Urban secession - Urban secession Urban secession is a city's secession from its surrounding region, to form a new political unit (usually a state or district or province of the same country as its surroundings, but not always). It is the extreme form of urban autonomy, which can be expressed in less formal terms or with ordinary legislation such as a City Charter. Urban autonomy has a long history back to the prehistoric urbanization and the original Mediterranean city-states of classical times, e.g. Ancient Athens, Ancient Rome. In medieval times such measures as the Magdeburg rights established special status for cities and their residents in commercial relations. In general it receded as European cities were incorporated in nation-states especially in the 17th century to 20th century, eventually losing many.
Urban economics - Urban economics The urban economy is the economy of urban areas, as opposed to rural ones. Contrast with rural lifestyle. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 List of terms in urban economics 1.1 urban economic and political autonomy, hazards, principles 1.2 Urban and building infrastructure and navigation 1.3 Urban local and micro-economics 1.4 Urban global and macro-economics 1.5 Famous urbanists 2 Related lists List of terms in urban economics urban economic and political autonomy, hazards, principles arts economy - autonomous village - banking - biohazard response - bioterrorism - casino capitalism - choice of life - city - - consumerism - de-material world - ecological health - environmental health - flash mob - human development theory - land ethic - new materialism - peace economy - political.
Joel Garreau - the School of Public Policy at George Mason University, and principal of the Edge City Group, which is "dedicated to the creation of more liveable and profitable urban areas worldwide." He also writes for Wired Magazine. His work is often compared to that of Jane Jacobs or Ronald J. Oakerson for its focus on urban quality of life and autonomy of urban regions from suburbs and surrounding agricultural areas. His books and articles include: Nine Nations of North America, 1981, about bioregional democracy and its emergence to challenge federal government in the United States, Canada and to a lesser degree in Mexico and the Caribbean islands. Edge City - Life on the New Frontier, 1992, about the end of central city growth, population and economic activity shifting to suburbs, and the.
Independent city - bureaucracy. The same is true of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia, and Brasilia, Brazil. This is parallel to an independent city — a city under a state, with no county, parish, or borough in between, as is typical in other places. In the Commonwealth of Virginia, all municipalities incorporated as cities are by law independent cities. Other Virginia municipalities, even though they may be more populous than some existing independent cities, are incorporated as towns. In other states, independent cities are relatively rare. To leave a county is a very limited example of urban secession, a concept which usually applies when a city is leaving a state or province but staying within a nation. List of independent cities: (partial, add as known) Anchorage, Alaska Baltimore, Maryland (separate from Baltimore County, Maryland).
Governing Local Public Economies: Creating the Civic Metropolis - be assigned to local citizens, allowing the citizens to make the decisions that shape the local economy." Oakerson continues, "One of the basic governance issues is the question of who is best suited to make determinations. To make these determinations requires knowledge of individuals in the communities involved. Local citizens can best make these decisions. Citizens are the experts. Citizens are the preferred decision-makers. Most government is the result of a much different decision-making process in which rules are put into place without citizen consent." Oakerson notes, "The general problem is one of getting what you pay for and paying for what you get." Oakerson adds, "All municipalities should provide service at some mininum level." Oakerson says, "State constitutional prohibitions can preclude efforts to address local problems. State constitutional provisions can.
Green politics - family farms without limit or conditions treating waste as a resource - a commodification of something often seen as public, and thus a right-wing view investing heavily in human capital - usually a left wing position when done by the public sector, and a right wing one if the investment is via the private sector accounting reform that would probably disadvantage both labour and large investors in favor of small investors, customers, and the public at large - more of a left wing position but not considered as a key issue by most left parties an end to the War on Drugs in the United States and Europe - seen as an extreme left wing but also a Libertarian position. an end to the War on Terrorism and the curtailment of.
Family farm - family farm. On other economic matters they were seen as generally opposed, but found common ground on this one. Similar features occur in French and Canadian politics, although in the latter's case cynics say that this simply reflects the extreme power given to rural voters in the Canadian parliament (a rural Canadian Member of Parliament (MP) can represent four or five times fewer people than an MP elected from an urban riding). Many view the family farm as a political ideal. Notable movements of this sort are primitivism, survivalism, some agrarian forms of isolationism, rural secession movements and eco-anarchism. It may be easier to list those that are seen to oppose it, notably those who promote agribusiness, in many ways the opposite of family farm ideals: corporate control of land and.
Upper Peninsula of Michigan - of the area. The U.P. was not originally a part of Michigan Territory; it was given to the 30-year-old Michigan Territory in 1835 only a few years prior to statehood, as a settlement to end the Toledo War being fought between Michigan and Ohio over the city of Toledo. Before this, it had been part of Wisconsin Territory. Ohio got the city of Toledo and was considered the winner. So, not only did the Lower Peninsula of Michigan exist for 30 years without the Upper Peninsula, but the entire Upper Peninsula was considered less valuable than the city of Toledo. Today, many residents of the western half of the Upper Peninsula still associate themselves with Wisconsin, possibly because the urban areas, shopping malls and Universities in Wisconsin are a much shorter.
Early Independent Uganda - Felix Onama was the northern leader of the largely neglected West Nile District in the northwest corner of Uganda. Each of these regional political bosses and those from the other Uganda regions expected to receive a ministerial post in the new Uganda government, to exercise patronage, and to bring the material fruits of independence to local supporters. Failing these objectives, each was likely either to withdraw from the UPC coalition or realign within it. Moreover, the UPC had had no effective urban organization before independence, although it was able to mobilize the trade unions, most of which were led by non-Ugandan immigrant workers from Kenya (a situation which contributed to the independent Uganda government's almost immediate hostility toward the trade unions). No common ideology united the UPC, the composition of which.
Democracy - 1960s right-wing military dicatorships in South America, left-wing totalitarian states like the USSR until 1991. Even the form and rituals associated with elections seem to make a genuinely democratic transition of power possible with much less violence and turmoil than if democratic mechanisms are simply put in place to replace a strict dictatorship - many such countries, e.g. Revolutionary France or modern Uganda or Iran, have simply lapsed back into at best limited democracy until the political maturity and education exists to support real majority rule. Tyranny of the majority When there is a very broad and inclusive franchise, but also on some issues with only a few elite voters, majority rule often gives rise to a fear of so-called "tyranny of the majority," i.e. fear of a majority empowered to.
Algerian War of Independence - Muslims in Algeria to join in a national struggle for the "restoration of the Algerian state, sovereign, democratic, and social, within the framework of the principles of Islam." The French minister of interior, socialist François Mitterrand, responded sharply that "the only possible negotiation is war." It was the reaction of Premier Pierre Mendès-France, who only a few months before had completed the liquidation of France's empire in Indochina, that set the tone of French policy for the next five years. On November 12, he declared in the National Assembly: "One does not compromise when it comes to defending the internal peace of the nation, the unity and integrity of the Republic. The Algerian departments are part of the French Republic. They have been French for a long time, and they are.
Autonomy - church. This status is one step short of autocephaly. In politics, a self-governing city or region, e.g. Kurdistan, Kosovo or Hong Kong SAR (not necessarily as a result of formal secession), is autonomous. True autonomy is usually a pre-requisite to separation or secession, however, but autonomy does not necessarily lead to separation. Autonomy is not independence. In computing, the peripheral that can be used with the computer turned off (like multifunctionals, to copy and fax), is autonomous. See also Science and technology Multifunctional Autonomous robot Autonomous system (the Internet, and Mathematics) Autonomous building Territories and organizations Autonomous communities of Spain Autonomous region Urban autonomy Jewish Autonomous Republic Autonomous Orthodox church\n.
Binational state - power is managed carefully. Most such states have historically ended with one of a small range of outcomes: federation that delegates each nation some powers within the state, e.g. as First Nations and Quebec have within Canada. secession of one nation within the state, e.g. that of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic when Slovakia seceded. civil war leading to either secession, federation, or some new balance of power that puts one nationality firmly in charge of another, e.g. the 1990s war between the Tutsis and the Hutus of Rwanda. Language is a major issue in almost all such divergences of culture and polity. Colonization has led to many multi-national states, including the United States, Canada, Mexico and almost all of Latin America. Haiti and the Dominican Republic share the island of.
Carol Moore - ethicist and systems theorist best known for her theories of secession and her analysis of Mahatma Gandhi's methods as an "intuitive systems theorist". She is considered an influential critic of globalization; Although not widely read or followed in the protest-oriented wing of the anti-globalization movement, she is extremely influential in movements for separatism, urban secession and rural secession. Her followers prefer to focus on building a comprehensive "not quite a state" capacity for governance in smaller political units, and tend to ignore protest or treaties as strategies. "I personally don't care if people have no or a little or a lot of "state" in their small voluntary communities, as long as they don't aggress on or defraud others. But I do promote nonviolence, consensus and direct democracy, all of which would.
Charleston, South Carolina - 1737; the German Friendly Society, founded in 1766; and the Hibernian Society, founded by Irish immigrants in 1801. The Charleston Library Society was established in 1748 by some wealthy Charlestonians who wished to keep up with the scientific and philosophical issues of the day. This group also helped establish the College of Charleston in 1770, the oldest college in South Carolina and the 13th oldest in the United States. Charleston became more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized this crop's production, and it quickly became South Carolina's major export. Cotton plantations relied heavily on slave labor. Slaves were also the primary labor force within the city, working as domestics, artisans, market workers or laborers. Many black Charlestonians spoke Gullah,.
Civics - of civics. Related education in history, religion and media literacy is often included. In the United States, this is the explicit rationale for public education - to ensure the United States Constitution is upheld by citizens who must, at least, know what it is. When applied to cities and their organization, it is often difficult to distinguish civics from theories of urban planning. When applied to rural areas, it is difficult to distinguish from theories of rural development. The history of civics dates back to the earliest theories of these by Plato in ancient Greece and Confucius in ancient China. These in general have led to modern distinctions between 'West' and 'East', and two very different concepts of right and justice and ethics in public life. Of special concern are the.
Colombia - conquest. They soon established settlements that eventually grew into the provinces which where part of the Captaincy General of New Granada. As it became a Viceroyalty in 1717, some other provinces of northwestern South America came under its jurisdiction. An independence movement sprang up around 1810 that finally succeeded in 1819 when the territory of the Viceroyalty of New Granada became the Republic of Greater Colombia (Gran Colombia). Internal political and territorial divisions led to the secession of Venezuela and Quito (today's Ecuador) in 1830 and the remaining Department of Cundinamarca was renamed New Granada until 1856 when it became the Granadine Confederation until 1863 when it became the United States of Colombia until 1886 when it became the Republic of Colombia. Internal divisions remained, occasionally igniting civil war and contributing.
Self-governance - of non-profit organization and corporate governance. Generally when self-governance of nation-states is discussed, it is called national sovereignty - a concept important in international law. Self-governance of cities is urban autonomy, and the democratic governance of an ecoregion is bioregional democracy. These will not be covered in this article. This article focuses on the self-governance of professions, industries including unions, and formal or informal political units including ethnic or ethical 'nations' not defined by national borders, and of religious organizations, which have professional and political elements. There are many historical examples of such organizations or groups, and some, e.g. the Roman Catholic Church, the Freemasons, the Iroquois Confederacy, have histories going back centuries, including vast bodies of precedent and shared culture and knowledge. A means of self-governance usually comprises at least.
Politics of Slovenia - in 1991. He was elected the first President of independent Slovenia in 1992 and again in November 1997 by a comfortable margin. Janez Drnovsek of the center-left Liberal Democratic Party of Slovenia (LDS) was reelected Prime Minister in the October 15, 2000 parliamentary elections. Drnovsek's coalition holds an almost two-thirds majority in Parliament. The government, most of the Slovenian polity, shares a common view of the desirability of a close association with the West, specifically of membership in both the European Union and NATO. For all the apparent bitterness that divides left and right wings, there are few fundamental philosophical differences between them in the area of public policy. Slovenian society is built on consensus, which has converged on a social-democrat model. Political differences tend to have their roots in the.
Origins of the American Civil War - skilled radical politicians and activists), the industrializing North was committed to the ethos of free-labor industrial capitalism, and the resolution of sectional conflict - culminating with the American Civil War - was perhaps the nation's principal social revolution, a watershed in the rise of modern industrial society in the United States. By 1860, depression sharpened economic and class divides, realigning the interplay of race, class, and political ideology in a society undergoing both a sectional confrontation and an economic revolution. In other words, the realignment of cleavages and cooperation among geographical, social classes, and party affiliations in politics between the depression of 1857 and the election of 1860 led to the election of a president so objectionable to Southern slave-owing interests that it would trigger Southern secession, and consequently a war.
