IEEE 754r - IEEE 754r IEEE 754r is a revision to IEEE 754 floating point standard, which is in the works. Revision The standard is undergoing revision. Participation is open to people with a solid knowledge of floating-point arithmetic. Monthly meetings in the San Francisco Bay area. The mailing list tracks running discussions. External Links http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/754/.
IEEE 802.3 - IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.3 is the IEEE standard defining the hardware layer and transport layer of (a variant of) Ethernet. The maximum segment length is 500m and the maximum total length is 2.5km. The maximum number of hosts is 1024. The maximum packet size is 1518 bytes. If the upper layer protocol submits a PDU (Protocol data unit) less than 64 bytes, 802.3 will pad the LLC Info field to achieve the minimum 64 bytes. Although it is not technically correct, the terms "packet" and frame are used interchangeably. The ISO/IEC 8802-3 ANSI/IEEE 802.3 Standards refer to MAC sub-layer frames consisting of the Destination Address, Source Address, Length, LLC Info., and FCS fields. The Preamble and SFD are (usually) considered a header to the MAC Frame..
IEEE floating-point standard - IEEE floating-point standard The IEEE floating-point standard (IEEE 754) is an IEEE standard, used by many CPUs and FPUs, which defines formats for representing floating point numbers; representations of special values (i.e. zero, infinity, very small values (denormal numbers), and bit combinations that don't represent a number (NaN)); five exceptions, when they occur, and what happens when they do occur; four rounding modes; and a set of floating-point operations that will work identically on any conforming system. IEEE 754 specifies four formats for representing floating-point values: single-precision (32-bit), double-precision (64-bit), single-extended precision (>= 43-bit, not commonly used) and double-extended precision (>= 79-bit, usually implemented with 80 bits). Only 32-bit values are required by the standard, the others are optional. Many languages specify that they implement IEEE.
754 - 754 Centuries: 7th century - 8th century - 9th century Decades: 700s 710s 720s 730s 740s - 750s - 760s 770s 780s 790s 800s Years: 749 750 751 752 753 - 754 - 755 756 757 758 759 Events Pope Stephen III crowns Pepin the short King of the Franks at St.-Denis outside Paris; also dedicates the foundations of the new abbey church. Pepin the Short sends his armies into Italy to aid the pope against the Lombards. Fire in Canterbury. Oldest document mentioning the city of Ferrara is from this year (approximate date). Births Deaths Saint Boniface was killed in Frisia (or 755) Carloman, Mayor of the Palace of the Franks Cuthred, king of Wessex Other meanings: IEEE floating-point standard.
Iterative and Incremental development - iteration, design modifications are made along with addition new functional capabilities. The Procedure itself consists of the Initialization step, the Iteration step, and the Project Control List. The initialization step creates a base version of the system. The goal for this initial implementation is to create a product to which the user can react. It should offer a sampling of the key aspects of the problem and provide an solution that is simple enough to understand and implement easily. To guide the iteration process, a project control list is created that contains a record of all tasks that need to be preformed. It includes such items as new features to be implemented and areas of redesign of the exiting solution. The control list is constantly being revised as a result of.
Hard disk - the entirety of its platter. The integrated electronics control the movement of the read-write armature and the rotation of the disk, and perform reads and writes upon demand from the disk controller. Some modern drive electronics are capable of scheduling reads and writes efficiently across the disk, and of remapping sectors of the disk which have failed. The sealed enclosure protects the drive internals from dust, condensation, and other sources of contamination. Any contamination of the read-write heads or disk platters can lead to a head crash—a failure of the disk in which the head scrapes across the platter surface, grinding away the thin magnetic film. Head crashes can also be caused by electronic failure, wear and tear, or poorly manufactured disks. Access and interfaces A hard disk is generally accessed.
Gordon Bell - vice-president of engineering, where he was in charge of the VAX, DEC's most successful computer. Bell retired from DEC in 1983 as the result of a heart attack, but soon after founded Encore Computer Corporation. During the 1980s he became involved with public policy, leading the Computers and Information Science and Engineering directorate of the NSF, and National Research and Education Network. He also established the IEEE Gordon Bell Prize in 1987 to encourage development in parallel processing. He became chief scientist of Stardent Computer in 1990, and a VP of R&D at Ardent Corporation in 1991. Between 1991 and 1995 Bell advised Microsoft in its efforts to start a research group, then joined it full time, where he works as of 2003, studying telepresence and related ideas. He received the.
Floating point - approximation or rounding because the result of an operation may not be exactly representable, In a floating-point number, the number of significant digits (the relative precision) has a maximum, rather than the number of digits after the radix point (the absolute precision) as in fixed-point. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Representation 1.1 Hidden bit 2 Usage in computing 3 Problems with floating-point 4 IEEE standard 5 Examples 6 References Representation A floating-point number a can be represented by two numbers m and e, such that a = m × be. In any such system we pick a base b (called the base of numeration, also the radix) and a precision p (how many digits to store). m (which is called the significand or, informally, mantissa) is a p digit number of.
Acetazolamide - (i.e. Addison's disease). they have diabetes. Acetazolamide can only be obtained by prescription and is available as a generic drug. Myths Acetazolamide covers up symptoms. Acetazolamide speeds up acclimitization which in turn helps to alleviate symptons. However, if you still feel sick, you need to stop ascending immediately. Acetazolamide prevents AMS from getting worse. If your symptoms are not improving, continued ascent can lead to HAPE or HACE. Stopping the drug causes symptoms to worsen. Your body will just return to its own acclimization rate. If you are already acclimitized, the drug will not change that fact. References Complete Guide to Prescription & Non-Prescription Drugs by H. Winter Griffen, M.D., Sixth edition, 1989. ISBN 0-89586-754-0. http://www.ismmed.org/np_altitude_tutorial.htm DISCLAIMER Please remember that Wikipedia is offered for informational use only. The information is in.
Commodore 64 - drives (Datassettes) in Europe, although in the United States the C64 popularized the use of floppy drives, as it was the first computer that made them affordable. Likewise, because Commodore offered a number of inexpensive modems for the C64, the machine also helped popularize the use of modems for telecommunications. In the United States, Quantum Computer Services (later America Online) offered an online service called Quantum Link for the C64 that featured chat, downloads, and online games. In the UK, Compunet was a very popular online service for C64 users (requiring special Compunet modems) from 1984 to the early 1990s. The C64 amassed a large software library of nearly 10,000 titles, rivaled in its day only by the Apple II family. An Apple II+ emulator called the Spartan, manufactured by Mimic.
Computer numbering formats - 0100 = hex 4 1100 = hex c 0101 = hex 5 1101 = hex d 0110 = hex 6 1110 = hex e 0111 = hex 7 1111 = hex f So it is easy to convert a long binary number, such as 1001001101010001, to octal: 1 001 001 101 010 001 binary = 111521 octal and easier to convert that number to hex: 1001 0011 0101 0001 = 9351 hex but it takes a lot of figuring to convert it to decimal (37,713 decimal). Octal and hex make a convenient way to represent binary "machine" quantities. Signed integers and two's complement After defining unsigned binary numbers, the next step is to modify this scheme to have negative numbers, or "signed integers". The simplest thing to do would be to.
Short-finned eel - years for females. They are carnivorous, eating crustaceans, fish, frogs and even small birds. Like other angullids, Short-finned eels are remarkably hardy: they can tolerate high water temperatures and low oxygen concentrations, endure long periods without food, and bury themselves in mud or sand and enter an energy-saving torpor when the water temperature drops below 10 degrees. They are one of the few Australian freshwater fish to have coped well with the wholesale introduction of European and American species. Short-finned eels make excellent eating. Prior to European settlement at least two Aboriginal Australian civilisations farmed eels on a large scale, trading smoked eel with distant communities in return for other goods. For the Maori people of New Zealand, starved of protein after the extinction of New Zealand megafauna, the Short-finned eel.
Software engineering - resembles marketing, sociology, or voodoo, more than traditional engineering with its responsibilities to society at large and the perils of legal liability with failure to protect the public interest. Response: Every profession manages expectations, including all forms of engineering. This may happen at different levels. Software Engineering focuses on the immediate requirements, whereas other engineering fields tend to solve problems that are typically long-ranged. Moreover, "responsibility to the society" means meeting the expectations of the general public, which can be considered a customer. Poor Requirements: Criticism: The requirements for most projects are incomplete or inconsistent. Some customers have little previous experience in writing requirements for a software project. Other customers really do not know what they want, and say "I'll know it when I see it" (IKIWISI). Even experienced customers who.
Multilayer switch - bits in IP DSCP (differentiated services CodePoint). These 6 bits were used in the "old days" for Type of Service (ToS). The following 4 mappings are normally available in a MLS: From OSI layer 2, 3 or 4 to IP DSCP (if IP packet) and/or VLAN IEEE 802.1p. From VLAN IEEE 802.1p to IP DSCP. From IP DSCP to VLAN IEEE 802.1p. From VLAN IEEE 802.1p to port queue. Many MLS implements QoS differentiated services and/or integrated services in hardware. Some MLS are also able to route between VLAN and/or portss like a common router. The routing are normally as quick as switching (with wirespeed). Layer 7 switch, web-switch, content-switch Some switches can use up to OSI layer 7 packet information, they are called layer 7 switches, content-switch or web-switch. Some.
List of Internet topics - -- DHCP -- Dial-up -- Dial-up access -- DiffServ -- Digital divide -- Digital Equipment Corporation -- Digital subscriber line -- DirecTV -- DISH Network -- Disk image -- Distance-vector routing protocol -- DNS -- Domain forwarding -- Domain name registry -- Dust storm -- DVB -- Dynamic DNS E E-card -- E-mail -- E-Services -- EBay -- Echo -- Eldred v. Ashcroft -- Electrical engineering -- electricity -- Electronic mailing list -- Electronic money -- Embrace, extend and extinguish -- End-to-end connectivity -- Epoch date -- Ethernet -- European Installation Bus -- EverQuest -- Everything2 -- Extended ASCII -- Extranet F Famous non-quotation -- Fan fiction -- FAQ -- Federal Standard 1037C -- fiber optic -- Fidonet -- File sharing -- File transfer protocol -- Finger -- Finger protocol --.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - and Electronics Engineers The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers or IEEE (pronounced as eye-triple-e) is a non-profit, professional organization based in the United States. It is the largest (in number of members) professional organization. The IEEE was formed in 1963 by the merger of the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) and the 'American Institute of Electrical Engineers' (AIEE) The IEEE has branches in many parts of the world. Its members are electrical engineers, computer scientists, telecommunications workers, etc. Its goal is to promote knowledge of electrical engineering. One of its most important roles is in establishing standards for computers formats and devices. It participates in all activites generally associated with professional organizations: Editing and publishing peer-reviewed journals Consensus-based standards activities. Organizing conferences Technical publishing, of its own journals, standards, and.
University of Durham - Kingdom's leading research universities - coming eleventh in the 2002 Research Assessment Exercise and never out of the top twenty of either the Times Good University Guide or the Sunday Times University Guide. It is a member of the 1994 Group of Universities, representing medium-sized research universities. The current Chancellor of the University is Sir Peter Ustinov. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 History 1.1 Stockton 1.2 Durham Today 1.3 Chancellors of the University 2 Colleges 2.4 Bailey 2.5 Hill 2.6 Queen's Campus 2.7 Others 3 Constitution 3.8 The Visitor 3.9 The Chancellor 3.10 The Vice-Chancellor 3.11 Convocation 3.12 Council 3.13 Senate 3.14 Colleges 3.15 Faculties 4 Alumni 5 External Links History The strong tradition of theological teaching in Durham gave rise to various attempts to form a university there, notably under.
Government of the United States - Reclamation manages scarce water resources in the semiarid western United States. The department regulates mining in the United States, assesses mineral resources, and has major responsibility for protecting and conserving the trust resources of American Indian and Alaska Native tribes. Internationally, the department coordinates federal policy in the territories of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands, and oversees funding for development in the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and Palau. Department of Justice The United States Department of Justice represents the U.S. government in legal matters and courts of law, and renders legal advice and opinions upon request to the president and to the heads of the executive departments. The Justice Department is headed by the attorney general of the United States, the.
File sharing - discussion over perceived and actual legal issues surrounding file sharing. In circumstances where trading partners are in different countries with different legal codes, there are significant problems to contend with. What if a person in Canada wishes to share a piece of source code which, if compiled, has encryption capabilities? In some countries, a citizen may not request or receive such information without special permission. Through 2001 and 2002, the entire file-sharing community has been in a state of flux, since record companies and RIAA try to shut down as much of this as possible. Even though they have forced Napster into cooperating against copyright violations, they are way behind, since the community has flourished and produced lots of different clients, though not as many different underlying protocols. The second generation.
Floating point unit - from integer operations, with dedicated floating point registers and independent clocking schemes. Floating point addition and multiplication operations are typically pipelined, but more complicated operations, like division, may not be, and some systems may even have a dedicated floating point divider circuit. See also: execution unit, IEEE floating-point standard (also known as IEEE 754).
