Indo-European languages - people, including most of the major language families of Europe and western Asia, which belong to a single superfamily. The hypothesis that this was so was first proposed by Sir William Jones, who noticed similarities between four of the oldest languages known in his time, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit and Persian. Systematic comparison of these and other old languages conducted by Franz Bopp supported this theory. In the 19th century, scholars used to call the group "Indo-Germanic languages". However when it became apparent that the connection is relevant to most of Europe's languages, the name was expanded to Indo-European. An example of this was the strong similarity discovered between Sanskrit and olden spoken dialects of Lithuanian. The common ancestral (reconstructed) language is called Proto-Indo-European (PIE). There is disagreement as to the.
Victory in Europe Day - Victory in Europe Day Victory in Europe Day (VE Day) was May 8, 1945, the date when the Allies during the Second World War formally celebrated the defeat of Nazi Germany and the end of Adolf Hitler's Reich. On that date, massive celebrations took place, notably in London, where over a million people celebrated in a carnival atmosphere the end of the European war, though rationing of food and clothing was to continue for a number of years. In London crowds massed in particular in Trafalgar Square and up the Mall to Buckingham Palace, where King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, accompanied by the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, appeared on the balcony of the Palace to cheering crowds. (Princess Elizabeth (the future Queen Elizabeth II) and her.
History of Europe - History of Europe For links to the history of individual countries in Europe see the end of this article. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The origins 2 The Greeks 3 Rome 4 Early Middle Ages 5 Later Middle Ages 6 Renaissance and Reformation 7 Colonial expansion 8 The 16th, 17th and 18th century 9 The French Revolution and Napoleon 10 The 19th century 11 Early 20th century: the World Wars 12 Late 20th century: the Cold War 13 Early 21st century: the European Union 14 Histories of present-day territories The origins Neanderthals settled Europe long before the emergence of modern humans, Homo sapiens. The earliest appearance of modern people in Europe has been dated to 35,000 B.C. Evidence of permanent settlement dates from 7,000 B.C The first.
Karl May - books, never getting west of Buffalo, New York. His very influential fictional accounts of the Western milieu have no direct basis in experience, but in his ingenious use of creativity, imagination and source literature (travel books, anthropological guides etc.). He wrote under many different pen names, including Capitain Ramon Diaz de la Escosura, M. Gisela, Hobble-Frank, Karl Hohenthal, D. Jam, Prinz Muhamel Lautréamont, Ernst von Linden, P. van der Löwen, Emma Pollmer, Richard Plöhn, and Oberlehrer Franz Langer. May invented the characters of Winnetou, the wise Indian, and Old Shatterhand, Winnetou's white partner. His works were immensely successful in Europe, translated into 33 different languages and selling over 200 million copies, yet he is virtually unknown in the English-speaking world - though this is slowly beginning to change. Several of his.
Karl Heinrich Ulrichs - activist, was born in Westerfeld, in north-western Germany. He graduated in law and theology from Göttingen University in 1846 . From 1846 to 1848, he studied history at Berlin University, writing a dissertation (in Latin) on the Peace of Westphalia. From 1849 to 1857 Ulrichs worked as an official legal adviser for the district court of Hildesheim in the Kingdom of Hanover. He was dismissed in 1859 when his homosexuality became apparent. In 1862, Ulrichs took the momentous step of telling his family and friends that he was, in his own word, a Uranian. He also wrote a statement of legal and moral support for a man arrested for homosexual offences. This was the first public "coming out" and the first recorded incident of gay rights activism. The idea of gay.
Kefallinia - E, and 38.2 and 38.3 or 38' 12 and 38'18 N. The Island is named after Cephalus, some think its an island with a head, because the island's name and Cephalus comes from the Greek word for "head". Geography Its capital of the prefecture is Argostoli. The population has almost reached 45,000. It used to be the fastest growing part of Greece with a growth rate of 35% to 40% in 10 years, reaching 30,000 in the 1990s. The size of the island is around 800 km² (300 sq miles), and the present population density is 55 people per km² (140 per sq mile). Argostoli is home to one-third of the island's habitants. Lixouri is the second major city. The two cities account for almost two-thirds of the prefecture's population. In.
Khazars - world. They founded the independent Khazar kingdom in the 7th century C.E. in the southeastern part of today's Europe, near the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus. In addition to western Kazakhstan, the Khazar kingdom also included territory in what is now eastern Ukraine, southern Russia, and Crimea. The name 'Khazar' itself seems to be tied to a Turkic verb meaning "wandering." Khazar history is intimately tied with that of the Gokturk empire, founded when the Asena clan overthrew the Juan Juan in AD 552. With the collapse of the Gokturk empire/tribal confederation due to internal conflict in the seventh century, the western half of the Turk empire itself split into two confederations, the Bulgars, led by the Dulo clan, and the Khazars, led by the Asena clan, the traditional rulers of.
Kingdom of Jerusalem - own autonomous trading quarters. Baldwin died without heirs in 1118, and was succeeded by his cousin, Baldwin of Le Bourg, the Count of Edessa. Baldwin II was also an able ruler, and though he was imprisoned by the Turks several times throughout his reign, the boundaries of the Kingdom continued to expand, with the city of Tyre captured in 1124. Life in the Kingdom As new generations grew up in the kingdom, they began to think of themselves as "oriental," rather than European. They often learned to speek Greek, Arabic, and other eastern languages, and married Greeks or Armenians (and, rarely, Muslims). The kingdom was essentially based on the feudal system of contemporary western Europe, but with many important differences. First of all, the kingdom was situated within a relatively small.
Kievan Rus' - Early History of Kievan Rus' According to the Primary Chronicle, the earliest chronicle of Kievan Rus', a Varangian (Viking) named Rurik first established himself in Novgorod (according to the chronicle, he was selected as common ruler by several slavic tribes), just south of modern-day St. Petersburg, in about 860 before moving south and extending his authority to Kiev. The chronicle cites the Scandinavian Rurik as the progenitor of a dynasty that ruled in Eastern Europe until 1598. Another Varagnian, Oleg (Helgi), who was a close relative of Rurik, moved south from Novgorod to expel the Khazars from Kiev and founded Kievan Rus' about 880. During the next thirty-five years, "Oleg" and his Viking and Slavic, warriors subdued the various Eastern Slavic tribes. In 907, he led an attack against Constantinople, and.
Killer ants - Velvet ants really are wasps, Mutillidae) Reference Velvet Ants: Cow killers (Dasymutilla occidentalis) Eastern USA A fanciful name; they cannot kill animals as large as cows. Velvet Ants: Red velvet ants (Dasymusilla magnifica) Western USA Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) Argentina, Southern Europe, Southern USA, California Very small, attack mostly other ants. The main supercolony (Italy, Atlantic coast of Spain) is said to be the largest cooperating ant population in the World. Pharaoh ants (Monomorium pharaonis) Worldwide In February 2000, an invasion of Pharaoh ants terrorized office workers in Berlin, Germany. Red harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex barbatus) Western USA Bright red myrmicine ants whose venom has the highest relative azoicity of any ants species. Images Bulldog ants (Soldier ants, Genus Myrmecia) Australia They are said to be repelled by yellow objects. Belonging.
Killdeer - quite far from water. They nest on the ground in an open area with a clear line of sight. They are migratory in northern areas and winter as far south as northern South America. They are rare vagrants to western Europe, usually late in the year. These birds forage for food in fields, usually by sight. They mainly eat insects. Their name comes from their call, frequently heard. These birds will frequently use the "broken wing act" to distract predators from their nests. Their ability to exploit a wide range of semi-urban habitat has helped keep them common and widespread in their range. Killdeer is also a city in North Dakota..
Kilij Arslan I - Peter the Hermit and Walter the Penniless arrived at Nicaea. His army easily defeated the mob. About 20 000 Crusaders were killed and the rest were sold into slavery. Because of this easy victory he did not consider the main Crusader army, led by various nobles of western Europe, to be a serious threat. He resumed his war with the Danishmends, and was away from Nicaea when these new Crusaders attacked Nicaea in May of 1097. He hurried back to his capital to find it surrounded by the Crusaders, and was defeated in battle with them on May 21. The city then surrendered to the Byzantines. As the Crusaders continued their march across Anatolia, Kilij Arslan planned an ambush near Dorylaeum on June 29. However, his archers could not penetrate the.
Kol Nidre - Nidre" has had an eventful history, both in itself and in its influence on the legal status of the Jews. Introduced into the liturgy despite the opposition of some rabbinic authorities, attacked in the course of time by some rabbis, and in the nineteenth century expunged from the prayer-book by many communities of western Europe, this prayer has often been employed out of context by anti-Semites to support their claims that Jews cannot be trusted. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Form of Prayer 2 Origin 3 Adoption into the prayer services 4 Change of tense from past to future 5 Language 6 Method of Recitation 7 Use by Anti-Semites 8 Refers Only to Individual Vows 9 Jewish Opposition Form of Prayer Before sunset on the eve of the Day of Atonement,.
Koji Kondo - learned to play several instruments. In the 1980s, Kondo learned that a company called Nintendo was seeking musicians to compose music for its new video game system, the Famicom (Nintendo Entertainment System in North America and Europe). Kondo had never considered writing video game music before, but he decided to give the company a chance. He was hired in 1983. Kondo found himself in a totally different environment at Nintendo. Suddenly, he was limited to only three "instruments" (melody, harmony, and percussion) due to the system's primitive sound chip. Though he and Nintendo's technicians eventually discovered a way to add a fourth channel (normally reserved for sound effects), his music was still severely limited on the system. Kondo has stayed with Nintendo through various consoles, including the Super Famicom (Super Nintendo.
Kurt Schumacher - Schumacher some leniency, but he risked his life through repeated defiance and hunger strikes. In 1943, when Schumacher was near death, his brother-in-law succeeded in persuading a Nazi official to have him released into his custody. He was arrested again in late 1944, and he was still in Neuengamme concentration camp when the British arrived in April 1945. He emerged from the war an embittered man, in constant pain from his injuries, contemptuous not only of the Nazis but of everyone who had not opposed them as rigorously as he had. Postwar politics Schumacher also had a burning conviction that he was destined to lead the SPD, and to lead Germany to socialism. By May he was already reorganising the SPD in Hanover, without the permission of the occupation authorities. He.
Kyllini (Elia), Greece - Kastro, and one in east of Neochori facing westbound traffic to Kyllini, now Kastro. Traffic along the road from Andravida to Kyllini is about 1,000 per hour during ferries into Kyllini which lasts for about 15 to 30 minutes. Rare before the mid-20th century, 500 in the 1980s. The length of roads are about 10 km in length. 800 m are one-way streets. Restaurants are lined up on Neochori's, Kastro's and Kyllini's main streets. A military base is located almost southeast. It contains luxury-sized houses for the refugees. It is surrounded by barbwire-gates, and meters off the Kyllini-Andravida Road, the former GR-84. The nearest national road is the GR-9 or E55, which is 10km (originally 13km) ot the east. There are no hospitals or health center. The closest health center is.
Japan - stamps and for international sporting events, while Nihon is used more often within Japan. It is from the Chinese version of the name that the English Japan was derived. The early Mandarin Chinese word for Japan was recorded by Marco Polo as Cipangu. In Malay the Chinese word became Japang and was thus encountered by Portuguese traders in Moluccas in the 16th century. It is thought the Portuguese traders were the first to bring the word to Europe. It was first recorded in English in 1577 spelled Giapan. History Main article: History of Japan People who live in Japan are descendants of those who came from the Asian continent through Sakhalin, Korea and China, especially around Beijing and Shanghai, and from the South by marine route. According to traditional Japanese history,.
Jacques Cartier - and lands where it is said there are great quantities of gold and other riches"). In 1534 he set sail looking for a western passage to Asia. He explored parts of what are now Newfoundland (starting on May 10 of that year) and the Canadian Maritimes and where he learned of a river further west (the St. Lawrence River) that he believed might be the much searched-for northwest passage. During this trip he kidnapped Chief Donnacona's 2 sons, Domagaya and Taignoagny and took them back to Europe. Cartier set sail for a second voyage on May 19 of the following year with 3 ships, 110 men, and the abducted boys (whom were returned to the chief). He sailed upriver to the Huron village of Stadacona (at the location of present-day Quebec.
Vernichtungsgedanken - was used successfully in the War of Austrian Succession, The Seven Years' War, The Napoleonic Wars, The Austro-Prussian War, and The Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871). The military success of Kingdom of Prussia/Germany was the catalyst of the alliance systems of 19th Century Europe. The arms races of this period produced the military equipment which eroded the attacker’s advantage during Europe’s “Long Peace”, giving decisive advantage to the defender and setting the stage for the catastrophic stalemate of the First World War. It was the Western Front in this war which ended Vernichtungsgedanken’s long reign as the premiere strategic doctrine of modern warfare. When the interwar interregnum concluded and Europe went again to war, many of the officers in high command in Germany (chief among them General Heinz Guderian) were all too aware.
Jacob Epstein - the city, and joined The Art Students League of New York in 1900. Then he worked in a bronze foundry by day, studying drawing and sculptural modeling at night. Moving to Europe in 1902, he studied in Paris at the Académie Julian and the École des Beaux-Arts, where Auguste Rodin taught him. He settled in London in 1905, and a few years later became a British Citizen. Epstein lived in a long-term relationship with Kathleen Garman, whom he married sometime after their daughter's birth in 1926. Their daughter, also named Kathleen, married painter Lucian Freud in 1948 and is mother of two of his daughters. Epstein was knighted in 1954. The Garman Ryan Collection, including several works by Epstein, was donated to the people of Walsall, England, by Lady Kathleen Garman,.
