Urtext edition - Urtext edition An urtext edition of a work of classical music is a printed version intended to reproduce the original intention of the composer as exactly as possible, without any added or changed material. Other kinds of editions distinct from urtext are facsimile and interpretive editions, discussed below. The word "urtext" is of German origin; "ur-" (pronounced "oor") means "original". Occasionally the word "urtext" is capitalized, following German spelling practice. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Preparing urtext editions 2 Types of editions 3 The value of urtext editions 4 Book 5 Links Preparing urtext editions The sources for an urtext edition include the autograph (that is, the manuscript produced in the composer's hand), hand copies made by the composer's students and assistants, the first published edition,.
Universal Edition - Universal Edition Universal Edition (UE) are a classical music publishing firm. Founded in 1901 in Vienna, and originally intended to provide the core classical works and educational works to the Austrian market (which had until then been dominated by Leipzig-based publishers), the firm soon expanded to become one of the most important publishers of modern music. In 1904, UE acquired Aibl publishers, and so acquired the rights to many works by Richard Strauss and Max Reger, but it was the arrival of Emil Hertzka as managing director in 1907 (who remained until his death in 1932) which really pushed the firm towards new music. Under Hertzka, UE signed contracts with a number of important contemporary composers, including Béla Bartók and Frederick Delius in 1908; Gustav Mahler and.
Social history of the piano - ordinary people. For instance, the working people of every nation generated a body of folk music, which was transmitted orally down through the generations and sung by all. The parents of Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) could not read music, yet Haydn's father (who worked as a wheelwright) taught himself to play the harp, and the Haydn family frequently played and sang together. With rising prosperity, the many families that could now afford pianos and music adapted their home-grown musical abilities to the new instrument, and the piano become a major source of music in the home. Amateur pianists in the home often kept track of the doings of the leading pianists and composers of their day. Professional virtuosi wrote books and methods for the study of piano playing, which sold widely. The.
Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition - Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition or J2EE is a Standard for developing distributed Multi-tier architecture applications, based on modular components. The standard uses several technologies, including JDBC and CORBA, and extends their functionality with Enterprise Java Beans, Java Servlets, Java Server Pages and XML technologies. This allows the developer to create an Enterprise Application that is portable between platforms and scalable, while integrating with several legacy technologies. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 General APIs 1.1 javax.ejb.* 1.2 javax.servlet 1.3 javax.servlet.jsp 1.4 javax.naming 1.5 java.sql, javax.sql 1.6 java.transaction.* 1.7 javax.xml.* 1.8 javax.jms.* 2 Low cost development 3.
Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition - Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition or J2ME is a collection of Java APIss targeting embedded consumer products such as PDAss, cell phones and other consumer appliances. J2ME has become a popular option for creating cell-phone games as they can be emulated on a PC during the development stage and automatically uploaded to the cell-phone. This contrasts with the difficulty of developing, testing, loading games for other special gaming platforms such as those made by Nintendo, Sony and others as special and expensive hardware and kits are required. Some cell-phone makers also extend the J2ME platform to provide more robust effects such as 3D grpahics and audio which lacks a specification in the current J2ME APIs. Configurations And Profiles J2ME devices implement a Profile, the.
Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition - Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition or J2SE is a collection of java Application Programming Interfaces targeting Java platform applications running on a workstation. General APIs java.io Routines for normal input and output. This includes streams and filehandling. java.lang Contains classes thought applicable to most java programs. This package contains standard java types like Integers and Strings as well as basic exceptions, math functions, threading, security functions, as well as some information on the underlying native system. Classes in java.lang package are always available to the programmer, without needing a special import declaration at the beginning of a sourcecode file. java.lang.ref Special routines for interacting with the garbage collector. For example, one can create a weak reference, which allows one to refer to an object,.
Karl Krumbacher - death. His greatest work is his Geschichte der byzantinischen Literatur von Justinian bis zum Ende des Ostroemischen Reiches (from Justinian to the fall of the Eastern Empire, 1453), a second edition of which was published in 1897, with the collaboration of A. Ehrhard (section on theology) and H Gelzer (general sketch of Byzantine history, AD 395-1453). The value of the work is greatly enhanced by the elaborate bibliographies contained in the body of the work and in a special supplement. Krumbacher also founded the Byzantinische Zeitschrift (1892) and the Byzantinisches Archiv (1898). He travelled extensively and the results of a journey to Greece appeared in his Griechische Reise (1886). Other works by him are: Casio (1897), a treatise on a 9th century Byzantine poetess, with the fragments; Michael Glykas (1894); Die.
Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Schlegel - August Wilhelm as the critical leaders of the Romantic school, which derived from them most of its governing ideas as to the characteristics of the middle ages, and as to the methods of literary expression. Of the two brothers, Friedrich was unquestionably the more original genius. He was the real founder of the Romantic school; to him more than to any other member of the school we owe the revolutionizing and germinating ideas which influenced so profoundly the development of German literature at the beginning of the 19th century. Friedrich Schlegel's wife, Dorothea, was the author of an unfinished romance, Florentin (180,), a Sammlung romantischer Dichtungen des Mittelalters (2 vols., 1804), a version of Lother und Maller (1805), and a translation of Madame de Staël's Corinne (1807-1808)--all of which were issued.
Karl Wilhelm Dindorf - earliest years he showed a strong taste for classical studies, and after completing F Invernizi's edition of Aristophanes at an early age, and editing several grammarians and rhetoricians, was in 1828 appointed extraordinary professor of literary history in his native city. Disappointed at not obtaining the ordinary professorship when it became vacant in 1833, he resigned his post in the same year, and devoted himself entirely to study and literary work. His attention had at first been chiefly given to Athenaeus, whom he edited in 1827, and to the Greek dramatists, all of whom he edited separately and combined in his Poetae scenici Graeci (1830 and later editions). He also wrote a work on the metres of the Greek dramatic poets, and compiled special lexicons to Aeschylus and Sophocles. He edited.
Karl Otfried Müller - and CA Lobeck, prepared the way for the scientific investigation of myths; while the study of ancient art was promoted by his Handbuch der Archäologie der Kunst (1830; Eng. trans., J Leitch, 1847), and Denkmäler der alten Kunst (1832), which he wrote in association with C Osterley. In 1840 appeared in England his History of the literature of Ancient Greece; the original German work from which it had been translated being issued in Germany in 1841 (4th ed. by E Heitz, 1882). Chapters i.-xxii. were translated by Sir George Cornewall Lewis; chapters xxiii.-xxxvi. by JW Donaldson, who carried the work down to the taking of Constantinople by the Turks. It remained one of the best books on the subject for many years. Müller also published an admirable translation of the Eumenides.
Karl Felix Halm - editor of Cicero and other Latin prose authors that Halm is known, although in early years he also devoted considerable attention to Greek. After the death of JC Orelli, he joined JG Baiter in the preparation of a revised critical edition of the rhetorical and philosophical writings of Cicero (1854-1862). His school editions of some of the speeches of Cicero in the Haupt and Sauppe series, with notes and introductions, were very successful. He also edited a number of classical texts for the Teubner series, the most important of which are Tacitus (4th ed., 1883); Rhetores Latini minores (1863); Quintilian (1868); Sulpicius Severus (1866); Minucius Felix together with Firmicus Maternus De errore (1867); Salvianus (1877) and Victor Vitensis's Historia persecutionis Africanae provinciae (1878). He was also an enthusiastic collector of autographs..
Karl Lachmann - Friedrichswerder gymnasium at Berlin, and a Privatdozent at the university. The same summer he became one of the principal masters in the Friedrichs-Gymnasium of Königsberg, where he assisted his colleague, the Germanist Friedrich Karl Köpke (1785-1865) with his edition of Rudolf von Ems' Barlaam und Josaphat (1818), and also assisted his friend in a contemplated edition of the works of Walther von der Vogelweide. In January 1818 he became professor extraordinarius of classical philology in the university of Königsberg, and at the same time began to lecture on Old German grammar and the Middle High German poets. He devoted himself during the following seven years to an extraordinarily minute study of those subjects, and in 1824 obtained leave of absence in order that he might search the libraries of middle and.
Karl Friedrich Hermann - classical learning was profound, but he was chiefly distinguished for his works on Greek antiquities and ancient philosophy. Among these may be mentioned the Lehrbuch der griechischen Antiquitaten (new ed., 1889) dealing with political, religious and domestic antiquities; the Geschichte und System der Platonischen Philosophie (1839), unfinished; an edition of the Platonic Dialogues (6 vols., 1851-1853); and Culturgeschichte der Griechen und Römer (1857-1858), published after his death by CG Schmidt. He also edited the text of Juvenal and Persius (1854) and Lucian's De conscribenda historia (1828). A collection of Abhandlungen und Beitrage appeared in 1849. See M Lechner, Zur Erinnerung an K. F. Hermann (1864), and article by C HaIm in Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, xii. (1880). This entry was originally from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica..
Kant and the Platypus: Essays on Language and Cognition - : Essays on Language and Cognition is a book by Umberto Eco which was published in Italian in 1997. An English edition, translated by Alastair McEwen, appeared in 1999. The book develops some aspects of Eco's A Theory of Semiotics which came out in 1976. In the first chapter Eco develops Nietzsche's argument that the truth is a poetically elaborated "mobile army of metaphors, metonymies and anthropomorphisms" that subsequently gel into knowledge, "illusions whose illusory nature has been forgotten", as the metaphors are reduced to schemata and concepts. In chapter two, working with ideas derived from Charles Peirce and Immanuel Kant, Eco compares linguistic and perceptual meaning when confronted with the unencountered. Chapter three explores the Aztec encounter with the horse in terms of Cognitive Type, the private mechanism which allows.
Katharine Kerr - fictional land of Deverry. Deverry Novels Daggerspell Darkspell (later reissued in an "author's definitive edition") The Bristling Wood (US title; issued in England as Dawnspell: The Bristling Wood) The Dragon Revenant (US title; issued in England as Dragonspell: The Southern Sea) A Time of Exile A Time of Omens Days of Blood and Fire (US title; issued in England as A Time of War) Days of Air and Darkness (US title; issued in England as A Time of Justice) The Black Raven The Red Wyvern The Fire Dragon Science Fiction Resurrection Freeze Frames Polar City Blues Polar City Nightmare (with Kate Daniel) Snare.
Kara-Tur - Marcela-Froideval detailed in 1985's Oriental Adventures for the First Edition Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Versions 2 Modules 3 Books 4 External Links Versions Originally a stand alone campaign setting, by 1988 TSR had combined it with the Forgotten Realms campaign setting. In that year they released a boxed set with 2 books detailing the campaign setting & maps. In 1989 they did a printing of Trail Maps for Kara-Tur. In 1990 the maps were again included in the Forgotten Realms Atlas. Later that year they gave the monsters for Kara-Tur a proper treatment for Second Edition Dungeons & Dragons in the Monsterous Compendium series. After 1990 Kara-Tur was a mostly discarded campaign setting. With only a few mentions in cross-over products such as Spelljammer &.
Karl Josef von Hefele - enthroned bishop of Rottenburg. His literary activity, which had been considerable, was in no way diminished by his elevation to the episcopate. Among his numerous theological works may be mentioned his well-known edition of the Apostolic Fathers, issued in 1839; his Life of Cardinal Ximenes, published in 1844 (Eng. trans., 1860); and his still more celebrated History of the Councils of the Church, in seven volumes, which appeared between 1855 and 1874 (Eng. trans., 1871, 1882). Hefele's theological opinions inclined towards the more liberal school in the Roman Catholic Church, but he nevertheless received considerable signs of favour from its authorities, and was a member of the commission that made preparations for the Vatican Council of 1870. On the eve of that council he published at Naples his Causa Honorii Papae,.
Karl Joseph Simrock - his republications the most popular and the most valuable were the Deutschen Volksbücher, of which fifty-five were printed between 1839 and 1867. His best contribution to scholarship was his Handbuch der deutschen Mythologie (1853-1855). At an early stage of his career Simrock took a high place among students of Shakespeare by his Quellen des Shakespeare in Novellen, Märchen und Sagen (1831); and afterwards he translated Shakespeare's poems and a considerable number of his dramas. The large number of editions through which Simrock's translations from the Middle High German have passed (the Nibelungenlied more than forty) bear witness to their popularity. An edition of his Ausgewählte Werke in 12 vols. has been published by G Klee (1907). See N Hocker, Karl Simrock, sein Leben und seine Werke (1877); H Düntzer, "Erinnerungen an.
Karen Wynn Fonstad - others) Atlas of the Dragonlance World (1987, ISBN 0880384484) Forgotten Realms, published by TSR The Forgotten Realms Atlas (1990, ISBN 0880388579) Middle-earth, basis for The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien The Atlas of Middle-earth (Revised Edition) (2001, ISBN 0618126996) Several of them are available in translated form. This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it..
Kaffe - the Java virtual machine. It comes with a subset of the Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition Java API and tools needed to provide a Java runtime environment. Kaffe is a lean, fast and portable virtual machine. It is a small VM, when compared to the original JVM, so it appeals to embedded system developers. It comes with just-in-time compilers for many of the CPU architectures it has been ported to, more than 70 system platforms in total. It runs on devices ranging from embedded SuperH devices to zSeries mainframes. It even runs on PlayStation2. Kaffe is free software. It is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). It is being developed by a world-wide team of hackers. Beside the mailing list, the developers can often be reached.
