Demons and witchcraft - Demons and witchcraft Perhaps one of the few points on which Christian demonologists agree is in the belief that witchcraft is a heresy, induced by demons, and that a belief in witchcraft is an essential part of the Christian faith. To Christian demonology demons are particularly pleased with the practice of witchcraft (including black magic) because it involves many sins, including attendance at the Sabbaths. According to the traditional beliefs on witchcraft and Sabbaths, the sins committed were human sacrifice; a vow of fidelity and offerings to the Devil; offences to God, Jesus, the cross and the sacraments; eating human flesh; incest and sexual relationships with animals (zoophilia) according to Pierre de Rostegny; profanation of the host (generally by sexual practices); a parody of the mass called.
Christian views on witchcraft - Christian views on witchcraft Christian views on witchcraft arise from scriptural, theological, and historical considerations. Most modern Christians do not believe that witchcraft genuinely works. Those Christians who do, generally believe that it derives its power from forces of evil. For example, some Christians believe that witches powers were obtained from a pact with Satan. Others take a slightly more moderate view that witchcraft is a false religion very little different from other religions they view as false. These, however, often believe that Satan will use his power to make the witch's spells appear to work in order to deceive people. The important difference here is that this view does not claim that witches actually consciously enter into a pact with Satan, which makes it somewhat more reasonable,.
Sabbath (witchcraft) - Sabbath (witchcraft) In Christian tradition the Sabbath (or witch Sabbath to some people) is the name given to the reunions celebrated by witches and warlocks to honour the Devil, offend God, Jesus, the sacraments, the cross, and perform unholy rites. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The Sabbath in History 2 What is said about the Sabbath 3 Places and Dates for Sabbaths. Types 4 What is known about the Sabbath 5 The Sabbath in Art The Sabbath in History Although allusions to Sabbaths were made by the Catholic Canon (law) since about 905, the first book that mentions the Sabbath is, theoretically, Errores Gazariorum (1452). In 905 the Catholic church wrote about certain women that believed they could fly in the company of the Pagan goddess Diana.
Witchcraft - Witchcraft Witchcraft refers either to the practices of witches or to popular beliefs about those practices. European Christians in the medieval era, some conservative Christians today, Neopagans and many African religions (past and present) believe that witchcraft can produce effects that are beyond the natural powers of man. In other words, they believe that witchcraft is genuine magic. However, the ways they characterize it differ widely. Witchcraft is the practice of folk magic (including herbalism, divination, spellcraft, etc. - sometimes to include midwifery and other "misunderstood" mundane practices), as opposed to a religion in and of itself. That said, however, "modern" Witchcraft (which includes Wicca and other "traditions") is believed by its practitioners to be a religion in and of itself. I have seen people haggle.
Witchcraft Act - Witchcraft Act In England, a succession of Witchcraft Acts have governed witchcraft and provided penalties for its practice. To consider the changes in these laws is to make a chronicle of received ideas about the subject. The first act of Parliament directed specifically against witchcraft was the act De hæretico comburendo, passed at the instigation of Archbishop Thomas Arundel in 1401. It specifically named witchcraft --- sortilegium --- "sorcery," or "divination," as a species of heresy, and provided that unless the accused witch abjured these beliefs, she was to be burnt at the stake. This law, however, was directed against an ecclesiastical offence, not technically a felony at common law. Offenders were tried before an ecclesiastical tribunal --- the Inquisition, per se, did not operate in.
Witchcraft trial - Witchcraft trial A witchcraft trial is, traditionally, a formal trial of a defendant which has been accused of witchcraft. While such trials occasionally occur, during the modern era, there is a general scientific belief that witchcraft is mythological, and thus, is not a crime which can be committed. The notion of a "witchcraft trial" (or "witchhunt") has come to refer to legal proceeding, in which, it is argued that innocent people are being treated unjustly; due to some degree of fear, prejudice, or panic that has led the plaintiffs to act unreasonably. Traditional Witchcraft Trials During the 16th and 17th Centuries (as well as other time periods), there were a significant number of persons charged with the "crime" of witchcraft. Those found "guilty" were often tortured.
Veronica Franco - collected the works of other leading writers into anthologies. She also founded and funded a charity for courtesans and their children. While prosperous in her dual career, Veronica Franco's life was not without hardship. In 1575, a year of the Black Death, she was forced to leave Venice and lost much of her wealth when her house and possessions were looted. On her return in 1577 she was to face a trial before the Inquisition for witchcraft, but was acquitted of the charges. Her later life is largely obscure, though surviving records suggest reasonable prosperity. The life and times of Veronica Franco were made into the 1998 movie, Dangerous Beauty. Two books of poems by Veronica Franco may be found at http://www.library.upenn.edu/etext/occult/franca/ A portrait may be found at http://www.complit.uiuc.edu/rw/images/vfranco.html.
Jean Bodin - works contained several allusions to witch trials and the procedures that should be followed, gaining to him the reputation of a sanguinary man. Bodin recommended torture even in cases of invalid people and children to confirm the practice of witchcraft. He asserted that not even one witch could be erroneously condemned if the correct procedures were followed, being enough in case of suspicion to torment the accused because rumours concerning witches were almost always true.\n.
John Morton - he murdered the Princes in the Tower, the murders of his brother George, Duke of Clarence, of his wife's first husband, Edward, Prince of Wales, of Henry VI himself, and of William, Lord Hastings; forcing his wife, Anne Neville, to marry him against her will; planning (before his wife died) to marry his niece Elizabeth of York incestuously (and maybe killing his wife so he could); accusing his own mother of adultery (and his late brother the king of illegitimacy); accusing Jane Shore and Elizabeth Woodville of witchcraft in withering his arm; and being himself illegitimate. Each of these stories first appears in writing either in Sir Thomas More's The History of King Richard III, which was based on Morton's account (although historians are divided on whether More substantially rewrote it.
John Wesley - plans to go further. "We dare not," he said, "administer baptism or the Lord's Supper without a commission from a bishop in the apostolic succession." But the next year he read Lord King on the Primitive Church, and was convinced by it that apostolic succession was a fiction, and that he [Wesley] was "a scriptural episcopos as much as any man in England." Some years later Stillingfleet's Irenicon led him to renounce the opinion that Christ or his apostles prescribed any form of church government, and to declare ordination valid when performed by a presbyter. It was not until about forty years later that he ordained by the laying on of hands; but he considered his appointment of his preachers an act of ordination. When he had waited long enough, and.
Joanna of Navarre - with his children, often taking the side of the future Henry V of England, "Prince Hal," in his quarrels with his father. Nevertheless, during the reign of Henry V, she was accused of using witchcraft to try to poison him and imprisoned for about four years in Pevensey Castle in Sussex, England. After that she lived quietly, through Henry V's reign and into that of his son, Henry VI. She is buried in Canterbury Cathedral next to Henry IV..
Joseph Glanvill - was the author of The Vanity of Dogmatising, which attacked scholasticism and religious persecution and pled for religious toleration, the scientific method, and freedom of thought. On the other hand, he also wrote Sadducismus Triumphatus, which decried scepticism about the existence and supernatural power of witchcraft. Sadducismus Triumphatus contains a valuable collection of seventeenth century folklore about witches. It deeply influenced Cotton Mather's Wonders of the Invisible World, written to justify the Salem, Massachusetts witchhunt..
Johann Weyer - witch hunting by the Christian authorities; he was said to have been the first person that used the term "mentally ill" to designate those women accused of practising witchcraft. In a time of great number of witch trials and executions, he sought to derogate the law concerning witchcraft prosecution. Some scholars have said that Weyer intended to mock the concept of the hellish hierarchy that previous grimoires had established by writing those two books and entitling his catalogue of demons Pseudomonarchia Daemonum (The Pseudo-monarchy of the Demons). Nevertheless, meanwhile in De Prestigiis Daemonum (The Illusions of the Demons) he defended the idea that the Devil's power was not so strong as it was said by the Christian church, he defended also the idea that demons had power and could appear before.
Johannes Junius - his letter written to his daughter from jail while he awaited execution for witchcraft. Junius became Burgomeister in 1608 and remained in that position until his arrest, which came shortly after his wife had been executed on similar charges. He was implicated in witchcraft by other victims of the witch craze (which was particularly pronounced in Bamberg, where five burgomeisters were burned at the stake), who had been pressured under torture to reveal the names of their accomplices. Court documents describe how Junius at first denied all charges and demanded to confront his witnesses, and continued to deny his involvement in witchcraft after almost a week of torture, which included the application of thumbscrews, leg vises (Beinschrauben), and strappado. He finally confessed on July 5, 1628, and was publically burned to.
Igor Karkaroff - top of defence. Durmstrang students are often from families known to have Dark Arts connections. Karkaroff is said to have shown exceptional favouritism towards Bulgarian student Viktor Krum, champion of the 1994 Quidditch World Cup. In 1994 Durmstrang entered the newly-revived Triwizard Tournament with Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry and Beauxbatons Academy of Magic; as headmaster, Karkaroff was a Triwizard judge. It is believed that he threatened to drop out of the Tournament after a complication over champions. However, during the course of the year he met fellow ex-Death Eater Severus Snape, with whom he shared several conversations regarding past events. In June 1995, at the end of the Triwizard Tournament, Karkaroff went into hiding after sensing the summons of the Dark Lord Voldemort. He has not been seen since.
Inquisition - The accused was given a summary of the charges and had to take an oath to tell the truth. Various means were used to get the cooperation of the accused. Although there was no tradition of torture in Christian canon law, this method came into use by the middle of the 13th century. The findings of the Inquisition were read before a large audience; the penitents abjured on their knees with one hand on a bible held by the inquisitor. Penalties went from visits to churches, pilgrimages, and wearing the cross of infamy to imprisonment (usually for life but the sentences were often commuted) and (if the accused would not abjure) death. Death was by burning at the stake, and it was carried out by the secular authorities. Death or life.
Isaac Bonewits - of "A Reformed Druid Anthology" http://orgs.carleton.edu/Druids/ARDA/ ) Authentic Thaumaturgy, 1978, revised edition 1998. (Published by Steve Jackson Games) Witchcraft: A Concise Guide, 2001, revised edition 3.1 2002. (Published by Earth Religions Press http://www.erpress.com ) Rites of Worship: A Neopagan Approach, 2003. (Published by Earth Religions Press http://www.erpress.com ) Ordained priest (1968) in the Reformed Druids of North America; founder and participant of several magical organizations, among them the Aquarian Anti-Defamation League (founder 1974, leader 1974-1976), Ordo Templi Orientis (member, 1977-1982), Ar nDraiocht Fein (founder 1983, leader 1983-1996, member 1983 to date, ordained priest 2003). He is also an ordained Wiccan priest of both the Gardnerian and New Reformed Orthodox Order of the Golden Dawn traditions. His "Advanced Bonewits Cult Danger Evaluation Frame" at http://www.neopagan.net/ABCDEF.html is one of the most widely quoted.
Isobel Gowdie - 1662, was a Scottish witch whose detailed confession to witchcraft, apparently achieved without the use of torture, offers one of the most detailed looks at European witchcraft folklore at the end of the era of witch-hunts. A young housewife living at Auldearn in Nairnshire, her confession painted a wild word-picture about the deeds of her coven. They were claimed to have the ability to transform themselves into animals; to turn into a hare, she would say: I shall go into a hare, With sorrow and sych and meickle care; And I shall go in the Devil's name, Ay while I come home again. (sych: such; meickle: great) To change back, say: Hare, hare, God send thee care. I am in a hare's likeness now, But I shall be in a woman's.
Harry Potter - in her head, fully formed, while she was on a train from Manchester to London. The sales from the books have, according to unsubstantiated rumours, made her richer than Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. Each book in the series chronicles one year in Harry's life at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry where he learns Magic. Seven books are planned, each gradually a little darker than its predecessor as Harry ages and his nemesis, Lord Voldemort, gains power. The books have been compared to Ursula K. Le Guin's A Wizard of Earthsea, the novels of Diana Wynne Jones, and the works of Philip Pullman; they also fit into a British genre of novels about boarding school life, and the sections involving Potter's relatives the Dursleys remind some readers of.
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone - forehead. He was sent to live with his abusive Aunt Petunia and Uncle Vernon. They forced him to live in a cupboard under the stairs, while they spoiled their son Dudley with constant toys and treats. On the week of his 11th birthday, Harry started to get letters, delivered by owls, inviting him to come and study at a Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. After an intervention by the gigantic Hagrid, Hogwarts' groundskeeper, he is finally permitted to attend, although his aunt and uncle tell everyone that he is attending St. Brutus' School for Incurably Criminal Boys. At Hogwarts, he befriends Ron Weasley, the youngest son of a poor wizarding family, and Hermione Granger, a muggle-born girl (not of a wizarding family) who is the smartest witch of her age,.
