Kabbalah - a Hebrew word which means that which is received, tradition. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Origin 2 Antiquity of esoteric mysticism 3 Gnosticism and Kabbalah 4 Kabbalistic Dualism 5 Mystic Doctrines in Talmudic Times 6 Kabbalah in Christianity and non-Jewish society 7 Primary Jewish texts 8 Kabbalistic teachings about the human soul 9 Foretelling the future 10 Kabbalah and the Western Esoteric Tradition 11 See also 12 External Links and References Origin "Kabbalah" refers to an esoteric doctrine concerning God and the universe, asserted to have come down as a revelation to elect saints from a remote past, and preserved only by a privileged few. Early forms of Jewish mysticism at first consisted only of empirical lore. Much later, under the influence of Neoplatonic and Neopythagorean philosophy, it assumed a speculative.
Idolatry - They were placed upon pedestals, and fastened with chains of silver or nails of iron lest they should fall over or be carried off (Isa. 40:19, 41:7; Jer. 10:14; Wisdom 13:15), and they were also clothed and colored (Jer. 10:9; Ezek. 16:18; Wisdom 15:4). At first the gods and their images were conceived of as identical; but in later times a distinction was drawn between the god and the image. Nevertheless it was customary to take away the gods of the vanquished (Isa. 10:10-11, 36:19, 46:1; Jer. 48:7, 49:3; Hosea 10:5; Dan. 11:8), and a similar custom is frequently mentioned in the cuneiform texts. Forms of idol worship Temples, altars, and statues were erected to the gods, and figures of oxen and of other animals are also mentioned (Ezek. 8:10-11). In.
Islam and Judaism - interacted for a millennium. There is a separate article on the relationship between Islam and Judaism and the Judeo-Islamic tradition. A separate article, The Bible in Islam discusses the way that Muslims have traditionally understood the Bible. There are articles on Islam and anti-Semitism and Projects working for peace among Israelis and Arabs. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early relationship between Islam and Judaism 2 The Golden Age 3 Under the Almohades 4 In the Ottoman Empire 4.1 In Jewish mystical literature 5 Interplay between Jewish and Muslim philosophy 6 Rise of First Radical School 6.2 Argument for Creation 7 Saadia Gaon 7.3 Neoplatonic Philosophy 7.4 The Apotheosis of Philosophy 7.5 Maimonides 7.6 Averroism 7.7 Influence on Exegesis 7.8 Post-Zionism relations Early relationship between Islam and Judaism The founder of Islam,.
Huldrych Zwingli - him to Vienna. For the next two years he studied there, and in 1502 he matriculated at Basel, took his B.A. degree there in 1504, and his M.A. in 1506, teaching meanwhile in the school of St. Martin's Church. In 1506 he became pastor at Glarus, where he remained for ten years. 2. Initial Doubts Zwingli soon evinced his capacity as a preacher, denouncing the evils of the time, the chief of these, to his patriotic mind, being the hiring out of the Swiss to any one other than the pope as mercenaries, an occupation whichoften resulted in their moral ruin. Because some of his congregation were carrying on this traffic, his opposition made his position so uncomfortable that he was glad to accept a call to Einsiedeln, only a few.
Vincent of Lerins - Vincentius is to be credited with the authorship of the "Objectiones Vincentianae," a collection of Sixteen Inferences alleged to be deducible from St. Augustine's writings, which has come down to us in Prosper's Reply. Its date coincides so nearly with that of the Commonitory as to preclude all doubt as to the identity of authorship on that score, and it must be confessed that its animus and that of the 70th and 86th sections of the Commonitory are too much in keeping to make it difficult to believe that both are from the same pen. The Commonitory Vincentius's object in the Commonitory is to provide himself, as he states, with a general rule whereby to distinguish Catholic truth from heresy; and he commits what he has learnt, he adds, to writing,.
Circumcision in the Bible - which is forbidden (Lev. 19:23). However, the Israelites born in the wilderness after the exodus from Egypt apparently abandoned the practice of circumcision. As recorded in Josh. 5:2-9, "all the people that came out" of Egypt were circumcised, but those "born in the wilderness" were not. If so, the apparent abandonment of circumcision happened under the leadership of Moses. In any case, we are told that Joshua, before the celebration of the Passover, had them circumcised at Gilgal. Deut. 10:16 says, "Circumcise the foreskin of your heart," thus giving the rite a spiritual meaning; circumcision as a physical act being enjoined nowhere in the whole book. Jer. 9:25, 26 says that circumcised and uncircumcised will be punished alike by the Lord; for "all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house.
Phelsuma - [Bauer, A. R. & A.P. Russell (1989) The morphology of digits of the golden gecko, Calodactylodes aureus and its implications for the occupation of rupicolous habitats. Amphibia-Reptilia 10 (1989): 125-140. E.J. Brill, Leiden.] Bech, R. (1980) Einige Bemerkungen zur erfolgreichen Zucht von Phelsuma laticauda. Elaphe, Berlin 2(3): 36-37. Bechtle, W. (1976) Bunte Welt im Terrarium. Stuttgart (Franck'sche) 72 pag. Bellairs, A. (1969) The life of Reptiles. London, In het duits vertaald (1971) Die Reptilien. Lausanne. Beuchat, Carol A. (1986) Herpetological notes: Phylogenetic distribution of the urinary bladder in Lizards. Copeia (2) blz. 512-517 Biswas, S. (1984) Some notes on the reptiles of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Journal, Bombay Natural Hist. Society vol 81 blz. 476-481. Blanc, C. P. (1971). Les Reptiles de Madagascar et des îles Voisines In: Battistine, R..
Abrahamic religion - Abrahamic religion The Abrahamic religions are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, so-called because they are all descendants of the religious tradition of Abraham, the biblical patriarch. The term desert monotheism offers an alternative descriptive categorisation. The standard Islamic name for the other two monotheistic religions is People of the Book. There are six notable figures in the Bible prior to Abraham: Adam and Eve, their sons Cain and Abel, Enoch who was "taken by God" and Noah, his great-grandson, who saved his own family and all animal life in Noah's Ark. These people did not however leave any recorded moral code behind - they serve simply as good and bad examples of behaviour but there is no specific indication of how one interprets their actions in any.
Abraham - promise, Isaac. Sarah herself "laughs" at the idea, when Yahweh appears to Abraham at Mamre (18:1-15) and, when the child is born, cries "God hath made me laugh; every one that heareth will laugh at me" (21:6). In Genesis 18, Abraham pleads with God not to destroy Sodom, and God agrees that he would not destroy the city if there were 50 righteous people in it, or 45, or 30, 20, even 10 righteous people. (Abraham's Nephew had been living in the city; see Lot.) Some time after the birth of Isaac, Abraham was commanded by God to offer him up as a sacrifice in the land of Moriah. Proceeding to obey, he was prevented by an angel as he was about to sacrifice his son, and slew a ram which.
Judeo-Christo-Islamic tradition - Judeo-Christo-Islamic tradition The term Judeo-Christo-Islamic is sometimes used to include Islam in discussions about Western religion. According to John O. Voll, associate director of the Washington-based Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, American presidential candidate Jesse Jackson was among the first American high-profile figures to to use the term Judeo-Christian-Islamic in reference to America. [1] While this term may be welcomed by many as religiously inclusive language, some have argued against its use saying that: Muslims were not involved in the creation of Western society. Muslim values differ from Christian and Jewish values. Using the term Judeo-Christo-Islamic would be a form of revisionist history. Other religions, such as Bahai, might need to be included in new terms, if society were to choose religiously inclusive language over historically accurate language. Others have.
Gyaltsab Je - actually became the first Ganden Tripa (throne holder) of Je Tsongkhapa's Gelug tradition after Je Tsongkhapa passed away. Gyaltsab Je was a very productive writer, some of the most famous texts are a commentary on A Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way Of Life. He was born in the Tsang province of central Tibet..
Abraham ibn Daud - His mother belonged to a family famed for its learning. In 1161 he wrote Sefer HaKabbalah (Book of Tradition), in which he attacked the contentions of Karaism and justified rabbinical Judaism by the establishment of a chain of traditions from Moses to his own time. An astronomical work written by him in 1180 is favorably noticed by Isaac Israeli the Younger. His philosophical work, Al-akidah al-Rafiyah (The Sublime Faith), written in 1168, in Arabic, has been preserved in two Hebrew translations: one by Solomon b. Labi, with the title Emunah Ramah, the other by Samuel Motot. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 As Philosopher 2 Ibn Daud and Aristotle 3 His Doctrine of God 4 On God's omniscience and predestination As Philosopher Ibn Daud was the first to introduce that phase of.
List of Islamic terms in Arabic - in Arabic and traditionally Muslims deemed it untranslatable, though this view has changed somewhat in recent decades. Concepts that derive from both Islam and Arab tradition, which are expressed as words in the Arabic language, and are sufficiently specific to these to require their own articles here, are: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A adab - describe's one's behaviour. For example, following the hadith rules is good adab. adhan (call to salat (prayer)) adl - justice especially distributive justice: social, economic, political, environmental Allah - literally "The God" (Allah is thus God in Arabic) al-isra - "night journey" of the prophet. al-urf - custom of a given society, leading to.
Abbreviation - particular collocations of letters represented by somewhat arbitrary symbols. The commonest form of abbreviation is the substitution for a word of its initial letter; but, with a view to prevent ambiguity, one or more of the other letters are frequently added. In some languages, letters are often doubled to indicate a plural or a superlative. In modern English there are several conventions in use for abbreviations and it may not be clear which one is best. Publishers sometimes express their preferences in a style guide. Some of the questions which may arise: Upper or lower case letters? If the original word was capitalised, then the first letter of its abbreviation will also be capital, e.g., U.S. for United States. But when abbreviating lower case letters, there is no clear guide. Usage.
Aberdare - collieries, a pleasant place to live. Its institutions included a post-graduate theological college (opened in connexion with the Church of England in 1892, until 1907, when it was removed to Llandaff). Aberdare, with the ecclesiastical parishes of St Fagan's (Trecynon) and Aberaman carved out of the ancient parish, had twelve Anglican churches, one Roman Catholic church (built in 1866 in Monk Street near the site of a cell attached to Penrhys Abbey) and at one time had over fifty Nonconformist chapels. The services in the majority of the chapels were in Welsh. The urban district includes what were once the separate villages of Aberaman, Abernant, Cwmbach, Cwmaman, Cwmdare, Llwydcoed and Trecynon. There are several cairns and the remains of a circular British encampment on the mountain between Aberdare and Merthyr. Hirwaun.
Saab - SAAB (originally an acronym for "Svenska Aeroplan AB") was founded as a Swedish aircraft industry in 1937 in the city of Linköping in Sweden. After World War II, the company sought ways in which to diversify its business and started to manufacture automobiles in the early 1950s (in the city of Trollhättan) and computers (Datasaab) in the late 1950s. Later Saab also acquired the truck maker Scania and for some time the company was called Saab-Scania. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Automobiles 1.1 Models 1.1.1 Experimental and prototypes 2 Aircraft 2.2 Models 3 Datasaab 4 Space & Military Technology 5 External Links Automobiles Some of the early cars were quite successful in rally sport. It was also one of the first mainstream manufacturers to sell cars with turbocharger. In order to.
Islam - spelled in older English texts as "Moslems". In some older English texts they are referred to as "Muhammadans" or "Mohammadans", but these terms are not commonly used as they incorrectly imply that Muslims worship Muhammad. Since Islam is in some ways derived from Judaism and Christianity, it is classified as an Abrahamic faith. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 The meaning of the word Islam 2 Beliefs 2.1 God 2.2 Prophets 2.3 Islamic law 2.4 The Day of Judgement 3 Revelation of the Qur'an 3.5 Misc. 3.6 The Six Elements of Belief 3.7 Religious authority 4 The Five Pillars of Islam 5 The Qur'an 6 Islam in relation to Judaism and Christianity 7 Historical origin of Islam 7.8 The growth of Islam today 8 Islamic laws 8.9 Dietary laws 8.10 The role.
Vegetarianism - the wild. This is not considered true vegetarianism, but may be called semi-vegetarianism or Pesco/Pollo vegetarianism (see above). Many vegetarian advocates, however, like to make "vegetarianism" as broad and all-encompassing as possible. Larger vegetarian diet photo Motivations A person's decision to become a vegetarian may be influenced by a combination of factors. Religion: A majority of the world's vegetarians follow the practice for religious reasons. Many religions, including Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism and especially Jainism, teach that ideally life should always be valued and not willfully destroyed for unnecessary human gratification. Many early Christians were vegetarian, including the Desert Fathers. Since then, the Trappist, Benedictine, and Carthusian orders have encouraged vegetarianism, as have Seventh-Day Adventists. In the nineteenth century, members of the Bible Christian sect established the first vegetarian groups in England.
Kohen - the law committee has validated more than one possible position, a congregation must follow the ruling of its rabbi, who as mara d'atra, local authority, has the sole responsibility in making such a p'sak, decision. One position of the CJLS is that daughters of Kohanim and Leviyim can be accorded the same aliyot that are normally accorded to Kohanim and Leviyim, whether they are single or married. Their status regarding being called to the Torah should not be determined by the lineage of their husbands, but by their own paternal lineage. (Rabbi Joel Roth "The status of daughters of Kohanim and Leviyim for aliyot" 11/15/89) Another position is that women do not receive such aliyot. The law committee of the Masorti movement (Conservative Judaism in Israel) has also ruled that women.
Korean Buddhism - of untouched resources, almost fully open for exploration. And while early ignorance regarding the Korean Buddhist tradition lent to some degree of uninformed glossing over from preconceptions drawn from models in Chinese and Japanese Buddhism, scholars of East Asian Buddhism nowadays are generally becoming aware of the important role of Korean Buddhism in the East Asian religious/philosophical sphere. The most distinctive general characteristic that can be seen in the Korean Buddhist tradition is the tendency for its most noted thinkers to be holistic in the interpretation of doctrine and to be exasperatingly thorough in the resolution of doctrinal and "loose ends" passed on from Buddhist predecessors. Korean scholars and monks not only devoted unusually large portions of their time and energy toward the resolution of sectarian debates and apparent doctrinal inconsistencies;.
