Urdu language - Urdu language Indo-European - Indo-Iranian - Indo-Aryan - Central Zone - Western Hindi - Hindustani - Urdu Urdu is an Indo-European language which originated in the 13th century and is closely related to Hindi. Urdu is the state language of Pakistan, spoken by 10 million Pakistanis as mother tongue. Worldwide, about 60 million mother tongue speakers exist. Including second language speakers, 104 million people speak Urdu. The language is spoken in these countries: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Botswana, Fiji, Germany, Guyana, India (48 Million), Malawi, Mauritius (64,000), Nepal, Norway, Oman, Pakistan (10 Million), Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Africa (170,000), Thailand, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom (1 Million), United States (1 Million), Zambia. Grammatically, Urdu and Hindi are considered dialects of a single language which differ mainly in.
Indo-Iranian languages - west and some went east. Indo-Aryan languages: Sanskrit Assamese language Bengali language Gujarati language Hindi language Maithili language Marathi language Nepali language Oriya language Pali Punjabi language Romany language - the language of Gypsies Sindhi language Singhalese language Urdu Dardic languages: Dameli language Domaaki language Gawar-Bati language Kalasha language Kashmiri language Khowar language Kohistani language Ningalami language Pashayi language Phalura language Shina language Shumashti language Nuristani languages: Ashkun language Kamviri language Kati language (Bashgali) Prasuni language (Wasi-Weri) Tregami language Waigali language (Kalasha-Ala) Iranian languages: Persian language Avestan (extinct) Pahlavi - "Middle Persian" Pashto language Dari language Tajik language Ossetian language Kurdish language Balochi language Talysh language Tat language See also Language families and languages.
Indo-Aryan languages - of Indo-Aryan languages derive from Sanskrit, the language of ancient India. The earliest form of Sanskrit recorded is Vedic Sanskrit: the language used in the oldest scriptures of India, notably the Rigveda. Its character is demonstrably old, with many links to the Indo-European parent language. In the fifth century BC, Sanskrit had evolved somewhat, and the grammarian Panini codified and standardized it; this led (in about 200 BC) to what is now known as 'Classical' Sanskrit. However, although this preserved the integrity of written language for a long time, the spoken language continues to evolve, and by the sixth century AD, Sanskrit as a spoken language was rare, being by and large replaced by its descendants, the Prakrits. All the Prakrits share a common ancestry, but they are not necessarily mutually.
Indian languages - Official Languages 2 Alphabets of Indian Languages 3 Urdu Alphabet 4 Phonetic Alphabet 5 External Link Official Languages India's official language is Hindi written in the Devanagri script. It is the primary tongue of 30% of the people. While English enjoys associate status, it is widely spoken and is one of the most important languages for national, political, and commercial communication. Other official languages of India include Urdu, the official language of Pakistan, as well as Bangla or Bengali, the official language of Bangladesh. Linguists think of Hindi and Urdu as the same language, the difference being that Hindi is written in Devanagari script and draws vocabulary from Sanskrit, while Urdu is written in Arabic script and draws on Persian and Arabic. The States are free to decide their own regional.
Hindi language - Hindi language Hindi is an Indian language spoken in most states in northern and central India. It is an Indo-European language, more specifically a prakrit. Hindi became the official language of India on January 26, 1965 and is the third most spoken language in the world, after Chinese and English. About 600 million people speak, read and write Hindi, in India and abroad, and the total number of people who can understand the language exceeds 1.3 billion. In a number of countries including Fiji, Mauritius, Guyana, and Suriname Hindi is the majority language. Linguists think of Hindi and Urdu as the same language, the difference being that Hindi is written in Devanagari and draws vocabulary from Sanskrit, while Urdu is written in Arabic script and draws on.
Asian languages - in southern and western Asia, as well as Asian Russia: Indo-Iranian languages: Persian, Urdu, Hindi, Kurdish Slavic languages: Russian Semitic languages Turkic languages Tai-Kadai languages Austroasiatic languages The Altaic languages are a somewhat disputed grouping. Sometimes included are Korean and Japanese See also: East Asian language.
Balochi language - Balochi language Balochi is the principal language of Balochistan. There are several other minor languages which are spoken at the ethnic borders of united or Greater Balochistan. The speakers of minor languages (Brahui, Saraiki, Sindhi, and Dehwari-Persian) are bilingual. Persian and English were used as official languages in western Balochistan (Iran-Afghanistan), the Khanate of Balochistan, and British Balochistan. In 1947 the independent Khanate of Balochistan announced Balochi as an official and national language, a policy which was continued until March, 1948. In 1948, with the incorporation of Balochistan into Pakistan, Balochi was replaced as the official language and Urdu as the national language. The official language in the areas of Gwadar (occupied by Sultanate of Oman until 1958) was Arabic. Balochi has several dialects. Linguists agree on.
Burushaski language - Burushaski language Burushaski is a language isolate spoken by some 40-50,000 people in the Hunza and Yasin valleys in northern Pakistan. While it contains many loanwords from the surrounding languages (particularly Urdu, Khowar, and Shina), enough original vocablulary remains to set it apart from these neighbors. Attempts have been made to establish a relationship between Burushaski and Sumerian, Basque, and the Caucasian and Dravidian language families-- none of these attempts have been accepted by professional linguists. The language of the Indus valley civilization may have been related to Sumerian, Dravidian, Burushaski, Munda or Kalto, though until a decipherment of the Indus valley script, there can only be speculation. Phonology The information below was adapted from the online PDF article Burushaski: An Extraordinary Language in the Karakoram Mountains..
Punjabi language - Punjabi language Punjabi (sometimes spelled Panjabi) is the native language of the Punjab and the most common first-language in Pakistan, spoken as a first language by 30 to 40 million people. See Demographics of Pakistan for a breakdown of language groups by population. However, it is not an official language of Pakistan, and is not officially used in education; Urdu, Sindhi and English are Pakistan's official languages. It is primarily spoken, not written, and most education and official business is conducted in Urdu. This has led to much resentment from Punjabi speakers, who form the largest single first-language group in Pakistan. Modern Punjabi is a living language that has borrowed extensively from other languages, including Urdu and English. There are several different scripts used for writing the.
Languages of Muslims - Holy Qur'an to the Prophet Muhammad literally, word-for-word, in the Arabic language. Thus, Arabic is regarded as the holy language of Islam. Languages of major Muslim groups However, there is no single "Muslim language" per se, as Islam, the faith of Muslims, is shared by people of many different ethnicities and languages: Iranians speak Farsi Afghanistan has three major languages, Pashtu, Dari and also Farsi, each belonging to ethnic groups (tribes) with the same names. The most populous "Muslim country" in the world is Indonesia. The CIA World Factbook 2000 lists languages as: Bahasa Indonesia, English, Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese. Turkish people speak Turkish, a language from a very different language group than Arabic. Morocco: Besides the official Classical Arabic being used by official.
Languages in the United States - Languages in the United States Primary Language at Home (2000) English 82.105% Spanish or Spanglish 10.710% Chinese 0.771% French (incl. Patois, Cajun) 0.627% German 0.527% Tagalog 0.467% Vietnamese 0.385% Italian 0.384% Korean 0.341% Russian 0.269% Polish 0.254% Arabic 0.234% Portuguese or Portuguese Creole 0.215% Japanese 0.182% French Creole 0.173% Other Indic languages 0.167% African languages 0.160% Other Asian languages 0.152% Greek 0.139% Other Indo-European languages 0.125% Hindi 0.121% Other Pacific Island languages 0.120% Persian 0.119% Other Slavic languages 0.115% Urdu 0.100% Other West Germanic languages 0.096% Gujarati 0.090% Serbo-Croatian 0.089% Other Native North American languages 0.078% Armenian 0.077% Hebrew 0.074% Mon-Khmer, Cambodian 0.069% Yiddish 0.068% Navajo 0.068% Miao, Hmong 0.064% Scandinavian languages 0.062% Laotian 0.057% Other and unspecified languages 0.055% Thai 0.046% Hungarian 0.045% The United States federal government has.
Languages of India and Pakistan - spread by Hindi movies and the British colonial presence respectively. Hindi movies often intersperse Hindi dialogue with English phrases or whole sentences in English. India Hindi, in the Devanagari script, is the only official federal language of India. Individual states and territories have adopted 14 other co-official languages. These are the Dravidian languages of Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, and Telugu, and the Indo-Aryan languages of Bengali, Marathi, Urdu, Gujarati, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi and Sanskrit. Many other languages belonging to both groups are spoken as well. English, though only an associate language, is still widely in use in law and government, in particular in the higher echelons. See Demographics of India for a numerical breakdown of language groups. See also: Indian languages Pakistan Urdu, Sindhi and English are the official languages.
List of languages - languages is alphabetical by English name. For a more structured list, see Language families and languages, ISO 639 or List of languages by total speakers. Ethnologue lists about 6,800 main languages in its language name index (see the external link) and distinguishs about 41,000 alternate language names and dialects. This is a list of natural and constructed languages spoken by humans. See also a list of programming languages. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Afrikaans Ainu Albanian Aleut Algonquin Amhara Amharic Anglo-Saxon Apache A-Pucikwar Arabic / عربية (Semitic) Aragonese Aramaic Arawak Armenian Assamese Assyrian Asturian Avestan Azerbaijani B Balochi Bambara Bavarian Basque Belarusian (Slavic) Bemba Berber Bété Biafran Bihari Blackfoot.
List of official languages - Dari: Afghanistan (with Pashtu) Dutch: Belgium (with French and German) The Netherlands Suriname Dzongkha: Bhutan English: Australia Bahamas Botswana (but the national language is Setswana) Canada (federally, with French) New Brunswick (with French) Nunavut (with French, Inuktitut, and Inuvialuktun) Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Cree, Dogrib, French, Gwich'in, Inuktitut, and Slavey) Yukon (with French) Cyprus (with Turkish and Greek (Hellenic)) Fiji (but the national language is Fijian) part of the People's Republic of China Hong Kong (with Chinese) India (Hindi) Kenya (with Kiswahili) Kiribati Nigeria Pakistan Papua New Guinea (with Tok Pisin and Motu) Republic of Ireland (but secondary to Irish) South Africa (with Afrikaans, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu) New Zealand (an official language by custom; the other by law is Māori) Singapore (with Malay, Tamil.
List of languages by total speakers - vary somewhat depending upon the definition given to certain terms. In particular, the exact difference between "dialect" and "language" is often important. An example of where this can have an impact is the case of Arabic, which can be considered either a single language or a group of related languages. Ethnologue, the source of this table, considers it to be multiple languages, and it is therefore not listed here. If one chose to count it as a single language, however, it would appear in the top ten. Mandarin Chinese, 890 million Spanish, 330 million English, 320 million Bengali, 190 million Hindi, 180 million Portuguese, 170 million Russian, 170 million Japanese, 125 million German 100 million Wu Chinese 77 million Javanese 75 million Korean 75 million French 72 million Vietnamese 68 million.
List of national languages of India - are languages that can be officially adopted by different states for administrative purposes, and also as a medium of communication between the national and the state governments, as also for examinations conducted for national government service. As drafted, English ceased to exist as an official language (on par with Hindi) in 1965, after which it was intended to continue as an "associate additional official language" until such time that a duly appointed committee can decide on a full-scale transition to Hindi, based on a periodic review. However, due to resentment and protests in certain non-Hindi speaking states, the "twin language" system is still in vogue. Due to rapid industrialization, and a bustling multinational influence in the economy, English continues to be a popular and influential means of communication in the government.
Kashmiri literature - of Kashmir Shaivism arose. Its great masters include Vasugupta (c. 800), Utpala (c. 925), Abhinavagupta and Kshemaraja. In the theory of aesthetics one can list the Anandavardhana and Abhinavagupta. The use of the Kashmiri language began with the poet Lalleshvari (14th century),who wrote mystical verses. Later, came Habba Khatun (16th century) with her lol style. Other major names are Rupa Bhavani (1621-1721), Arnimal (d. 1800), Mahmud Gami (1765-1855), Rasul Mir (d. 1870), Paramananda (1791-1864), Ghulam Ahmad Mahjur (1885-1952), Abdul Ahad Azad (1903-1948), and Zinda Kaul (1884-1965). In contemporary times, Hindi, Urdu, and English have become the languages of literary expression. Amongst these authors are Shaikh Abdullah and Ram Nath Kak who have written autobiography. Other authors of Kashmiri ancestry include Salman Rushdie and M.J. Akbar..
Khaki - light brown fabric, or the color of such fabric. The name comes from the Urdu language khak meaning earth-colored or dust colored. The original khaki fabric is a closely twilled cloth of linen or cotton. Brigadier Sir Harry Burnett Lumsden began the use of Khaki for British Army regiments serving under him in India in 1848. All British troops in India adopted khaki in 1885. The Boers used khaki clothing as camouflage in the first Boer War; in the second Boer War the British did as well. The United States of America's Army adoped khaki during the Spanish American War. It continues to be used by militaries, but has also spread to civilian clothing..
Interword separation - shapes, depending upon whether they are at the beginning, middle, or end of a word. Additionally, characters can have yet another shape when they stand alone, as headings in an index. The Nastaliq version of the Arabic script also uses vertical space to separate words. The beginning of each word is written high up above the baseline, while the end of the word is low, near the baseline. (The line of text ends up looking a little bit like the teeth of a saw.) While Nastaliq script is sometimes used to write Arabic, it's more often used for Farsi, Uyghur, Pushtu, and Urdu. Rediscovery of spaces in Latin The Irish appear to have been the first to consistently use blank spaces to delimit word boundaries in the Latin alphabet, somewhere around.
ISO 639 - an international standard which lists short codes for language names. See also SIL code. From the ISO official website there are two items for ISO 639: ISO 639-1:2002 Codes for the representation of names of languages -- Part 1: Alpha-2 code ISO 639-2:1998 Codes for the representation of names of languages -- Part 2: Alpha-3 code In other words, there are two-letter codes and three-letter codes. 22 of the languages have two three-letter codes. In these cases, the first code is bibliographic (ISO 639-1/B), and the second code is for terminological use (ISO 639-2/T). See also: language families and languages, list of languages, list of official languages The following list is sorted by language name in the third column. A B C D E F G H I J K L.
