Economy of El Salvador - be undertaken. The debt profile is expected to increase over the next several years as the international donor community has pledged $1.26 billion to finance El Salvador's reconstruction and modernization. Large loans now being sought to finance reconstruction from the 2001 earthquakes will further alter the country?s debt profile. Natural Disasters: Hurricane Mitch (1998) and the Earthquakes (2001) Hurricane Mitch hit El Salvador in late October 1998, generating extreme rainfall of which caused widespread flooding and landslides. Roughly 65,200 hectares were flooded, and the Salvadoran Government pronounced 374 people dead or missing. In addition, approximately 55,864 people were rendered homeless. The areas that suffered the most were the low-lying coastal zones, particularly in the floodplain of the Lempa and Sam Miguel Grande rivers. Three major bridges that cross the Lempa were.
Democracy - democracy. In delegative democracy, delegates are selected and expected to act on the wishes of the constituency. In this form of democracy the constituency may recall the delegate at any time. Representatives are expected only to transmit the decisions of electors, advance their views, and if they fail to do so they are subject to immediate representative recall with only minimal process. The more familiar representative democracy is a system in which the people elect government officials who then make decisions on their behalf. Essentially, a representative democracy is a form of indirect democracy in which representatives are democratically selected, and usually harder to recall. A doctrine often known as Edmund Burke's Principle states that representatives should act upon their own conscience in the affairs of a representative democracy. This is.
Aztec calendar - Mathematical proven evidence of the pre-Columbian contacts between the Mesoamerican and some West-European cultures. Most of our largest libraries have a few dozen books on the history of Mexico, but these books usually interpret the Aztec calendar very briefly. Besides this, they often emphasize only those scientific achievements that are important for their authors. The wide range of different opinions can be illustrated by one example. A well-known expert on Mexican culture remembers Antonio de León y Gama (1736-1802), who has been called the first Mexican archaeologist. He states that the most important of León y Gama's books on archaeology is the "Descripción histórica y cronológica de las dos piedras." The sculptures of the title are two famous monoliths. Bernal adds that one of them is the Stone of the Sun,.
Victor Cousin - of the states. Cousin remarks that, among all the literary distinctions which he had received, "None has touched me more than the title of foreign member of the American Institute for Education." To the enlightened views of the ministries of François Guizot and Adolphe Thiers under the citizen-king, and to the zeal and ability of Cousin in the work of organization, France owes what is best in her system of primary education,--a national interest which had been neglected under the French Revolution, the Empire and the Restoration (see Expose, p. 17). In the first two years of the reign of Louis Philippe more was done for the education of the people than had been either sought or accomplished in all the history of France. In defence of university studies he stood.
Instructional technology - a continually growing field of study and practice utilizing technology as a way of distributing instruction to dispersed learners. A number of Universities are embracing instructional technology as a way of increasing enrollment while decreasing overhead costs, particularly in physical locations. As well, consider the power of allowing students to interact only with experts or their mirrored expert systems. The question is becoming more reasonable: Why take classes from a third rate teacher when, through dispersed learning and communication networks, a learner can have access to the best most current theory and instruction available through an artificial expert system? This is one of the promises of instructional technology. Pushback from teachers and administrators to the use of technology in the classroom is not unusual in rural learning organizations. However this could.
Islam as a political movement - 1914 struck an alliance with the Grand Sherif of Mecca, and on 31st October pledged that "If the Arabs assist England in this war, England will guarantee that no intervention takes place in Arabia and will give the Arabs every assistance against external foreign aggression." This agreement served as the basis of the Arab Revolt which generally aligned Arabs with the British Empire. Islam as a political force in that war was not unified, as the Ottoman Turks were resented oppressors of Arab populations. There were scattered objections to the idea of uniting with non-Muslims to defeat nominal Muslim Turks but these were relatively muted. At least, until the British recanted on all their important promises: Following World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, and the subsequent dissolution.
Government of the United States - areas. Department of Commerce The United States Department of Commerce serves to promote the nation's international trade, economic growth, and technological advancement. It offers assistance and information to increase U.S. competitiveness in the global marketplace; administers programs to create new jobs and to foster the growth of minority-owned businesses; and provides statistical, economic, and demographic information for business and government planners. The department comprises a diverse array of agencies. The National Institute of Standards and Technology, for example, promotes economic growth by working with industry to develop and apply technology, measurements, and standards. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which includes the National Weather Service, works to improve understanding of the earth's environment and to conserve the nation's coastal and marine resources. The Patent and Trademark Office promotes the progress of.
Crop circle - stomp down a sizeable area of crop in a single night. Note that "stomp" does not mean using the feet. Simple tools to make crop circles have been described. [1] Many subsequent crop circle makers have claimed that making what self-appointed cerealogist experts state are "unfakeable" crop circles is easy. One such cerealogist, G. Terence Meaden, was filmed claiming that a crop circle was genuine when the night before the making of that crop circle by humans was filmed. On the night of July 11-12, 1992, a crop-circle making competition, for a prize of several thousand pounds (partly funded by the Arthur Koestler Foundation), was held in Berkshire. The winning entry was produced by three helicopter engineers, using rope, PVC pipe, a trestle and a ladder. Another competitor used a small.
Timeline of computing 1950-1979 - such as the Amstrad PC 1512 were fitted with mice before this date. 1964 Computers built between 1964 and 1972 are often regarded as 'Third Generation' computers, they are based on the first integrated circuits - creating even smaller machines. Typical of such machines was the IBM 360 series mainframe, while smaller minicomputers began to open up computing to smaller businesses. 1964 Programming language PL/I released by IBM. 1964 Launch of IBM 360 - the first series of compatible computers. Over 14,000 were shipped by 1968. 1964 DEC PDP-8 Mini Computer. The first minicomputer, built by Digital Equipment (DEC). It cost $16,000. 1964 Project MAC is started at MIT by J.C.R. Licklider: several terminals all across campus will be connected to a central computer, using a timesharing mechanism. Bulletin boards and.
Tomahawk missile - and storage, and to act as a launch tube. The submarine AUR is launched from torpedo or vertical tubes (e.g. the later Los Angeles class submarines). Surface ships employ a vertical launching system (VLS). A solid fuel booster with steering vanes in its exhaust is used for launch and to provide steering during the initial few seconds of flight while the wings and control surfaces are deployed. The Tomahawk is launched on a preset course above the water and, as it crosses over land, switches to an inertial and Terrain Contour Matching (TERCOM) system to guide the missile to its target with terminal guidance from the Digital Scene Matching Area Correlation (DSMAC) sytem, producing an accuracy of around 10m. The Block III TLAMs, entered service in 1993, have an extended range.
Philatelic investment - dramatically. -Mainland China (or the People's Rep. of China)- because Maoists despised stamp collectors as reactionary counter-revolutionaries, stamp collecting was illegal in the P.R.C. while Mao was alive. Most stamps collected from the P.R.C. during this period were sold overseas to American and European collectors in order to generate foreign exchange, and the printing quantities of some issues were very low (100,000 or fewer). For many years, demand for stamps of the P.R.C. was also low, however; most Chinese collectors outside of China weren't collecting them, those inside weren't allowed to, and interest among non-Chinese was minimal. P.R.C. issues were considered "wallpaper." All of this changed after Mao died, the prohibition against stamp collecting was repealed, and Mainland China became more capitalistic. Current estimates of the number of stamp collectors in.
Phelsuma - novorum ab ill. Dr. Christ Rutenberg in insula Madagascar collectorum. Zool. Anz. Leipzig 4: 46-48. Boettger, O. (1881 b). Reliquiae Rutenbergiana II: Reptilien und Amphibien. Abl. bremer naturwiss. Ver. Bremen 7: 177-190. Boettger, O. (1881 c) Die Reptilien und Amphibien von Madagaskar. Dritten Nachtrag Abh. senck. naturfors. Gesellschaft 12: 435-558. Boettger, O. (1893). Katalog der Reptilien Sammlung im Museum der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main. I. Teil Frankfurt a/M.Gesellschaft 12: 435-558. Boettger, O. (1894). Diagnose eines Geckos und Chameleons aus Südmadagascar. Zool. Anzeiger (Leipzig) 17: 137-140. Boettger, O. (1913). Reptilien und Amphibien von Madagaskar, den Inseln und dem Festland Ostafrikas (Sammlung Voeltzkow 1889-1895 und 1903-1905) in: Voeltzkow, A. 1908-1917, Reise in Ostafrika. Stuttgart 3: 269-375. Böhme, W. & Meier, H. (1981) Eine neue form der madagascariensis-Gruppe der Gattung Phelsuma.
Will (law) - strictness will is a general term whilst testament applies only to dispositions of personality, but this distinction is seldom observed. The conception of freedom of disposition by will, familiar as it is in modern England and the United States, both generally considered common law systems, is by no means universal. In fact, complete freedom is the exception rather than the rule. Legal systems which are based upon Roman law, such as those of Scotland, France and Quebec, known as civil law systems allow whole estates to be alienated only where the deceased leaves no widow or near relatives. In France, this restriction has met with condemnation from eminent legal and economical authorities. (From the 1911 Britannica (copyediting in progress):) Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 2 Nineteenth Century English Law 3.
Nanotechnology - its fullest sense would require the ability to directly manipulate atoms or molecules via mechanosynthesis. It is sometimes referred to as Molecular nanotechnology or MNT to distinguish it from Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). A much more neutral term that does not imply the hype and speculation that surround this field is "molecular engineering" - progress towards actual engineering at these scales is discussed in that article. This article focuses on the longer-term potential and speculations surrounding 'nanotechnology' as it was originally conceived. Ralph Merkle has compared today's chemistry (in contrast to mechanosynthesis) to an attempt to build interesting Lego brick constructions while wearing boxing gloves. Because we currently have no tools that allow us to place a particular molecule in a particular place (so that it bonds in a predictable.
Idolatry - (Deut. 32:17, 21 [1]; Jer. 2:11 [1]), "things of naught" (Lev. 19:4 et passim [1]), "vanity" (Deut. 32), "iniquity" (1 Sam. 15:23 [1] ), "wind and confusion" (Isa. 41:29 [1]), "the dead" (Ps. 106:28 [1]), "carcasses" (Lev. 26:30; Jer. 16:18), "a lie" (Isa. 44:20 et passim [1]), and similar epithets. Idols are said to be made of gold, silver, wood, and stone, and are graven images, unshapen clods, and, being the work of men's hands, unable to speak, see, hear, smell, eat, grasp, or feel, and powerless either to injure or to benefit. Idols were either designated in Hebrew by a term of general significance, or were named according to their material or the manner in which they were made. They were placed upon pedestals, and fastened with chains of silver.
Ethics in the Bible - period of many centuries, reflecting a rich variety of conditions and beliefs, ranging from the culture of ancient nomadic shepherd tribes to the refinement of life and law of an urban population, from primitive clan henotheism to the ethical monotheism of the prophets. It is thus unwarranted to treat the ethics of the Bible as a unit; the ethical discussions contained therein do not all neatly flow from one dominant principle; there is no one set of clearly defined rules, conduct and obligation. Instead of one system of ethics, many systems have to be recognized and expounded. Nonetheless, the ultimate outcome of this evolution was ethical monotheism. With these important qualifications kept in view, it is safe to hold that the principle underlying the ethical concepts of the Bible and from.
Startopia - a computer game from Mucky Foot Productions (formed by ex-Bullfrog employees) and published by Eidos, combining features from games such as Dungeon Keeper and Theme Hospital. It is set onboard a giant space station, and requires the player to build an environment which will attract members of various alien species to the station. The game has an interesting sense of humour, similar to that of Dungeon Keeper in many ways. The player has no direct control over the characters that wander about, although the game is largely about influencing their actions in one way or another. The hardware requirements are low by current standards (350MHz processor, 64 Mb RAM, 8 Mb 3D graphics card), the game is now in the "budget" range, and there is a demo version available. External Links.
Expert system - Expert system An system is a class of computer programs developed by researchers in artificial intelligence during the 1970s and applied commercially throughout the 1980s. In essence, they are programs made up of a set of rules that analyze information, (usually supplied by the user of the system), about a specific class of problems, as well as provide analysis of the problem(s), and, depending upon their design, a recommended course of user action in order to implement corrections. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Type of problems solved by expert systems 2 Application 3 Expert Systems vs. Problem Solving Systems 4 Individuals Involved with Expert Systems 5 The End User 6 The Knowledge Engineer 7 The Inference Rule 8 Chaining 9 Confidences 10 The User Interface 11.
Expertise - know-how, skill, competence or excellence. Expertise levels may widely vary, depending on the specific domain of reality being considered. See also: Cognition theory Cognitics Expert systems.
Guide (hypertext) - Guide (hypertext) Guide was a hypertext system originally developed by Peter Brown at the University of Kent in 1982. The original Guide implementation was for Three Rivers PERQ workstations running Unix. The Guide system was also the first hypertext system to be sold commercially, starting with the formation of Office Workstations Ltd. in 1984. Unlike most hypertext systems, the main link mechanism in Guide is based on replacement, meaning that when following a link, the current node breaks open, making room for the destination node. The anchor of the link is replaced by the contents of the destination node. One can close the destination node, which means that it is once again replaced by the text of the anchor. Thus, the basic method of navigation using.
