Vitamin C - Vitamin C Vitamin C, the L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin used by the body for several purposes. Most animals can synthesize their own ascorbic acid, but some animals, including primates, guinea pigs and humans, cannot. Vitamin C was first isolated in 1928, and in 1932 it was proved to be the agent which prevents scurvy. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Discovery and History 2 Sources 2.1 Plant sources 2.2 Animal sources 2.3 Artificial chemical synthesis 3 Functions of Vitamin C in the body 4 Vitamin C Deficiency 5 Daily requirement 6 Therapeutic uses 7 Vitamin C advocacy 8 References 9 External Links Discovery and History The need to include fresh plant food in the diet to prevent disease was known from ancient times..
Vitamin - Vitamin A vitamin is an organic compound that cannot be synthesized (at all; or in quantities that meet all needs) by a given organism and must be taken (in trace quantities) with food for that organism's continued good health. The name was invented by the Polish biochemist Kazimierz Funk in 1912. Vita in Latin is life and the -amin suffix is short for amine; at the time it was thought that all vitamins were amines. This is now known to be incorrect, but the name stuck. The term vitamin is not used for inorganic trace nutritional requirements (these are dietary minerals) or for essential fatty acids or for essential amino acids. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Introduction 2 Vitamin deficiency diseases 3 Is vitamin D a.
Vitamin K - Vitamin K Vitamin K is a group of 2-methilo-naphthoquinone derivatives. It is a human vitamin, lipophilic (i.e. soluble in lipids) and therefore hydrophobic (i.e. insoluble in water). It is needed in the synthesis of proteins required for blood coagulation. Normally it is produced by bacteria in the intestines, and dietary deficiency is extremely rare unless the intestines are heavily damaged. Vitamin K is involved in the formation of calcium-binding groups in proteins. These calcium-binding groups are called Gla-residues, and the proteins containing these residues are designated as Gla-proteins. The Gla-residues are essential for the biological activity of all Gla-proteins. At this time fewer than 12 human Gla-proteins have been discovered, and they play key roles in the regulation of three physiological processes: blood coagulation, bone metabolism,.
Vitamin D - Vitamin D Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream. Often known as calciferol. Forms of Vitamin D: Vitamin D2: ergocalciferol (made from ergosterol) Vitamin D3: cholecalciferol (made from 7-dehydrocholesterol) Vitamin D, sunlight and skin color There are two forms of the vitamin. Vitamin D2 is derived from ergosterol in the diet, whereas vitamin D3 is derived from cholesterol via 7-dehydrocholesterol. Ultraviolet light (from sunlight) is responsible for the production of both forms of the vitamin. However, in certain parts of the world with limited sunlight (e.g. the British Isles) there is the possibility that the quantity of vitamin D is not always sufficient. To prevent this possibility milk is now fortified.
Avitaminosis - any disease caused by chronic or long-term vitamin deficiency or caused by a defect in metabolic conversion, such as tryptophan to niacin. They are designated by the same letter as the vitamin. Avitaminoses include avitaminosis A, xerophthalmia or night blindness thiamin deficiency causes beriberi niacin deficiency causes pellagra avitaminosis C, scurvy vitamin D deficiency causes rickets Conversely hypervitaminosis is the syndrome of symptoms caused by over-retention of fat-soluble vitamins in the system..
Vegetarianism - animal rights movement, although not all ethical vegetarians subscribe to the notion of animal rights. Environmental or ecological concerns: Particularly since the Industrial Revolution, machinery has enabled people to change their environment at a rate that, some argue, exceeds the ability of ecosystems to adapt. The use of large areas of land for livestock farming, and large-scale fishing in the oceans, have fundamentally affected animal and marine populations. Livestock production is also often linked to de-forestation and theft of the land from indigenous tribal people. In both environmental and economic terms, many vegetarians argue that the "cost" of raising a kilogram of animal protein is many times the "cost" of growing a kilogram of vegetable protein. Health: Statistics indicate that people on vegetarian diets have lower incidence of heart disease, cancer.
Ketamine - going on in its usefulness in pain therapy and for the treatment of alcoholism and heroin addiction. Ketamine is a Schedule III drug in the United States, and is used in many other countries, such as Mexico. Patients sometimes reported going into other worlds or seeing god while anesthetized: these unwanted psychological side-effects made ketamine less used. Psychopharmacologically it is a non-competitive glutamate inhibitor at the NMDA receptors. These occur mainly in the hippocampal formation and in the prefrontal cortex, which explains its profound effects on memory and thought. When used recreationally, it is known as K, Ket, Special K, or Vitamin K (not to be confused with Vitamin K). Ketamine produces effects similar to PCP, and DXM. Like other disassociative anesthetics in low to upper middle dosages, its hallucinogenic effects.
Kerguelen cabbage - As a result, the Kerguelen cabbage is self-pollinating (flying insects die very quickly). The plant is edible, containing high levels of potassium. Its leaves contain a Vitamin C-rich oil, a fact which, in the days of sailing ships, made it very attractive to British sailors suffering from scurvy..
Kidney - the pH, serum osmolality and blood pressure (and secondarily, the volume of the blood). The wastes are concentrated to form urine which is passed on to the bladder via the ureters. The kidney also serves an endocrine function by secreting erythropoietin, a hormone that regulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow. Other hormones produced by the kidneys are renin, active form of vitamin D - 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) and prostaglandins. Basic anatomy In humans the kidneys are the two organs that are located in the posterior part of the abdomen, on either side of the spine just below the liver and spleen on the right and left sides of the body respectively. Superior to each kidney is an adrenal gland (also called the suprarenal gland). Kidneys viewed from behind with.
Kiwifruit - dull-brown skin that is not usually consumed. Inside, the flesh is bright green with rows of small, black, edible seeds. The texture of the fruit is soft and the flavour is sometimes described as a mix of strawberry, banana and pineapple. Kiwifruit is a rich source of vitamin C. Its potassium content by weight is slightly less than that of a banana. It also contains vitamins A and E, calcium, iron and folic acid. The kiwifruit and other species of actinidia are native to south-east China, where it grows wild and is known as: Macaco monkey peach (猕猴桃 Mi2 hou2 tao2): the most common name Unusual fruit or wonder fruit (奇異果 qi2 yi4 guo3): the most common name in Taiwan and Hong Kong (奇异果 kay yee goh). A quasi-transliteration of "kiwifruit"..
Kraftwerk/Tour de France Soundtracks - 3. Tour de France Étape 2 (Continued) 4. Tour de France Étape 3 (Continued) 5. Chrono 6. Vitamin 7. Aéro Dynamik 8. Titanium 9. Elektro Kardiogramm 10. La Forme 11. Regénération 12. Tour de France.
Joey Skaggs - the benefit of ABC news crew. Trick annoyed ASPCA and the Bureau of Animal Affairs until Skaggs revealed the truth after a subpoena. ABC did not detract the story and received an Emmy Award from it. Celebrity Sperm Bank (1976): Skaggs organized a sperm bank auction in New York. But the sperm bank had been robbed and semen supposedly taken as hostage. Wall Street Shoeshine (1979): Slaggs became Joseph Bucks, a shoeshine that had became rich in Wall Street and was working for the last day – a $5 a shine. Metamorphosis (1981): Skaggs played Dr Gregor, an inventor of Cockroach Vitamin Pill which was supposed to be a cure-all drug. It was a nod to Franz Kafka’s story Metamorphosis. Gypsies Against Stereotypical Propaganda (1982): Gypsy King JoJo (Skaggs) led a.
Ileum - is about 4m long in humans, follows the jejunum and is separated from the cecum by the iliocecal valve ( abbreviated as ICV). Its function is to absorb vitamin B12 and bile salts. In the fetus the ileum is connected to the navel by a duct. In some humans this duct fails to close after birth and causes a condition called Meckel's diverticulum..
Inorganic chemistry - optics. Inorganic chemistry often overlaps with mineralogy, geochemistry,analytical chemistry, environmental chemistry, physical chemistry, and organometallic chemistry. Organometallic chemistry combines aspects of organic chemistry with inorganic chemistry, and is defined as the study of organic compounds containing metal-carbon bonds. Vitamin B12, whose active site is similar to that of hemoglobin, is a naturally-occurring, metabolically-important organometallic compound containing a large organic components (corrin and protein), a metal (cobalt), a bond between the metal and the carbon of a methyl group. Despite the presence of metal ions or metal-carbon bonds, gold cyanide, calcium carbonate, and nickel tetracarbonyl (to name just a few such) are inorganic, rather than organometallic, compounds, although some chemists consider metal carbonyls to be organometallic. Adding to the confusion, the oxides of carbon, carbonate salts, and materials containing carbon like steel.
Infant formula - still nutritionally inadequate. Most of the world's supply of infant formula is produced in the United States. The nutrient content is regulated by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) based on recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. The following must be included in all formulas produced in the U.S.: protein fat linoleic acid vitamin A vitamin D vitamin E vitamin K thiamin (vitamin B1) riboflavin (vitamin B2) vitamin B6 vitamin B12 niacin folic acid pantothenic acid vitamin C calcium phosphorus magnesium iron zinc manganese copper iodine sodium potassium chloride In addition, formulas not made with cow's milk must include biotin, choline and inositol. Infant formula is available in powder, liquid concentrate and ready-to-feed forms, which are prepared in small batches and fed to the infant with.
Intrinsic factor - glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12. Problems with intrinsic factor function can cause pernicious anaemia. This article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by fixing it..
Isoprene - (for example, the carotenes are tetraterpenes) are derived from isoprene, as is Coenzyme Q. Also derived from isoprene are phytol, retinol (vitamin A) , tocopherol (vitamin E), dolichols, and squalene. Heme A has an isoprenoid tail, and lanosterol, the sterol precursor in animals, is derived from squalene and hence from isoprene. The functional isoprene units in biological systems are dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) and its isomer isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), which are used in the biosynthesis of terpenes and lanosterol derivatives..
Isotretinoin - Isotretinoin Isotretinoin is a Vitamin A derivate used for the treatment of severe acne. It is sold by Roche and goes under the trade names Accutane and Roaccutane. It causes foetal malformations and gravidity is strictly forbidden while taking the drug. Isotretinoin works by reducing the sebacious gland activity amd a histiologically demonstrated reduction of the size of the sebacious glands. The effect is dose and time related..
It's It - Mix "Birthday" (06:42) Tommy D Mix "Coldsweat" (04:12) DB/BP Mix "Vitamin" (03:54) E Mix.
Henrik Carl Peter Dam - died in Copenhagen. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1943 for his work in discovering vitamin K and its role in human physiology..
