, such as Java and C#, because these languages have other methods of dealing with the same problems. However templates are of great utility to programmers in C++, especially when combined with multiple inheritance and operator overloading. The Standard Template Library (STL) for C++ provides many useful functions within a framework of connected templates. There.
Template metaprogramming - Template metaprogramming Template metaprogramming is a tricky programming technique to get some evaluations done at compile-time by abusing the facility of templates in C++. The programming is uncommon. What 'programming at compile-time' means is best illustrated with a simple example: Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Factorial with recursion 2 (4*3*2*1) 3 Factorial with template metaprogramming 4 Traditional n-dimensional vector class approach 5 Template metaprogramming enhanced n-dimensional vector class 6 See also Factorial with recursion int factorial(int n) { if (n == 1) return 1; else return n * factorial(n - 1); } //factorial(4) (4*3*2*1) 24 Factorial with template metaprogramming template struct Factorial { enum { value = N * Factorial ::value }; }; template <> struct Factorial<1> { enum { value = 1 }; }; //Factorial<4>::value.
Generic programming - Generic programming In computer science, generics are a technique that allows one value to take different datatype (so-called polymorphism) as long as certain contracts (so-called subtype) are kept. The programming style with it is called "generic programming". Among OOP languages, C++, Beta, Eiffel, Ada, and later versions of Java provides generic facility. In C++, templates support generics and popularized the notion of generics. For example, in C++ code, template T max (T x, T y) { if (x < y) return y; else return x; } In this case, a pseudo-datatype T is called "subtype". T can be anything that can be compared. Uncommon, template metaprogramming is a way of making algorithms evaluate when your code is compiled. See also Partial evaluation.
Dispute over the definition of object-oriented programming - Dispute over the definition of object-oriented programming The definitions of object-oriented programming are disputed. In the most general sense, object-oriented programming refers to the practice of viewing software primarily in terms of the "things" (objects) it manipulates, rather than the actions it performs. Other paradigms such as functional and procedural programming focus primarily on the actions, with the objects being secondary considerations; in OOP, the situation is converse. Widely-used terminology distinguishes object-oriented programming from object-based. The former is held to include inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism, while the latter does not. Arguments for strict definitions In computer programming a window class is a structure fundamental to the Microsoft Windows (Win16 and Win32) operating systems and its Application Programming Interface (API). The structure provides a template, from which a window may be created,.
Template method pattern - Template method pattern A software design pattern template method pattern is used for computer programming..
Template (disambiguation) - Template (disambiguation) A template's function is mostly to separate the form from the content. A template may mean a predefined layout to give you an idea what to write where with boxes and lines. On a computational basis the concept also gives you the ability by modifying the template to change the appearance of available content. The term template is also used in computer programming. see template (programming) See also Wikipedia:WikiProjects for propositions of templates for Wikipedia articles.
Logo programming language - Logo programming language Logo is a computer programming language first developed in the late 1960s, by a team at BBN led by Seymour Papert, Wallace Feurzeig, and Daniel Bobrow. Logo was originally about manipulating words and sentences, hence its name, derived from the Greek word "logos" meaning "word". Papert, a professor at MIT and the author of Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas, later added the turtle graphics for which Logo is now most famous. Papert used LISP but changed the syntax so it is much easier to read. One could say that Logo is Lisp without the parentheses. Today, it is known principally for its "Turtle Graphics" but it has significant list handling facilities, file handling and I/O facilities and can be used to teach most.
Java Servlet - (but like PHP), it has the ability to maintain state after many server transactions. This is done with a combination of HTTP Cookies and session variables (via URL Rewriting). This programming API defines the expected interactions of a web container and a servlet. A web container is essentially the component of a web server that interacts with the servlets. The web container is responsible for mapping a URL to a particular servlet and ensuring that the URL requester has the correct access rights. A servlet is an object that receives requests and generates a response based on the request. The API defines HTTP subclasses of the generic servlet requests and responses as well as an HTTP session object that tracks multiple requests and responses between the web server and a client..
Iterator - Iterator In computer programming, an iterator is an object that maintains a type of cursor used for processing each element in a list or in another data structure that contains similar items. Iterators are frequently used in languages like Java; they are crucial in gaming languages such as UnrealScript. An example usage of an iterator (for java) can be explained here. Iterator it = list.iterator(); while(it.hasNext()){ Object spot = it.next(); } The above example implies that the Object (called list) supports an iterator method. This hypothetical iterator then supplies the methodss hasNext and next that are used for scrolling through the list of items. The variable spot is a type of cursor marking the current element. foreach $spot (@list){ print "$spot\\n"; } The above example (in perl) shows.
Extensibility pattern - Extensibility pattern In computer programming the extensibility pattern is one of design patternss that is to provide a framework for certain kind of tasks. Problem: Supporting features, such as protocols, that don't yet exist. Solving general problems without concern for the specifics of details. Solution: Synopsis: Provide a framework certain kind of task. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Frameworks 2 Configuration Files as Extentions 3 Extending Through Scripting 4 1 $state Frameworks A "framework" uses other modules. Normal modules have a fixed set of dependencies and are only extended through subclassing, as per AboutInheritance. A framework may consist of several parts that must be inherited to be used much like several cases of AbstractClass. It may also be passed references to other objects, as would a class that is.
Design pattern (computer science) - the four authors) says: Design patterns solve specific design problems and make object-oriented designs more flexible and elegant, and ultimately reusable. They help designers reuse successful designs by basing new designs on prior experience. A designer who is familiar with such patterns can apply them immediately to design problems without having to rediscover them. In computer programming, the incredible gap in productivity between amateurs and experts is partly a difference in experience. Experts have weathered a variety of problems repeatedly. Typically experts end up with the same pattern to solve the problems as each other's. That is a design pattern. (GoF) Each pattern comes up with the problem that happens again and again among programmers. Then it shows a typical solution for such a problem, if not the best solution, along.
Aggregate pattern - Aggregate pattern In computer programming, an aggregate pattern is a design pattern. Members of a common subclass are each known to have certain methodss. These methods return information about the state of that particular object. It does happen that an application is concerned with an aggregation, or amalgamation, of data from several object of the same type. This leads to code being repeated around the program: my $subtotal; foreach my $item (@cart) { $subtotal += $item->query_price(); } my $weight; foreach my $item (@cart) { $weight += $item->query_weight(); } # and so on Representing individual objects when the application is concerned about the general state of several objects is an ImpedenceMismatch. This is a common mismatch as programmers feel obligated to model the world in minute detail then are pressed.
Agent Smith - The System 3 A Departure from the Norm 4 Revelation of Purpose 5 Against the Anomaly 6 Stylistic Genealogy Smith, Agent Smith Following the naming pattern for Agents within the Matrix, Smith can be seen as a template for the everyman (or perhaps an antithesis thereof). The name is thought by some to imply the square, "whitebread" connotations of propping up The Man's (or in this case The Machine's) Establishment. Other Agents have names like Brown, Johnson and Thompson - very solid-citizen, Anglo-Saxon names. In addition, the name "Smith" is explicitly attributed (on the license plate of Smith's car in Reloaded) to in the Book of Isaiah 54:16 from the Old Testament: "Behold, I have created the smith that bloweth the coals in the fire, and that bringeth forth an instrument.
ANSI C standard library - at AT&T's Bell Laboratories in the late 1960s and early 1970s. During the 1970s the C programming language became increasingly popular. Many universities and organizations began creating their own variations of the language for their own projects. By the beginning of the 1980s compatibility problems between the various C implementations became apparent. In 1983 the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) formed a committee to establish a standard implementation of C known as "ANSI C". Part of the resulting standard was a set of software libraries called the ANSI C standard library. The ANSI C standard library consists of 18 C header files which can be included into a programmer's project with a single statement. Each header file contains one or more functions, function prototypes, data type definitions and macros. The contents.
TeX - many Unix installations. TeX is generally considered to be the best way to typeset complex mathematical formulas, but, especially in the form of LaTeX and other template packages, is now also being used for many other typesetting tasks. It can be used to compose mathematical expressions on Wikipedia pages; see Wikipedia:TeX markup. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 The typesetting system 3 License 4 Quality 5 The name 6 Derived works 7 Compatible tools 8 TeX and Wikipedia 9 TeX examples History Knuth began TeX because he had become annoyed at the declining quality of the typesetting in volumes I-III of his monumental The Art of Computer Programming. In a manifestation of the typical hackish urge to solve the problem at hand once and for all, he began to design.
Andrei Alexandrescu - widely regarded as one of the foremost experts on advanced C++ programming. He is particularly known for his pioneering work on policy-based design implemented via template metaprogramming. These ideas are articulated in his book Modern C++ Design (Addison-Wesley, 2001, ISBN 0201704315) and were first implemented in his programming library, Loki. Alexandrescu is currently a graduate student at the University of Washington, researching compiler design. He contributes to the C/C++ Users Journal under the byline "Generic ".
Anonymous subroutine objects pattern - Anonymous subroutine objects pattern In computer programming, Anonymous subroutine objects pattern is one of design patternss. Problem Perl's Object-oriented programming interface sucks. Instance variables are slow to access, and require a special syntax that is unsightly and prevents easily converting procedural code to OO code. Subclass data can clobber superclass instance data unless manually prefixed with the class name. Or, you just want to integrate the LambdaProgramming style with the Object-oriented programming style to harness their respective strengths. Solution Mix Object-oriented and Lambda programming styles to deal with the ugliness of Perl's InstanceVariables syntax, write more concise program, and use scopes for implicit data flow rather than manually passing to and reading from constructors. Lambda programming's concept of automatically binding code to a particular variable created at a particular time is.
C Plus Plus - "see plus plus"; originally known as: C with Classeses) is a computer programming language; it is an extensible and procedural free-form multi-paradigm language, with object-oriented extensions. During the 1990s, C++ became one of the most popular commercial programming languages. Bell Labs' Bjarne Stroustrup developed C++, during the 1980s, as an upgraded "object-oriented" version of C. Along with its object-oriented design, today's C++ differs from C in its support for generic programming and template metaprogramming; via alias types, in-line expansion, templates, and //-commenting (though note that C has subsequently adopted in-line expansion and //-commenting). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History of C++ 2 Technical Overview 3 History of the Name "C++" 4 4 and y 5 Ownership of C++ 6 C++ Examples 6.1 Example 1 6.2 Example 2 6.3 Example 3 7.
C standard library - C standard library The C programming language before it was standardized did not provide built-in functionalities such as I/O operations (unlike traditional languages such as Pascal and Fortran). Over time, user communities of C shared ideas and implementations of what we now call C standard libraries to provide that functionality. Many of these ideas were incorporated eventually into the definition of the standardized C programming language. The name and characterstic of each function are included into a computer file called header file but the actual implementation of functions are separated into a library file. The naming and scope of headers have become common but the organization of libraries still remain diverse. The standard library is usually shipped along with a compiler. For example, glibc is shipped and usually.
Xaraya - under the GNU General Public License. Xaraya is written in the PHP programming language, and is a fork of the Postnuke project. Although Xaraya shares some of the same ideas behind Postnuke and PHP-Nuke, the underlying technology has been redesigned to further separate a site's design and its content. High-Level Features of Xaraya From the press release blurb: A highly modular system. No longer is there a need to change core scripts in order to accomplish a deed. With the Xaraya Event System, you can plug into the core where and when you need. With the modular design, there is also a high degree of re-usable code. With the Xaraya Hooks System, you are able to add different presentation layers to nearly any module. Want comments for your users, but not.
