List of leading legal cases in copyright law - of concern to copyright in various jurisdictions. Some of these cases are leading English cases as the law of copyright in various Commonwealth jurisdictions developed out of English law while these countries were colonies of the British Empire. Other cases provide background in areas of copyright law that may be of interest for the legal reasoning or the conclusions they reach. Please note: Wikipedia does not give legal advice. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Advent Sys. Ltd. v. Unisys Corp (1991) held that the sale of software is the sale of a good within the meaning of Uniform Commercial Code. Applied Info. Mgmt., Inc, v. Icart (1997) held that.
Head of State - of state is the chief public representative of a nation-state, federation or commonwealth, whose role generally includes personifying the continuity and legitimacy of the state and exercising powers, functions and duties granted to the head of state in the country's constitution. In Charles de Gaulle's words, describing the role he envisaged for the French president when he wrote the modern French constitution, a head of state should embody "the spirit of the nation" to the nation itself and to the world: une certaine idée de la France. In a monarchy, the monarch is the head of state. In a republic, the head of state is usually called president, though some leaders have assumed other titles (some used "Head of State" as their only formal title). Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Roles.
Union of International Associations (UIA) - dignity, solidarity of peoples and freedom of communication; Facilitate the development and efficiency of non-governmental networks in every field of human activity, especially non-profit and voluntary associations, considered to be essential components of contemporary society; Collect, research and disseminate information on international bodies, both governmental and non-governmental, their interrelationships, their meetings, and problems and strategies they are dealing with; Experiment with more meaningful and action-oriented ways of presenting such information to enable these initiatives to develop and counterbalance each other creatively, and as a catalyst for the emergence of new forms of associative activity and transnational co-operation; Promote research on the legal, administrative and other problems common to these international associations, especially in their contacts with governmental bodies. To these ends, maintain contact with a wide variety of bodies in all.
Eamon de Valera - Mansion House in Dublin and formed an Irish parliament, known as Dáil Éireann (in english, the Assembly of Ireland). A ministry or Áireacht was formed, under the leadership of Príomh Áire (also called President of Dáil Éireann) Cathal Brugha. De Valera had been re-arrested in May 1918 and imprisoned and so could not attend January session of the Dáil. He however escaped from Lincoln Gaol in February 1919. As a result he replaced Brugha as Príomh Áire in the April session of Dáil Éireann. However the Dáil Constitution passed by the Dáil in 1919 made clear that the Príomh Áire (or President of Dáil Éireann as it came to be called) was merely prime minister - the literal translation of Príomh Áire - not a full head of state. As conflict.
Talking to Americans - However, the prime minister's name (back then) was Jean Chrétien; poutine is a French-Canadian fast food dish of french fries and cheese curd, and also was potentially inspired by recent jokes about Russian president Vladimir Putin who has a similar name. Also, Chrétien had not endorsed any candidate at the time and, in any event, it does not behoove the head of a neighboring country's government to take such a stand regarding U.S. presidential races. Bush's opponent, Vice President Al Gore, also fell victim to Mercer, when he was asked about the Canadian capital Toronto (it is actually Ottawa). Read here for more info The special was a co-production between Island Edge Inc and Salter Street Films. Alliance Atlantis has shut the doors of Salter Street Films. Review Why Should Americans.
Crop circle - people want to believe supernatural explanations for phenomena that are not yet explained. Methods to create a hoaxed crop circles have been well-documented on the Internet. A counter argument to hoaxing is that circles often appears in crops mature-enough that they carry seeds, seed-pods are unbroken, whereas trampling causes seed-pod breakage. Crop circle hoaxers counter that it is easy to leave dry seed pods unbroken during stomping and also leave no trace of entrance and egress trampling when the plants and ground are both dry and some care is taken while walking. Several crop circles that were later to have been determined to be hoaxes were at first certified as being genuine by cerealogists due the lack of seed pod breakage. Farmers are not very happy with crop circles, as they.
Royal Prerogative - 1 The Royal Prerogative in the United Kingdom 2 See Also 3 Additional Reading The Royal Prerogative in the United Kingdom In the Kingdom of England (up to 1707), the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707-1800) and the United Kingdom (since 1801), the Royal Prerogative historically was one of the central features of the realm's governance. Some key areas of British system of government are still carried out by means of the Royal Prerogative. However the usage of the Royal Prerogative has been diminishing. Contrary to widespread belief, the Royal Prerogative is not unlimited. In the Case of Proclamations (1611) during the reign of King James I/VI, English common law courts judges emphatically asserted that they possessed the right to determine the limits of the Royal Prerogative. Since the Glorious Revolution (1688),.
Phelsuma - novorum ab ill. Dr. Christ Rutenberg in insula Madagascar collectorum. Zool. Anz. Leipzig 4: 46-48. Boettger, O. (1881 b). Reliquiae Rutenbergiana II: Reptilien und Amphibien. Abl. bremer naturwiss. Ver. Bremen 7: 177-190. Boettger, O. (1881 c) Die Reptilien und Amphibien von Madagaskar. Dritten Nachtrag Abh. senck. naturfors. Gesellschaft 12: 435-558. Boettger, O. (1893). Katalog der Reptilien Sammlung im Museum der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main. I. Teil Frankfurt a/M.Gesellschaft 12: 435-558. Boettger, O. (1894). Diagnose eines Geckos und Chameleons aus Südmadagascar. Zool. Anzeiger (Leipzig) 17: 137-140. Boettger, O. (1913). Reptilien und Amphibien von Madagaskar, den Inseln und dem Festland Ostafrikas (Sammlung Voeltzkow 1889-1895 und 1903-1905) in: Voeltzkow, A. 1908-1917, Reise in Ostafrika. Stuttgart 3: 269-375. Böhme, W. & Meier, H. (1981) Eine neue form der madagascariensis-Gruppe der Gattung Phelsuma.
Monarch - a few cases a monarch is associated with a particular group (or nation) within a state, such as Te Arikuini Te Atairangikaahu of the Maori (the Maori Queen) and Osei Tutu II of the Ashanti. Malaysia provides an example of a monarch-rich state. The system for succession to the throne varies from monarchy to monarchy. Traditionally, succession to the eldest son of the monarch has been most common; if the monarch had no sons, the throne would pass either to the eldest daughter, or to the nearest male relative, depending on whether the monarchy accepted female rulers and/or descent in the female line. Some monarchies have abolished this preference for males, and the eldest child of the monarch ascends to the throne, be that child male or female, e.g. some European.
Monarchy - England, this process began with the Magna Carta of 1215, although it did not reach democratic proportions until after the English Civil War. Swaziland is the only country that retains an absolute monarchy, although the Middle Eastern monarchies certainly lean further in that direction than those in Europe; however we should also note recent (2003) developments in Liechtenstein, wherein the regnant prince was given the Constitutional power to dismiss the government at will. In some cases, a hereditary monarchy exists, but actual power resides in the military. This has often historically been the case in Thailand and Japan. In Fascist Italy a monarchy coexisted with a fascist party for longer than such coexistences occurred in Romania, Hungary, Greece and Yugoslavia. On several occasions throughout history, the same person has served as.
Commonwealth Realm - Commonwealth Realm A Commonwealth realm is any one of the 16 sovereign states that recognize Queen Elizabeth II as their Queen and head of state. In each state she acts as the monarch of that state regardless of her other roles. For example, in Canada she is known as "Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada" or simply, the Queen of Canada. (See List of Royal Titles of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom) Upon the advice of the nations' prime ministers, the Queen appoints a Governor-General to represent her as the de facto Head of State during her absence. The governor-general in turn exercises the powers of a constitutional monarch with a few symbolic, figurehead duties. Fifteen of the nations are all former British.
2002 Commonwealth Games - 2002 Commonwealth Games The 2002 Commonwealth Games were held in Manchester, England from July 25 to August 4. 72 nations competed in the following sports: athletics badminton boxing cycling diving gymnastics field hockey judo lawn bowls netball rugby sevens shooting squash swimming synchronized swimming table tennis triathlon weightlifting wrestling After experimenting with it on a smaller scale at the 1994 Commonwealth Games and dropping it at the 1998 Games, disabled competitions were held in swimming, athletics, bowls, table tennis and weightlifting. The medals were added to the final tally for each nation. Final medal Table Country Gold Silver Bronze Total 1. Australia 82 62 62 206 2. England 54 51 60 165 3. India 32 21 19 72 4. Canada 31 41 42 114 5. New Zealand.
Economic history of Great Britain - of mergers and alliances of separate firms, such as mass-production, lobbying power, and efficient union busting. To create and operate such industrial cartels required larger sums than the manufacturer could ordinarily provide, resulting in a new capitalist stage of development. By the 1870s, London financial houses thus achieved an unprecedented control of industry, contributing to an increasing concerns among elite policymakers regarding British 'protection' of overseas investments — particularly those in the securities of foreign governments and in foreign-government-backed development activities such as railroads. Although it had been official British policy for years to support such investments, with the large expansion of these investments after about 1860 and with the economic and political instability of many areas of high investment (such as Egypt), calls upon the government for methodical protection became.
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council - courts in the United Kingdom. It is also the highest court of appeal (or court of last resort) for several independent British Commonwealth countries, the UK overseas territories and the British crown dependencies. It is simply referred to simply to the Privy Council, as appeals are in fact made to Her Majesty in Council who then refers the case to the Judicial Committee for "advice". In Commonwealth republics, appeals are made directly to the Judicial Committee instead. Formerly the Judicial Committee gave a single piece of advice, but since the 1960s dissenting opinions have been allowed. The judicial system of the United Kingdom is unusual in having no single highest national court; the Judicial Committee is the highest court of appeal in some cases, while in most others the highest court.
Julian H.G. Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy - a majority. Counting on the support of the Progressive Party to overcome the Conservative minority, Mackenzie King, the Liberal Party leader, did not resign as Prime Minister and remained in power in the House of Commons until 1926. Then, a political scandal in the Ministry of Customs and Excise became public, and in Parliament the Conservative Party alleged that the corruption extended to the highest levels of government, including the Prime Minister. Mackenzie King fired the Minister of Customs and promptly named him to the Senate, creating even more dismay among the members of the Progressive Party, who had already been withdrawing their support for the Liberal government. Facing a third vote on the question of government corruption, and having already lost two previous votes on questions of procedure, Mr. King.
Victor Cousin - cherished collection of a lifetime. He died at Cannes on the 13th of January 1867, in his sixty-fifth year. In the front of the Sorbonne, below the lecture rooms of the faculty of letters, a tablet records an extract from his will, in which he bequeaths his noble and cherished library to the halls of his professorial work and triumphs. Philosophy There are three distinctive points in Cousin's philosophy. These are his method, the results of his method, and the application of the method and its results to history,--especially to the history of philosophy. It is usual to speak of his philosophy as eclecticism. It is eclectic only in a secondary and subordinate sense. All eclecticism that is not self-condemned and inoperative implies a system of doctrine as its basis,--in fact,.
Area code - xxxx: Edinburgh (0)13 82xx xxxx: Dundee, a typical area code History Area codes were first introduced in 1958, allowing a caller to call another telephone direct instead of via a manual telephone exchange, a process known as Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD), although the process was not completed until 1979. The four-digit codes were originally assigned based on the first three letters of the respective place's name and the corresponding numbers on a telephone keypad. For example Aylesbury was given the STD code (0)296, where the letter (a) can be found on the number 2, the letter (y) on the number 9 and the letter (l) on the number 6. However as more and more places were given STD codes this system became unworkable. In May 1990, growth of phone numbers in.
The Divine Comedy - and 33 cantos. The verse scheme used, terza rima, is the hendecasyllable, with the lines composing tercets according to the rhyme scheme ABA BCB CDC... The poet tells in the first person his travel through the three realms of the dead, lasting during Holy Week in the spring of 1300. His guide through Hell and Purgatory is the Latin poet Virgil. Virgil guides the Pilgrim Dante through the nine circles of Hell, to Lucifer himself. The two then ascend out of the undergloom to the Mountain of Purgatory on the far side of the world (in Dante's time, it was believed that Hell existed underneath Jerusalem). From there, Virgil guides The Pilgrim through the seven terraces of Purgatory, which ends at the summit: The Garden of Eden. However, as Virgil was.
Colorado - -Highest -Mean -Lowest 451 km 612 km 4399 meters 2,073 meters 1021 meters ISO 3166-2: US-CO Colorado is a state in the western United States. The name of Colorado came from the Spanish word "colorado" which means "reddish". It is famous for the Rocky Mountains, where the highest peaks of the range exist. The state capital and largest city is Denver. As of the 2000 census, Colorado's population is 4,301,261. The U.S. Post Office abbreviation for the state is CO. USS Colorado was named in honor of this state. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Law and Government 3 Geography 4 Colorado Tourism and Recreation 4.1 National Parks 5 Monuments and Historical Sites 6 Economy 7 Demographics 8 Important Cities and Towns 9 Education 9.2 Colleges and Universities 10.
Constitution of Ireland - Department of Education, and in English by John Hearne, legal advisor to the Department of External Affairs (now called the Department of Foreign Affairs). De Valera served as his own External Affairs Minister, hence the use of the Department's Legal Advisor, with whom he had previously worked closely, as opposed to the Attorney-General or someone from the Department of the President of the Executive Council. Though many presumed that the constitution was drafted in English and merely translated into Irish, in reality it was in effect written in both languages almost simultaneously, with each co-author borrowing from the other's work. The result unfortunately is that at a number of points the texts clash. In the event of such a clash, the Irish language, though ironically the less well worded legally, given.
