Korean Buddhism - the attention of Western scholarship rather late compared with Chinese and Japanese Buddhism, it still lies, with its deep store of untouched resources, almost fully open for exploration. And while early ignorance regarding the Korean Buddhist tradition lent to some degree of uninformed glossing over from preconceptions drawn from models in Chinese and Japanese Buddhism, scholars of East Asian Buddhism nowadays are generally becoming aware of the important role of Korean Buddhism in the East Asian religious/philosophical sphere. The most distinctive general characteristic that can be seen in the Korean Buddhist tradition is the tendency for its most noted thinkers to be holistic in the interpretation of doctrine and to be exasperatingly thorough in the resolution of doctrinal and "loose ends" passed on from Buddhist predecessors. Korean scholars and monks not.
Abbreviation - particular collocations of letters represented by somewhat arbitrary symbols. The commonest form of abbreviation is the substitution for a word of its initial letter; but, with a view to prevent ambiguity, one or more of the other letters are frequently added. In some languages, letters are often doubled to indicate a plural or a superlative. In modern English there are several conventions in use for abbreviations and it may not be clear which one is best. Publishers sometimes express their preferences in a style guide. Some of the questions which may arise: Upper or lower case letters? If the original word was capitalised, then the first letter of its abbreviation will also be capital, e.g., U.S. for United States. But when abbreviating lower case letters, there is no clear guide. Usage.
Classical Chinese - Classical Chinese Classical Chinese (文言 wényán, literal meaning: "literary language") is a style of writing the Chinese language which uses alternate sets of characters and grammar which resembles Chinese as it was written historically. It was used for almost all formal correspondence before the 20th century, not only in China but also in Korea and Japan. It is in contrast to bai hua which is a writing style that uses characters used in modern spoken Chinese. In practice there is a socially accepted continuum between bai hua and wen yan. A person writing a letter might include wen yan expressions and phrases to express that the matter being discussed is formal or serious and important. A letter written completely in wen yan would be considered stylistically.
Chinese classic texts - Chinese classic texts China has a wealth of classical literature, both poetry and prose, dating from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC - 256 BC) and including the Chinese classics texts, or Chinese canonical texts. Some of them are attributed to Confucius but he's probably only the editor of them. One of the aspects of the culture that allows its continuity is the importance given to those ancient texts, that shape the philosophies of the culture. Sì shū wǔ jīng (四書五經), the Four Books and the Five Classics, were mandated study of those Confucian scholars who wished to become government officials. Any political discussion was full of references to this background and one couldn't be a literati, and even a military officier, without knowing them perfectly..
Chinese poetry - Chinese poetry Shi (詩 py shi1) is the Chinese term for poem. Chinese poems came in many forms: Ancient poems (古詩) and Modern Chinese poems (新詩 vers libre) usually did not follow any prescribed pattern. Poems written in Tang dynasty prescribed to very strict patterns (see constrained writing.) One common form uses five syllables per line (五言詩). The other form uses seven syllables per line (七言詩). Some poems have four lines (絕詩), some have eight lines (律詩). The last syllable of every other line should rhyme. The last syllable of the second to last line may rhyme with the last syllable too. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early Poetry 2 See also: 3 Chinese poetry in translations: Early Poetry Among the earliest and most influential poetic.
Chinese literature - Chinese literature Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Ancient texts 2 Classic Novels 3 Classical Poetry 4 Modern 5 Overseas Chinese Literature 6 Others Ancient texts The Four Books (四書, Sì shū) are The Great Learning, (大學, Dà Xué). The Doctrine of the Golden Mean (中庸, Zhōng Yóng). The Analects of Confucius (論語, Lùn Yǔ), a book of pithy sayings attributed to Confucius. Mencius (孟子, Mèng Zǐ). The Five Classics (五經, Wǔ jīng) are The Classic of Poetry (詩經, Shī Jīng), made up of 305 poems. The Classic of History (書經, Shū Jīng) contains examples of early Chinese prose. The Book of Changes or I Ching (易經, Yì Jīng), a manual of divination based on the eight trigrams. The Classic of Rites (禮記, Lǐ Jì) describes ancient.
Poetry - Poetry Poems are literary works in which language is used in its most condensed or compressed form to convey emotion or ideas to the reader's or listener's mind or ear. This is frequently achieved through the deployment of imagery, word association, and the musical qualities of the language used. Poetry can be differentiated most of the time from prose, which is language meant to convey meaning in a more expansive and less condensed way, frequently using more complete logical or narrative structures than poetry does. A further complication is that prose poetry combines the characteristics of poetry with the superficial appearance of prose. And there is, of course, narrative poetry, not to mention dramatic poetry The Greek verb poieo (I make or create), gave rise to.
List of China-related topics - (or one that should not be here but is), please do update the page accordingly. Misc 1 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Wikipedia discussions/working pages See Wikipedia:History standards for China-related articles Wikipedia:Manual of Style for China-related articles Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Chinese) for guidelines on how to correctly name Chinese related articles. Those standards should be followed to provide a uniform title format. Talk:China for a general Q&A on China. Talk:Transcription of Chinese for transcribing and romanization (or, more specifically, pinyinization) in Chinese articles. Wikipedia:WikiProject Chinese characters Wikipedia:WikiProject Chinese provinces for a project of formating Chines province articles similar to WikiProject U.S. States and WikiProject French departements Wikipedia:WikiProject Chinese provinces/Status for current.
Vegetarianism - vegetables (e.g. potatoes) and deem many other vegetables acceptable only when harvested during certain times of the year. Jews, Christians and Moslems are all left with the biblical ideal of the "Garden of Eden" diet, which from all appearances is strictly vegan (cf. Gen. 1:29, 9:2-4; Is. 11:6-9). However, only minorities within these populations actually practice and advocate such strict diets, since the same book of the Bible, Genesis, later gives permission to Noah's descendents to consume animal flesh, but not without great suffering simultaneously administered to all creatures: "The fear and dread of you will fall upon all the beasts of the earth and all the birds of the air, upon every creature that moves along the ground, and upon all the fish of the sea" (Gen. 9:2). Suffice to.
Fleeming Jenkin - steamer; and, meeting with 600 fathoms of water when twenty- five miles from land, the cable ran out so fast that a tangled skein came up out of the hold, and the line had to be severed. Having only 150 miles on board to span the whole distance of 140 miles, he grappled the lost cable near the shore, raised it, and 'under-run' or passed it over the ship, for some twenty miles, then cut it, leaving the seaward end on the bottom. He then spliced the ship's cable to the shoreward end and resumed paying-out; but after seventy miles in all were laid, another rapid rush of cable took place, and Brett was obliged to cut and abandon the line. Another attempt was made the following year, but with no.
Ethics in religion - divine sources, ethics is studied as a branch of theology. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Greek and Roman religious ethics 2 Ethics in the Bible 3 Jewish ethics 4 Ethics in the Apocrypha 5 Christian ethics 5.1 Criticism of Christian ethics 6 Hindu ethics 7 Buddhist ethics 7.2 Criticism of Buddhist Ethics 8 Chinese traditional ethics 9 Islamic ethics 10 Shinto ethics 11 Animist ethics Greek and Roman religious ethics This section will deal with classical Greek and Roman religion, and its relationship with classical Greek and Roman ethics. (Please contribute to this section!) The classical Greek and Roman notions of ethics heavily influenced the Mediterranean and European world, from ancient times, to the enlightenment, to today. Ethics in the Bible Western philosophical works on ethics were written in a culture.
Divination - how divination might work. One such theory is rooted in the nature of the unconscious mind, a theory which has some empirical scientific basis. Based on this theory, divination is the process by which messages from the unconscious mind are decoded. The belief in a supernatural agency or occult force as the source of these messages is what distinguishes this theory from a scientific explanation. Julian Jaynes categorized divination according to the following types: Omens and omen texts. "The most primitive, clumsy, but enduring method...is the simple recording of sequences of unusual or important events." (1976:236) Chinese history offers scrupulously documented occurrences of strange births, the tracking of natural phenomena, and other data. Chinese governmental planning relied on this method of forecasting for long-range strategy. It is not unreasonable to assume.
A Tale of a Tub - Each of the brothers represents one of the primary branches of Christianity in the west. Peter stands in for the Roman Catholic Church. Jack (who Swift connects to "Jack of Leyden") represents the various dissenting Protestant churches whose modern descendants would include the Baptists, Presbyterians, Quakers, Menonites, and the assorted Charismatic churches. The third brother, middle born and middle standing, is Martin, who Swift uses to represent the 'via media' of the Church of England. The brothers have inherited three wonderfully satisfactory coats (representing religious practice) by their father (representing God), and they have his will (representing the Bible) to guide them. Although the will says that the brothers are forbidden from making any changes to their coats, they do nearly nothing but alter their coats from the start. Inasmuch as.
Capitalism - competing (and contentious) theories that developed in the 19th century, in the context of the industrial revolution, and 20th century, in the context of the Cold War, meant to justify the private ownership of capital, to explain the operation of such markets, and to guide the application or elimination of government regulation of property and markets and beliefs about the advantages of such practices. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Etymology 2 Capitalism as an economic system 3 Characteristics of Capitalist Economies 3.1 Economic Growth 3.2 Distribution of Wealth 3.3 Evolving Network Structure 3.4 Unknown/Unapproved Direction of Capitalist Economies 3.5 Unemployment/Employment 4 Criticisms of Capitalism 5 Capitalism and Imperialism 6 Capitalism as an ideology 6.6 Capitalism and political ideologies 7 Arguments for and against capitalism 8 Why does no one agree what.
List of genres of music (N-Z) - smallpipe music Northern soul Nota Nova canção - popular 1950s and 60s fado in Portugal and folk-based singer-songwriters in Spain Novokomponovana narodna muzika - modernized Serbian folk music Nu breaks Nu jazz Nu metal Nu soul (neo soul) Nueva cancion - Chilean pop-folk music which influenced by native Chilean and Bolivian forms Nyingmapa chanting - form of highly rhythmic and elaborate Tibetan Buddhist chanting O Oi Old school hip hop Old time country Olonkho - Yakut epic songs Oltului Omutibo On ikki muqam - Uighur classical suite in 12 parts Oom pah band Opera Oratorical calypso Oratorio Orchestra Organum Oriental Foxtrot Orovela - eastern Georgian work songs Orquestas Tejanas Ottava rima Outlaw country Outsider music Özgün Ozwodna P P-Funk Padams Paisley Underground Palm wine Palos Panambih - tembang sunda that uses.
List of genres of music (A-M) - about the major groupings). See also: List of genres of music (N-Z) A B C D E F G H I J K L M A A cappella - any singing performed without instrumental backing Aak - Chinese ritual music Aaroubi - evolved form of al-andalous classical music which comes from Algiers Abaimajani Abajeños - folk music of the Perépecha of Mexico Aboriginal rock - rock and roll mixed with Australian aborigine music, began in 1980s Abwe Acid croft - mixture of traditional Scottish music with house influences Acid house - house music using simple tone generators with tempo-controlled resonant filters Acid jazz - jazz mixed with soul, hip hop and funk Acid rock Acid techno Adult contemporary Afoxe African jazz Afrobeat - African rhythms mixed with American funk Afro-Cuban jazz.
Vikram Seth - undergraduate at Oxford University, and did post-graduate study in economics at Stanford University. He also studied classical Chinese poetry at Nanjing University. He is best known for his novels: The Golden Gate (1986), about San Francisco and written in verse as a very long sonnet sequence; A Suitable Boy (1993), a very long panoramic view of India in the nineteenth century Russian style; and An Equal Music. Other works: Poetry Mappings (1980) From Heaven Lake (1983) The Humble Administrator's Garden (1985) All You Who Sleep Tonight (1990), Beastly Tales (1991) Three Chinese Poets (1992) Libretto Arion and the Dolphin (1994) for the English National Opera; published as an illustrated book..
Heian Period - (平安時代) is the last division of classical Japanese history that runs from 794 to 1185 AD. The Heian period is considered the peak of the Japanese imperial court and noted for its art and especially in poetry and literature. The name heian is a word that means "peace" in Japanese. The Heian period is preceded by the Nara period and began in 794 after the movement of the capital of Japanese civilisation to Kyoto by the 50th emperor Kammu. It is considered a high point in Japanese culture that later generations have always admired. Also, the time period is also noted for the rise of the samurai which would eventually usurp the power of the emperor and start the feudal period of Japan. The Kamakura period began in 1185 when Minamoto.
February 19 - included in Cracker Jack candy boxes for the first time. 1942 - World War II: About 150 Japanese warplanes attack Darwin, Australia. 1942 - World War II: President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs an executive order allowing the United States military to relocate Japanese-Americans to Japanese internment camps. 1945 - World War II: Battle of Iwo Jima - about 30,000 United States Marines landed on Iwo Jima starting the battle. 1949 - Ezra Pound is awarded the first Bollingen Prize in poetry by the Bollingen Foundation and Yale University. 1953 - Censorship: Georgia approves the first literature censorship board in the United States. 1959 - The United Kingdom grants Cyprus its independence. 1985 - Artificial-heart patient William Schroeder becomes the first such patient to leave hospital. 1985 - A Spanish Boeing 747.
600 - chant. Construction on the monastery of St. Catherine is begun on Mount Sinai. The population of the Earth rises to about 208 million people. Smallpox arrives in Europe for the first time. Irish missionaries preach in Scotland and Germany. Chinese-influenced sculptures of Buddha begin to be created in Japan. Sumatra, Java, and the surrounding islands are converted to Buddhism. Augustine of Canterbury converts Ethelbert of Kent to Christianity (approximate date). The Hopewell culture of North America ceases to be the dominant culture. Births Ali Ben Abu Talib, the fourth caliph of Islam Deaths Venance Fortunat, bishop of Poitiers, one of the last representatives of Classical Latin poetry.\n.
