August 2003 - A timeline of events in the news for August, 2003. See also: Afghanistan timeline August 2003 California recall Dodgy Dossier Columbia investigation EU enlargement Hong Kong Basic Law Hutton Inquiry Liberian crisis North Korea crisis Occupation of Iraq: Timeline Road map for peace Same-sex marriage SARS: Timeline SCO v. IBM Linux lawsuit US v. EU on GM food US-Canada blackout War on Terrorism August 31, 2003 Tens of thousands of people turn out in Baghdad for the funeral procession of the murdered Shia Muslim leader Ayatollah Sayed Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim. [1] The Iraqi police handling the investigation say they have arrested 19 men in connection with the blast, many of them foreigners and all with admitted links to al-Qaeda. [1] The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency declassifies carbon dioxide as a pollutant,.
Euler's identity - Euler's identity Euler's identity, a special case of Euler's formula, is the following: The equation appears in Leonhard Euler's Introduction, published in Lausanne in 1748. In this equation, e is the base of the natural logarithm, is the imaginary unit (an imaginary number with the property i² = -1), and is Archimedes' constant pi (Ï€, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter). It was called "the most remarkable formula in mathematics" by Richard Feynman. Feynman found this formula remarkable because it links some very fundamental mathematical constants. Here are some interesting properties of these constants: The number 0 is the identity element for addition (for all a, a+0=0+a=a). See Group (mathematics). The number 1 is the identity element for multiplication (for all.
Euler's four-square identity - Euler's four-square identity In mathematics, Euler's four-square identity says that the product of two numbers, each of which being a sum of four squares, is itself a sum of four squares. Specifically: Euler wrote about this identity in 1750. It can be proven with elementary algebra and holds in every commutative ring. If the as and bs are real numbers, a more elegant proof is available: the identity expresses the fact that the absolute value of the product of two quaternions is equal to the product of their absolute values, in the same way that Brahmagupta's identity does for complex numbers. The identity was used by Lagrange to prove his four square theorem..
Euler's formula - Euler's formula Two results in mathematics are known as Euler's formula, after the mathematician Leonhard Euler. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Algebraic topology 1.1 Derivation 1.2 Generalisations 2 Complex analysis 2.3 Derivation Algebraic topology In geometry and algebraic topology, there is a relationship called Euler's formula which relates the number of edges E, vertices V, and faces F of a simply connected polyhedron. Given such a polyhedron, the sum of the vertices and the faces is always the number of edges plus two. i.e.: F - E + V = 2. Derivation For any polyhedron, it can be represented as a connected planar graph where E, V and F becomes the number of edges, vertices and disjointed area respectively. We can then prove that F-E+V=2 by.
Identity (mathematics) - Identity (mathematics) In mathematics, an identity is an equality that remains true regardless of the values of any variables that appear within it. Identities for classes of functions Logarithmic identities Exponential identities Trigonometric identities Hyperbolic function identities Hypergeometric function identities Combinatorial identities Named identities Bézout's identity Euler's identity.
Dissociative identity disorder - Dissociative identity disorder In psychiatry, Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is the current name of the condition formerly listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as Multiple Personality Disorder and Multiple Personality Syndrome. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems continues to list it as Multiple Personality Disorder. Multiplicity is often used to describe wider behaviours than DID—in other words, it includes the presence of separate selves which are not part of a psychiatric disorder. In the widest sense it may include concepts such as demonic possession and two-spirits. Indeed, in several cases, doctors have resorted to exorcisms in order to treat DID. [1], [1] The very existence of DID is questioned by some doctors and scientists. The growing consensus among most.
Brahmagupta's identity - Brahmagupta's identity In mathematics, Brahmagupta's identity says that the product of two numbers, each of which being a sum of two squares, is itself a sum of two squares. Specifically: The identity holds in any commutative ring, but most usefully in the integers. See also Euler's four-square identity. There is a similar eight-square identity derived from the Cayley numbers, but that isn't particularly interesting for integers because every positive integer is a sum of four squares..
Trigonometric identity - Trigonometric identity In mathematics, trigonometric identities are equalities involving trigonometric functions that are true for all values of the occurring variables. These identities are useful whenever expressions involving trigonometric functions need to be simplified. An important application is the integration of non-trigonometric functions: a common trick involves first using the substitution rule with a trigonometric function, and then simplifying the resulting integral with a trigonometric identity. Notation: With trigonometric functions, we define functions sin2, cos2, etc., such that sin2(x) = (sin(x))2. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 From the Definitions 2 Periodicity, Symmetry and Shifts 3 From the Pythagorean Theorem 4 Addition/Subtraction Theorems 5 Double-Angle Formulas 6 Multiple-Angle Formulas 7 Power-Reduction Formulas 8 Half-Angle Formulas 9 Products to Sums 10 Sums to Products 11 Inverse Trigonometric Functions 12.
List of people by name: Eu - List of people by name: Eu List of people by name: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Ea - Eb - Ec - Ed - Ee - Ef - Eg - Eh - Ei-Ej - Ek - El - Em - En - Eo - Ep-Eq - Er - Es - Et - Eu - Ev - Ew - Ex-Ez Euagrius, patriarch of Constantinople Euagrius, Patriarch, patriarch of Constantinople Eubanks, Kevin, US musician Eubanks, Robin, US musician Eubulides of Miletus, philosopher Euclid, (circa 365.
Jewish principles of faith - purpose 1.15 The messianic age 1.16 The soul is pure at birth 2 History and development 2.17 No formal text canonized 2.18 Gaining converts 2.19 Is faith necessary? 2.20 Belief in the Mishnah and the Talmud 2.21 Belief in the Medieval era 2.22 Maimonides's 13 Principles of Faith 2.23 Principles of faith after Maimonides 2.24 The Enlightenment 2.24.1 Dogma in Orthodox Judaism 2.24.2 Dogma in Conservative Judaism 2.24.3 Dogma in Reform Judaism 2.24.4 Dogma in Reconstructionist Judaism 2.25 Jewish belief and identity 3 References Jewish principles of faith Monotheism Judaism is based on strict unitarian monotheism, the belief in one God. The prayer par excellence in terms of defining God is the ''Shema Yisrael'\', "Hear O Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is One", also translated as "Hear O.
File sharing - up with demand. Decentralization is one means to alleviate this problem, especially in cases where it is possible to ensure that multiple copies of a popular item are available from multiple sources (even simultaneously, as with multi-source downloading). Concepts like hoarding come about where the one centralized person will collect and will not later freely give away what was given. Barter and ratio systems evolve in order to reduce the impact of hoarding. Under these systems, a person will only share when they can expect to get something in return. Privacy concerns The concept of being tagged and tracked is one which has been a reality for some time. Personally identifiable information is legally associated with a person's actions in order to verify their identity. Think credit cards: these have to.
Education reform - Education Reform in the United States 2 Educational Reform in Taiwan 3 Classical education 4 Reforms of classical education 5 Cost reduction 6 Teaching principles rather than facts 7 Teaching by experience 'Progressivism 8 National Identity 9 Notable reforms Education Reform in the United States At the current time, in the U.S., public attention focuses on the perceived high expense and poor outcomes of U.S. primary and secondary schools, relative to their counterparts in other countries. The U.S. however, by many accounts has the best tertiary (university-level) education system in the world. Important contributing factors to this excellence seem to be that it admits on tested merit, is supported by a large base of paying students (and thus can afford the best teachers and researchers), and has nearly perfect student choice.
Augustus De Morgan - Commons, or the Tower, or Westminster Abbey. Were the writings of De Morgan published in the form of collected works, they would form a small library. We have noticed his writings for the Useful Knowledge Society. Mainly through the efforts of Peacock and Whewell, a Philosophical Society had been inaugurated at Cambridge; and to its Transactions De Morgan contributed four memoirs on the foundations of algebra, and an equal number on formal logic. The best presentation of his view of algebra is found in a volume, entitled Trigonometry and Double Algebra, published in 1849; and his earlier view of formal logic is found in a volume published in 1847. His most unique work is styled a Budget of Paradoxes; it originally appeared as letters in the columns of the Athenæum journal;.
Beauty - can likewise hear as dissonant a tone that's high or low by as little as two percent of the distance to the next note. Most people have similar aesthetics about the work or hobbies they've mastered. The earliest theory of beauty can be found in the works of early Greek philosophers from the presocratic period, like Pythagoras. The extant writings attributed to Pythagoras reveal that the Pythagorean school, if not Pythagoras himself, saw a strong connection between mathematics and beauty. In particular, they noted that objects proportioned according to the golden ratio seemed more attractive. Some modern research seems to confirm this, in that people whose facial features are symmetric and proportioned according the golden ratio are consistently ranked as more attractive than those whose faces are not. Even mathematical formulae.
Carmen Sandiego - cats and dogs. Stretch was featured in Where on Earth is Carmen Sandiego? and in Carmen Sandiego: Junior Detective Edition Penelope Paparazzi - Penelope Paparazzi’s motto is "Ladies first," and her career as a photographer for the ACME Detective Agency, proves it. This elegant camera expert has risen to the top, despite the spills and frills that follow her on every assignment. Her last name is a pan on the term Paparazzi used for certain journalists and photographers. Her namesake Penelope is a figure of the Odyssey, attributed to Homer. Her first name was more likely chosen, simply because it started with the same letter as her last name. Penelope was featured in Carmen Sandiego: Junior Detective Edition. Candid Cammie - Candid Cammie is a photographer for the ACME Detective Agency..
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints - Church, known as "Latter-day Saints", hold that their faith is a divinely appointed restoration of the church established by Jesus Christ as depicted in the New Testament. They believe that the authority to perform baptism and other necessary ordinances, was lost with the death of the Jesus's original apostles, leading to the Great Apostasy. Joseph Smith, the first prophet of the "restored" church, told of an appearance of God and Jesus Christ and later visits from angels who guided him in restoring the church. In the process, he and others claimed to receive the authority to perform baptism and other ordinances. Smith also brought forth new scripture to complement and clarify the Biblical canon. These include the Book of Mormon, which they claim is a record kept by ancient prophets, engraved.
Comparing and contrasting Judaism and Christianity - born of Jewish fathers and gentile mothers if the children are raised as Jews.) To Jews, Jewish peoplehood is closely tied to their relationship with God, and thus has a strong theological component. This relationship is encapsulated in the notion that Jews are a chosen people. Although many non-Jews have taken this as a sign of arrogance or exclusivity, Jewish scholars and theologians have emphasized that a special relationship between Jews and God does not in any way preclude other nations having their own relationship with God. For Jews, being "chosen" fundamentally means that Jews have chosen to obey a certain set of laws (see Torah and halakha) as an expression of their covenant with God. Jews hold that other nations and peoples are not required or expected to obey these.
Sexual revolution - much more explicitly discussed in books, music, and other media, with the publication of guides to sexual techniques. Sexual practices that were previously considered unsuitable for discussion, such as oral sex, orgasm, and homosexuality, were openly talked about. Some historians argue that the sexual revolution was not a complete break from earlier Western sexual attitudes but rather a liberalization after a conservative period that only existed between the 1930s and 1950s. They note that the Cold War sparked a socially conformist identity which tended to be self-conscious of its appearance to the outside world. Within the United States, this conformism took on puritanical overtones which contradicted natural or even, ironically, culture-established human sexual behaviours. It was this period of Cold War puritanism, some say, that logically led to a cultural rebellion.
Software engineering - solution to the software crisis: structured programming, object-oriented programming, process, CMM, UML, Ada, methodologies, decision tables, and so on. Practices: Some pundits argued that the software crisis was due to the lack of discipline of programmers. Many practitioners resist process strongly. Some believed that if formal engineering methodologies could be applied to software development, the production of software would become as predictable an industry as other branches of engineering. This led to work on a code of ethics, and professionalism. The issue is so pervasive that it cannot be deliberate. It must be a natural response to experience. In 1987, Brooks published the famous paper "No Silver Bullet", arguing that no individual technology or practice can make a 10 fold improvement in productivity in 10 years. All of the technologies and.
Religion - benefits from religion 13 Religion vs. Mythology 14 Monotheism vs. Polytheism 15 Emergent religion 16 The Other 17 See Also 18 External Links What do religions have in common? The word religion derives from the Latin word religare, meaning "to join, or link" and classically understood to mean the linking of human and divine. Accordingly, one might begin by defining religion as a system of beliefs based on humanity's attempt to explain the universe and natural phenomena, often involving one or more deities or other supernatural forces. Such a system of beliefs can be distinguished from branches of philosophy such as metaphysics which seek to address many of the same questions, but only within the context of certain religious frameworks. In the Judeo-Christian context, especially in ancient Greece and later on.
