The Era of Russian Palace Revolutions - The Era of Russian Palace Revolutions The Era of Russian Palace Revolutions covers the period of turbulence in the Russian monarchy following the death of Peter the Great in 1725 to the coronation of the next tsar able to stabilize the monarchy, Catherine II of Russia in 1762 Peter changed the rules of succession to the throne after he killed his own son, Aleksey, who had opposed his father's reforms and served as a rallying figure for antireform groups. A new law provided that the tsar would choose his own successor, but Peter failed to do so before his death in 1725. In the decades that followed, the absence of clear rules of succession left the monarchy open to intrigues, plots, coups, and countercoups. Henceforth, the.
Imperial Russia - article is part of the History of Russia series. Early Russian East Slavs Kievan Rus' Khazaria Muscovy Mongol invasion of Russia Imperial Russia Russian Revolution Russian Civil War Soviet Union Collapse of the Soviet Union Commonwealth of Independent States History of post-communist Russia List of famous Russians The Russian Empire (or Imperial Russia) covers the period of Russian history from the expansion of the state of Muscovy under Peter the Great into the Russian Empire stretching from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposition of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start of the Russian Revolution in 1917. This period is also regarded by many as the Russian Empire, however many also consider the Soviet Union to have been a continuation of the empire up until.
Qing Dynasty - 1673 Shang Kexi petitioned emperor Kangxi stating his desire to retire to his home town in Liaodong (辽东) province and nominated his son in place for succession. The young Kangxi emperor granted his retirement but denied the hereditary of his fief. In reaction, the two other generals decided to petition for their own retirements to test Kangxi's resolve thinking that he wouldn't risk offending them. The move backfried as the young emperor called their bluff by accepting their requests and ordered all three feudatories to be revert back to the crown. Faced with the stripping of their powers, Wu sangui felt he had no choice but to revolt. He was later joined by Di Zhongming and Shang Kexi's son Shang Zhixin (尚之信). The ensuing rebellion lasted for eight years. At the.
November 2003 - police several times throughout the day. Protester sources indicate upwards of 250 protesters incarcerated, along with reports of physical and sexual assault while in custody. [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] Other demonstrations take place in cities throughout the Americas. Occupation of Iraq: Three US troops are killed in Iraq, two of them in a civilian vehicle in Mosul and the third in a roadside bombing in Baquba. A mob desecrates the bodies of the Mosul victims and loots their gear. [1] [1] A female acting ambassador to the USA is chosen by Iraq's Governing Council: Rend Rahim, an Iraqi/American educated in Britain, France and Lebanon. [1] A US military helicopter crashes near Bagram, Afghanistan, killing five soldiers and wounding seven. [1] An opinion poll in Pakistan says that about 75% of.
German Confederation - in 1866. All the constituent states became part of the German Empire in 1871, except Austria, Liechtenstein, and Luxembourg (see List of German Confederation member states). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Impact of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic invasions 2 Romanticism, nationalism, liberalism and in the Vormärz era 3 Economic Integration 4 The Revolutions of 1848 5 Bismarck and the Wars of Unification 6 Related articles Impact of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic invasions The late 18th century was a period of political, economic, intellectual, and cultural reform, the Enlightenment (represented by figures such as Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire, and Adam Smith), but also involving early Romanticism, climaxed in the French Revolution, where freedom of the individual and nation was asserted against privilege and custom. Composed of a great variety.
Grand Duchess Olga of Russia - of Romania (and also a Prince of Wales was a suitor), but Olga did not like him and the plans were, in any event, put on hold upon the outbreak of war. The Russian parliament, before Nicholas' abdication, hoped for her to be regent for her brother Aleksey. She was twenty-two when she was murdered with her family in the Ipatiev House in Ekaterinburg in 1918, after a year of imprisonment following the February/March Revolutions of 1917. http://www.livadia.org/olishka/ Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia (Olga Alexandrovna Romanova) (June 13, 1882 - November 24, 1960) was a Grand Duchess of Russia and the younger sister of Russian Tsar Nicholas II. Born on June 13, 1882 in Alexandria Palace, Peterhof, Russia, she was the youngest daughter of Tsar Alexander III and his empress,.
Roman Catholicism's links with democracy and dictatorships - the appearance of left wing and right wing dictatorial regimes. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Catholicism and the Roman Emperors 2 The papacy and the Divine Right of Kings 2.1 Catholic missionaries at the Chinese court 3 Popular democracy 3.2 The French Revolutions 3.3 Pius IX and the 'errors of the world' 3.4 Leo XIII 3.5 Pius X - back to 'Throne and Altar' 4 The Church and the Twentieth Century 4.6 Pius XI and the Roman Question 4.7 Fascism 4.7.1 Spain 4.7.2 Portugal 4.7.3 Italy 4.7.4 Germany 4.7.5 Elsewhere in Europe 4.8 The Second Vatican Council 4.9 Liberation Theology 4.10 The Church and Central and South America 4.10.6 The church establishment and regimes 4.10.7 The radical church and regimes 4.11 Communism 4.11.8 The Eastern Bloc 4.11.9 The Catholic churches of.
Klemens Wenzel von Metternich - was an Austrian politician and statesman and perhaps the most important diplomat of his era. Metternich was born in Coblenz into minor Westphalian nobility, and one of his earliest diplomatic coups was to marry the granddaughter of the powerful and wealthy Austrian chancellor Count Wenzel von Kaunitz in 1795. His diplomatic skills soon won him posts as ambassador to Berlin, then in 1806 to Paris. Following Austria's disastrous defeat by Napoleon in 1809, Metternich was made Austria's Foreign Minister, replacing Johann Philipp von Stadion, and pursued a pro-French policy, going so far as to engineer the marriage of Napoleon to Marie-Louise, Emperor Francis's daughter. Following Napoleon's defeat in Russia in 1812, Metternich turned to a policy of neutrality, and attempted to mediate a peace between Napoleon and his Russian and Prussian.
Independence of Poland Regained - the History of Poland series. Early history of Poland (until 1385) The Jagiellon Era The Noble Republic Partitioned Poland (1795-1914) Independence of Poland Regained History of Poland (1939-1945) People's Republic of Poland History of Poland (1989-present) Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 World War I 1.1 War and the Polish Lands 1.2 Recovery of Statehood 2 Interwar Poland 2.3 Formative Years, 1918-21 2.4 From Democracy to Authoritarian government 2.5 Poland's International Situation 3 Reference World War I After World War I and the collapse of the Russian, German and Austro-Hungarian Empires, Poland became an independent republic. However, Poland's geographical position between Germany and Russia meant much fighting and terrific human and material losses for the Poles between 1914 and 1918. War and the Polish Lands The war split the ranks of the.
Head of State - the head of state may be able to dismiss an office holder themselves. An example is the ability of the President of the Fifth French Republic to replace his Prime Minister at will. Many heads of state or their representatives have the theoretical power to dismiss any office-holder but it is exceptionally rarely used. In one controversial case, the Governor-General of Australia, Sir John Kerr in 1975 dismissed Prime Minister Gough Whitlam over a parliamentary deadlock that had resulted in Whitlam's government losing Supply (ie, access to exchequer funds), but which had not been followed by the standard request for a parliamentary dissolution. (Because it was the upper house not the lower house that blocked Supply, Whitlam controversially believed that he did not have to request an immediate dissolution.) George Washington.
History of the Netherlands - Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Prehistory 2 Roman Era 3 Holy Roman Empire 4 Struggle for Independence and the Golden Age 5 French rule 6 Monarchy 7 20th century 7.1 World War I 7.2 World War II 7.3 After World War II Prehistory The Netherlands have been inhabited since the last Ice Age. The most famous remnants from the early age in the Netherlands are the hunebedden (Dutch for dolmens), large stone grave monuments from the neolithic, which can be found in Drenthe. Roman Era In the first century BC, the Romans came to the Netherlands. For the majority of the Roman occupation, the boundary of the Roman Empire lay along the Rhine. Romans built the first cities in the Netherlands, most importantly Utrecht, Nijmegen, and Maastricht. The northern part of.
History of California - Gaspar de Portola marched north from San Diego along the route of El Camino Real. Portola became the first European to view San Francisco Bay, discovering it from the land. Within a few years, the mission at San Francisco, the town of Yerba Buena and a military base at the entrance to the bay, the Presidio of San Francisco, had been founded to protect and colonize the bay. In the early 1800s, the Russian Empire, which had already claimed Alaska, briefly explored the west coast, and set up trading posts as far south as Fort Ross. A prominent marriage between a leading californio family and an imperial noble almost caused Russian trade to advance into Southern California. The scion from Russia died of disease while crossing Siberia to get a dispensation.
History of Ottoman Egypt - held was given to his son Ismail. Ismail held this office for sixteen years, while the pashas were constantly being changed, and succeeded in reconciling the two factions of Mamelukes. In 1724 this person was assassinated through the machinations of the pasha, and Shirkas Bey, of the opposing faction, elevated to the office of Sheik al-Balad in his place. He was soon driven from his post by one of his own faction called Dhui-Fiqar, and fled to Upper Egypt. After a short time he returned at the head of an army, and some engagements ensued, in the last of which Shirkas Bey met his end by drowning; Dhul-Fiqar was himself assassinated in 1730 shortly after this event. His place was filled by Othman Bey, who had served as his general in.
History of California/Temp - the northern end of the island, and then discovering a northern straight back to the Atlantic Ocean, known to the Spanish as the Strait of Anián, and in English as the Northwest Passage. On September 28, his party landed at San Diego Bay, and became the first Europeans in Alta California. Cabrillo continued sailing up the coast, turning back south after reaching the mouth of the Russian River. The expedition spent the winter anchored at one of the Channel Islands off the Southern California coast. Cabrillo died in early 1543, but the expedition continued under Bartolomé Ferrelo, who had been the chief pilot. It is not known how far north the expedition reached while looking the the Strait of Anián, but they might have gone as far as Oregon. Spanish Settlement.
Unter den Linden - west of the Brandenburg Gate, going through the Tiergarten Park, is called now Straße des 17. Juni. The rich history of the Prussian era is reflected in the buildings, which include Brandenburg Gate Humboldt University Kronprinzenpalais (Crown Prince's Palace - most recently used as a museum) Russian Embassy (formerly the Soviet Embassy) Berlin State Opera The Cathedral of St. Hedwig The Zeughaus (Arsenal) After the Schlossbübrucke bridge over the canal the road becomes Karl-Liebknecht-Straße. See also: Karl Friedrich Schinkel..
Economic history of Great Britain - modern, industrial nation. Following the defeat of Napoleon, Britain was the 'workshop of the world', meaning that its finished goods were no longer produced so efficiently and cheaply that they could often undersell comparable, locally manufactured goods in almost any other market. If political conditions in a particular overseas markets were stable enough, Britain could its economy through free trade alone without having to resort to formal rule or mercantilism. Britain was even supplying half the needs in manufactured goods of such nations as Germany, France, Belgium, and the United States. Britain, in as sense, continued to adhere to the Cobdenite notion that informal colonialism was preferable — the established consensus among industrial capitalists during the age of Pax Britannica between the downfall of Napoleon and the Franco-Prussian War. Sovereign areas.
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - rustic reputation based on recruitment of students from the provinces. Most of them were Pashtuns, especially the Ghilzais. They had few apparent connections in the senior bureaucracy, many had taken jobs as school teachers. Khalq's influence at Kabul University was also limited. These newcomers to Kabul had seemed poorly positioned to penetrate the government. Moreover, they were led by the erratic Mohammed Taraki, a poet, sometime minor official, and a publicly notorious radical. Confident that his military officers were reliable, Daoud must have discounted the diligence of Taraki's lieutenant, Hafizullah Amin, who had sought out dissident Pashtun officers. The bungling of Amin's arrest, which enabled him to trigger the coup ahead of its planned date, also suggests Khalq's penetration of Daoud's security police. The organisers of the coup had carried out.
Democratic Kampuchea - Kampuchea 7 Reference Democratic Kampuchea (1975-1979) Mid-April is the beginning of the Cambodian new year, the year's most festive celebration. For many Cambodians, the fall of Phnom Penh promised both a new year and a new era of peace. The people of Phnom Penh and of other cities waited in anticipation for the appearance of their new rulers. The troops who entered the capital on April 17 were mostly grim-faced youths clad in black with the checkered scarves that had become the uniform of the movement. Their unsmiling demeanor quickly dispelled popular enthusiasm. People began to realize that, in the eyes of the victors, the war was not over; it was just beginning, and the people were the new enemy. Evacuation of Phnom Penh began immediately.The black-clad troops told the residents.
Afghanistan timeline November 2002 - 3, 2002 26 November 2, 2002 27 November 1, 2002 28 See Also November 30, 2002 In Moscow, Afghan foreign minister, Abdullah, and his Russian counterpart, Igor Ivanov, held talks focusing on security issues. Russia had provided economic and food aid to Afghanistan during 2002, and Ivanov committed to increasing that aid. The two officials also spent much of their time discussing the growing problem of illegal drug smuggling. November 29, 2002 Australia announced it would contribute $1 million towards a project to help Afghanistan restore production of wheat and maize. U.S General Tommy Franks visited U.S. troops stationed at Bagram, Afghanistan. Two rockets were fired at the U.S base near Khost, about 100 miles south of Kabul, Afghanistan. November 28, 2002 To date, U.N-monitored disarmament commissions collected more than 6,000.
Citizen Kane - psychological and allegorical) is the investigation of a man's inner self, through the works he has wrought, the words he has spoken, the many lives he has ruined. . . . Overwhelmingly, endlessly, Orson Welles shows fragments of the life of the man, Charles Foster Kane, and invites us to combine them and reconstruct him. Forms of multiplicity and incongruity abound in the film: the first scenes record the treasures amassed by Kane; in one of the last, a poor woman, luxuriant and suffering, plays with an enormous jigsaw puzzle on the floor of a palace that is also a museum. At the end we realize that the fragments are not governed by a secret unity: the detested Charles Foster Kane is a simulacrum, a chaos of appearances." The film combines.
