Unix epoch - Unix epoch The Unix epoch is the representation of points in time as the number of non-leap seconds since 00:00:00 UTC on January 1 1970, introduced by the Unix operating system, standardised in POSIX, and later adopted by the Java programming language and JavaScript. Because many computers today store the number of seconds as a 32-bit signed integer, the Unix epoch is often said to last 231 seconds, thus “ending” at 03:14:07 Tuesday, January 19, 2038 (UTC). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Storage formats for Unix times 2 Effects of the 2038 rollover 3 Leap seconds in the Unix epoch 4 Trivia Storage formats for Unix times In POSIX conforming systems, the type time_t is often used to represent times. It is an arithmetic type in.
Unix billennium - Unix billennium The Unix Billennium is the point in time one billion seconds after the Unix epoch: 01:46:40 UTC on September 9 2001. Some programs which stored timestamps using a text representation encountered sorting errors, as in a text sort times after the turnover, starting with a "1" digit, erroneously sorted before earlier times starting with a "9" digit. Affected programs included the popular usenet reader KNode and email client KMail, part of the KDE desktop environment. Such bugs were generally cosmetic in nature and quickly fixed once problems became apparent. The name is an amalgamation of "billion" and "millennium", recalling the year 2000 bug. The name is not very logical as billennium should rather mean a billion years. Billesecum might have been a better term..
Epoch - Epoch The word epoch can mean either an interval of time, or a particular point in time used as a reference point. In common usage, the term is often used to apply to a period of time when significant related events took place. (see also: period, era) In geology, the recent (to the geologist) past is divided into a series of epochs of a few million years each. See Geologic Timescale. In computing, an epoch is a specific date and time used as the reference for all other times. The Unix epoch is an example. In astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time for which celestial coordinates or orbital elements are specified. In the case of celestial coordinates, the position at other times can be.
January 1 - reduced commission at the Philadelphia Navy Yard. 1934 - Alcatraz becomes a federal prison 1935 - Bucknell University wins the first Orange Bowl 26-0 over the University of Miami 1937 - Anastasio Somoza becomes President of Nicaragua 1937 - The first Cotton Bowl game is played in Dallas, Texas 1939 - Vienna New Year's Concert is first held. 1942 - World War II: The word "United Nations" is first officially used to describe the Allied pact. 1942 - USS Captor is acquired by the Navy as part of the Auxiliary Vessels Act. 1945 - USS California (BB-44) departs from Palau for the Luzon landings 1945 - USS Colorado (BB-45) Returns to Luzon on and participates in the preinvasion bombardments in Lingayen Gulf. 1945 - Bahawalpur State issues its own stamps. 1948.
Year 2000 problem - the programs usually changed very little. Popular software like dBase continued the practice of storing dates as text well into the 1980s and 1990s. Saving two characters for every date field was a significant savings at that time. Most programmers of that time did not expect their programs to remain in use for many decades, so they did not consider it a significant problem. However this was not universally true. The problem was first recognised in 1958 by Bob Bemer as a result of work on genealogical software. He spent the next twenty years trying to make programmers, IBM, the US government and the ISO care about the problem, with little result. This included the recommendation that the COBOL PICTURE clause should be used to specify four digit years for dates..
Year 10,000 problem - operating systems are not able to handle dates beyond the 21st century. For example, the calendar in Windows XP ends at the year 2099. However recent Windows operating systems allow a "sliding-window" approach (the window of 1930-2029), and dates can be adjusted forward (for example, adjusting to 1950-2049), with the associated loss of representation of earlier dates. See also:Year 2000 problem, Unix epoch..
1970 - Nobel Prizes 6 Heads of state in 1970 Events January 1 - Construction begins on Arcosanti, by Paolo Soleri, in Mayer, Arizona, located 65, miles north of Phoenix, Arizona. January 1 - Unix epoch begins at 00:00:00 UTC. January 12 - Biafra capitulates, ending the Nigerian civil war. January 15 - After a 32-month fight for independence from Nigeria, Biafra surrenders. January 15 - Muammar al-Qaddafi is proclaimed premier of Libya January 16 - Buckminster Fuller receives the Gold Medal award from the American Institute of Architects. February 11 - John Lennon pays 1,344 in fines for 96 people who had protested against the South African rugby team playing in Scotland. February 11 - Japan becomes the fourth country to launch a satellite into orbit. February 18 - The Chicago Eight.
2038 - can no longer use a signed 32-bit value to store the time in seconds since that date. See Unix epoch for the potential damage this may cause. April 25 - Easter occurs on its latest possible date. The last time this occurred was in 1943 July 2 - Annular solar eclipse December 26 - Total solar eclipse.
Head (Unix) - Head (Unix) head is a program that shows the first 10 lines by default of a file or pipedd data, on Unix and Unix-like systems. It is useful when a file's contents need to be checked, but the whole file does not need to be viewed. This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it..
Unix - Unix UNIX (or Unix) is a portable computer operating system originally developed by a group of AT&T Bell Labs employees including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Standards 3 Free Unix-like operating systems 4 Impact 5 Branding 6 Classic UNIX commands 7 See also 8.
Unix-like - Unix-like A Unix-like operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to the UNIX system. The first Unix-like operating systems were developed because of AT&T's licencing of Unix, which prevented the sale of Unix to commercial organisations. The Unix-like operating systems that were available in the early 1980s included Idris, Coherent, UniFlex, and Minix. When AT&T allowed Unix to be sold to commercial organisations the market for the Unix-like operating systems dried up. The Open Group, which owns the UNIX trademark, considers "UNIX-like" to be a usage problem, and believes that a better alternative term would be the term "POSIX-conforming system". However, the term POSIX-conforming system has its own problems. For example, there are systems which conform to at least the key POSIX standards.
UNIX shell - UNIX shell The Unix shell, also called the command line, is the traditional user interface for the Unix operating system. Users direct the operation of the computer by entering command input as text for the shell to execute. Within the Microsoft Windows suite of operating systems the equivalent program is command.com. The most generic sense of the term shell means any program that users use to type commands; it is called a "shell" because it hides the details of the underlying operating system behind the shell's interface. Similarly, graphical user interfaces for Unix, such as GNOME and KDE, are sometimes called visual shells or graphical shells. By itself, the term shell is usually associated with the command line. In Unix, any program can be the user's.
UNIX98 - applied by The Open Group to operating systems that conform to the Single UNIX Specification, version 2, aka SuSv2..
UNIX manual - UNIX manual Almost all substantial UNIX and Unix-like operating systems have extensive documentation available as an electronic manual, split into multiple sections. To read a page from the manual, one can use the command $ man [ ] at a shell prompt, e.g. "man ftp" (the section number can usually be omitted). Pages are traditionally referred to using the notation "page_name(section)", e.g. ftp(1). The section number is used to allow a specific manual page to be chosen when there are multiple manual pages with the same name. This can occur when the names of system calls, user commands, or macro packages conflict. Two examples are man(1) and man(7), or exit(1) and exit(3). Manual sections The manual is generally split into eight numbered sections, organised as follows:.
Unix Amiga Delitracker Emulator - Unix Amiga Delitracker Emulator UADE (Unix Amiga Delitracker Emulator) is a portable open source or free software program for playing Amiga music on UNIX platforms. UADE supports most of the Amiga sound formats using The UAE Amiga Emulator source code for Amiga emulation. The number of supported music formats was approximately 150 in November 2002. Supported formats include: A.M. Composer 1.2 AC1D Actionamics AHX Amos Music Bank AProSys Art and Magic Art of Noise Audiosculpture Beathoven Synthesizer Benn Daglish Bladepacker / Unique Development Channel Player 1, 2, 3 Chip Tracker (KRIS Tracker) Custom Made / Ron Klaren Customplay Darius Zendeh Dave Lowe (old and new) David Whittaker Delitracker custom songs Delta Music 1.0 and 2.0 Delta Packer 1.0 / Tronic Digibooster 1.x Digital Illusions Digital Mugician.
Unix philosophy - Unix philosophy The Unix philosophy is a set of cultural norms and philosophical approaches to developing software systems based on the experience of leading developers of the Unix operating system. Many individuals have examined these norms and tried to summarize them in some way. Doug McIlroy, the inventor of Unix pipes and one of the founders of the Unix tradition, summarized the philosophy in A Quarter Century of Unix as follows: "This is the Unix philosophy: Write programs that do one thing and do it well. Write programs to work together. Write programs to handle text streams, because that is a universal interface." This has sometimes been briefly summarized as "Do one thing, do it well." Rob Pike, a leading expert on applying the C programming.
Unix security - Unix security Unix security, maintaining a secure environment on Unix and Unix-like operating systems is dependant on design concepts of these operating systems, but vigilance through user and administrative techniques is important to maintain security also. This entry is currently in a scratch pad form - has lots of bones but no meat - im working on it - feel free to join in. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Design concepts 1.1 Permissions 1.2 User groups 1.3 Issues 2 User and administrative techniques 3 Passwords 4 users 5 Patching 6 Services 7 File system 8 General 9 Advanced 10 Service details Design concepts Permissions A core security feature in these systems is the permissions system. All files in a typical Unix-style filesystem have permissions set enabling.
Z shell - Z shell The Z shell (zsh) is a Unix shell. It is most similar to the Korn shell (ksh), but it also includes many features from the C shell (csh) as well. In effect, it attempts to combine the programmability and syntax of the Korn shell with useful features from the C shell, since the C shell has some serious drawbacks as a programming language. External Links Zsh Home page C Shell programming considered harmful (by Tom Christiansen).
Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Schlegel - unfinished romance, which is interesting as an attempt to transfer to practical ethics the Romantic demand for complete individual freedom, and Alarcos, a tragedy (1802) in which, without much success, he combined romantic and classical elements. In 1802 he went to Paris, where he edited the review Europa (1803), lectured on philosophy and carried on Oriental studies, some results of which he embodied in an epoch-making book, ber die Sprache und Weisheit der Indier (1808). In the same year in which this work appeared, he and his wife Dorothea (1763-1839), a daughter of Moses Mendelssohn, joined the Roman Catholic Church, and from this time he became more and more opposed to the principles of political and religious freedom. He went to Vienna and in 1809 was appointed imperial court secretary at.
Karl Otfried Mller - Breslau, and in 1819 he was made adjunct professor of ancient literature in the university of Gttingen, his subject being the archaeology and history of ancient art. His aim was to form a vivid conception of Greek life as a whole; and his books and lectures marked an epoch in the development of Hellenic studies. Mller's position at Gttingen being rendered unpleasant by the political troubles which followed the accession of Ernest Augustus (duke of Cumberland) to the throne of Hanover in 1837, he applied for permission to travel; and in 1839 he left Germany. In April of the following year he reached Greece, having spent the winter in Italy. He investigated the remains of ancient Athens, visited many places of interest in Peloponnesus, and finally went to Delphi, where he.
