Magnetic flux - Magnetic flux Magnetic flux, usually denoted by Greek letter Φ, is a measure of quantity of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. The flux through an element of area perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field is given by the product of the magnetic field density and the area element. More generally, magnetic flux is defined by a scalar product of the magnetic field density and the area element vector. The Maxwell's equations in the absence of magnetic monopoles requires that the magnetic flux through a closed surface is zero. The SI unit of magnetic flux is the weber. Related concepts: gauss, henry, tesla, maxwell, oersted, weber, volt, and B-Field. See also: Magnetic flux quantum.
Electromagnetic field - composed of two related vectorial fields, the electric field and the magnetic field. This means that the vectors (E and B) that characterize the field each have a value defined at each point of space and time. If only E, the electric field, is nonzero and is constant in time, the field is said to be an electrostatic field. The electromagnetic field generates a force F on a charged particle, given by the Lorentz equation where is the charge of the particle, v is its current velocity (expressed as a vector), and × is the cross product operator. Behaviour of the electromagnetic field (a hydrodynamic interpretation) The electric and magnetic vector fields can be thought of as being the velocities of a pair of fluids which permeate space. In the absence.
Magnetic field - Magnetic field In physics, the magnetic field is the field produced by a magnet. A field, in this context, is a vector field; that is, a vector for each point in space, possibly changing in time. Given the symbol B, the magnetic field points in the same direction as would a compass – away from the north pole of a magnet, and towards the north pole of the Earth. Historically, B was called the magnetic flux density or the magnetic induction, and H (= B / μ) was called the magnetic field, and this terminology is still often used to distinguish the two in the context of magnetic materials (non-trivial μ). Otherwise, however, this distinction is often ignored, and both symbols are frequently referred to as.
Remanence - Remanence Remanence is the effect of the magnetic flux left behind after an electromagnetic field is removed from a medium. This effect usually occurs when it is exposed to a powerful external magnetic field and the external field is removed. After magnetic induction, it is the remaining energy in the magnetic medium after the removal of applied magnetizing force. Generally it connotes residual information left on electromagnetic storage media after reformating or cleaning. The property of the magnetic conducting medium determines the ability to retain a magnetic quantity whose modulation represents information. Remanence is measure of the magnetic flux density while no magnetic field is applied. Remanence is less than the residual induction in magnets, ferromagnetic conductive mediums, and electromagnetic circuits. It is denoted in equations by Bd or.
James Clerk Maxwell - centennial anniversary of Maxwell's birth, Einstein described Maxwell's work as the "most profound and the most fruitful that physics has experienced since the time of Newton." Algebraic mathematics with elements of geometry are a feature of much of Maxwell's work. Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic forces are two complementary aspects of electromagnetism. He showed that electric and magnetic fields travel through space, in the form of waves, at a constant velocity of 3.0 × 108 m/s. He also proposed that light was a form of electromagnetic radiation. The scientific compound derived CGS unit measuring magnetic flux (commonly abbreviated as f ), the maxwell (Mx), was named in his honor. There is a mountain range on Venus, Maxwell Montes, named after James Clerk Maxwell also. The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope is.
Flux - Flux Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Electromagnetics 2 Metallurgy 3 Literature Electromagnetics Flux is the flow that occurs as a result of a potential difference. It can be described as a through variable, where potential difference is the across variable. The product of the flux and the potential difference is the power, which is the rate of change of the conserved quantity, e.g energy. There are many types of flux: In electrical engineering the flux is the electrical current or the magnetic current. In mechanical systems the momentum flux is the force. In fluid systems the flux is the rate of fluid flow. In thermal systems the flux is the rate of heat flow. Flux is a quantity proportional to the surface integral of the normal.
Paramagnetism - Paramagnetism Paramagnetism refers to the tendency of the atomic magnetic dipoles, due to quantum-mechanical spin , in a material that is otherwise non-magnetic to align with an external magnetic field. This alignment of the atomic dipoles with the magnetic field tends to strengthen it, and is described by a relative magnetic permeability greater than unity (or, equivalently, a small positive magnetic susceptibility). In pure paramagnetism, the field acts on each atomic dipole independently and there are no interactions between individual atomic dipoles. Such paramagnetic behaviour can also be observed in ferromagnetic materials that are above their Curie temperature. Paramagnetic materials attract and repel like normal magnets when subject to a magnetic field. Under relatively low magnetic field saturation when the most of the atomic dipoles are not aligned with the field,.
List of letters used in mathematics and science - denoted with capital letters. Vectorss are bold. Sets of numbers are blackboard bold. Å - Ångström A - Blood Antigen, Magnetic vector potential, Work, B - B meson, Blood Antigen, Boron, Luminance, Magnetic field, C - Coulomb, Degrees Celsius, Carbon, Set of complex numbers, Specific heat capacity, Molar heat capacity (Cp), D - Electric displacement, E - Electric field, Energy, SI prefix: (exa-), Expected value, F - Farad, degrees Fahrenheit, Fluorine, Force, Helmholtz free energy, G - Einstein tensor, SI prefix: (giga-), Gibbs free energy, Gravitational constant, Green's function, Momentum, H - Auxiliary magnetic field, Enthalpy, Hamiltonian, Hankel function, Heaviside step function, Henry, Hydrogen, I - Current, Iodine, Impulse, Luminous intensity, Moment of inertia, J - Angular momentum, Bessel function of the first kind, Current, Joule, K - Kaon, degrees Kelvin,.
List of electronics topics - modem Cable television Call collision Call set-up time Call-second Capacitor Capacitive coupling Capture effect Carbon nanotube Carrier system Card standards Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection Carrier shift Carrier wave Carson bandwidth rule Carrier-to-receiver noise density Carrier Cassegrain antenna Category 5 cable Cathode ray tube Central processing unit Cesium standard Chadless tape Channel noise level Channel Channel reliability Character-count integrity Characteristic impedance Charge-coupled device Chemical vapor deposition Chroma subsampling Chirping Circuit Circuit breaker Circuit noise level Circuit reliability Circuit restoration Circuit switching Circular polarization Circulator Citizens' band radio Cladding Clapp oscillator Clean room Clear channel Clearing Clipping Clock signal Closed-circuit television Closed circuit Closed waveguide CMOS Coaxial cable Co-channel interference Code division multiple access Code word Coherence length Coherence Coherence time Coherent differential phase-shift keying Coherer Coil Coilgun Color code.
Hard disk - fastest workstation hard drives spin at 15,000 rpm. Notebook hard drives are generally smaller and slower than their desktop counterparts, they spin usually at 4200 rpm. Hard disk hardware Typical hard drives of the mid-1990s. () The disk drive is a type of disk storage that stores and retrieves digital data from a planar magnetic surface. Information is written to the disk by transmitting an electromagnetic flux through an antenna or write head that is very close to a magnetically polarizable material that changes its polarization due to the flux. The information can be read back in a reverse manner, as the magnetic fields cause electrical change in the coil or read head that passes over it. A typical hard disk drive design consists of a central axis or.
Current (electricity) - current still stands. The symbol typically used for the amount of current (the amount of charge flowing per unit of time) is I, and the SI unit of electrical current is the ampere. Electric current is therefore also informally referred to as amperage, by analogy with the term voltage. Current density is the current per unit (cross-sectional) area. In metallic conductors, such as wires, currents are caused by a flow of electrons (negatively charged particles), but this is not case in most non-metallic conductors. Electric currents in electrolytes are flows of electrically charged atoms (ions), which exist in both positive and negative varieties. For example, an electrochemical cell may be constructed with salt water (a solution of sodium chloride) on one side of a membrane and pure water on the other..
Time travel - the past. The first and most famous of these was proposed by Kurt Gödel), but nearly all of them require the universe to have physical characteristics that it does not appear to have. A proposed time-travel machine using a wormhole would (hypothetically) work something like this: A wormhole is created somehow. One end of the wormhole is accelerated to nearly the speed of light, perhaps with an advanced spaceship, and then brought back to the point of origin. Due to time dilation, the accelerated end of the wormhole has now experienced less subjective passage of time than the stationary end. An object that goes into the stationary end would come out of the other end in the past relative to the time when it enters. One significant limitation of such a.
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory - all times. In normal operation the spacecraft transmits a continuous 200Kb/s data stream of photographs and other measurements via the NASA deep space network of receiving stations. SOHO's data about solar activity are used to predict solar flares, so electrical grids and satellites can be protected from their damaging effects. SOHO contains twelve main instruments, each capable of independently observing the sun or parts of the sun. These are: Global Oscillations at Low Frequencies (GOLF) which measures velocity and magnetic field variations of the whole solar disk to explore the core of the sun. Variability of Solar Irradiance (VIRGO) which measures oscillations and solar constant both of the whole solar disk and at low resolution, again exploring the core of the sun. Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) which measures velocity oscillations at.
Pioneer 1 - first spacecraft launched by the newly formed NASA, was intended to study the ionizing radiation, cosmic rays, magnetic fields, and micrometeorites in the vicinity of the Earth and in lunar orbit. Due to a launch vehicle malfunction, the spacecraft attained only a ballistic trajectory and never reached the Moon. It did return data on the near-Earth space environment. Spacecraft design Pioneer 1 consisted of a thin cylindrical midsection with a squat truncated cone frustrum on each side. The cylinder was 74 cm in diameter and the height from the top of one cone to the top of the opposite cone was 76 cm. Along the axis of the spacecraft and protruding from the end of the lower cone was an 11 kg solid propellant injection rocket and rocket case, which formed.
List of physics topics M-Q - B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z M M-theory M-theory simplified Mach, Ernst Mach's principle Magnetostatics Magnetic confinement Magnetic dipole Magnetic field Magnetic flux Magnetic flux density Magnetic inductivity Magnetic moment Magnetic monopole Magnetic permeability Magnetic quadrupole Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic susceptibility Magnetism Magnetodynamics Magnetohydrodynamics Magnetoresistance Magnetostriction Magnetron Magnitude Magnitude comparison Malus, Etienne-Louis Mandelshtam, Leonid Isaakovich Manhattan Project Many-minds interpretation Many-worlds interpretation Marconi, Guglielmo Mariotte, Edme Maser Mass Mass-energy equivalence Material equivalence Material implication Materials physics Materials science Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics Mathematical physics Matrix mechanics Matter Matteuci effect Maupertuis principle Maxwell's demon Maxwell's equations Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution Maxwell, James Measurement Measuring instruments Mechanical advantage Mechanical equilibrium Mechanical wave Mechanics Mechanics of fluids.
Vector potential - the vortex than upwards at the periphery of the vortex. This is strong evidence that can be parallel to A, i.e. that the field A necessary to generate a solenoidal field v can be estimated from It also shows that A need not rotate in a circular motion (have field lines forming closed loops) around v in order to generate v: all that is needed is a succession of concentric cylindrical layers: with A pointing parallel to the layers, but with varying magnitude, so that A is stronger in the central layer and gets weaker in outward layers. Measuring the Speed Differential of Parallel Velocities A similar phenomenon is the differential between the speed of the road and the speed of a car. Let us say the car drives towards the.
Jupiter (planet) - 1.899×1027 kg Mean density 1.33 g/cm3 Surface gravity 23.12 m/s2 Rotation period 9h 55.5m Axial tilt 3.12° Albedo 0.52 Escape Speed 59.54 km/s Surface temp min mean max 110 K 152 K N/A K Atmospheric characteristics Atmospheric pressure 70 kPa Hydrogen >81% Helium >17% Methane 0.1% Water vapor 0.1% Ammonia 0.02% Ethane 0.0002% Phosphine 0.0001% Hydrogen sulfide <0.0001% Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and, by far, the largest within our solar system; some have described the solar system as consisting of the Sun, Jupiter, and assorted debris. It and the other gas giants Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are sometimes referred to as "Jovian planets." Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Overview 2 Physical characteristics 2.1 Planetary Composition 2.2 Atmosphere 2.3 Planetary Rings 2.4 Magnetosphere 3 The exploration of Jupiter.
Ferric oxide - amu Melting point 1838 K (1565 °C) Density 5.2 ×103 kg/m3 Crystal structure Corundum Solubility insoluble Thermochemistry ΔfH0liquid ? kJ/mol ΔfH0solid -824 kJ/mol S0liquid, 1 bar ? J/mol·K S0solid 87 J/mol·K Safety Ingestion Dangerous, iron poisoning may result. Inhalation Iron poisoning, pulmonary edema may result. Skin Contact with molten iron ore can cause iron poisoning. Eyes May cause irritation. More info Hazardous Chemical Database SI units were used where possible. Unless otherwise stated, standard conditions were used. Disclaimer and references Ferric oxide is one of several oxide compoundss of iron, and is most notable for its ferromagnetic properties. It is sometimes known as gamma ferric oxide or synthetic maghemite, and its chemical formula is Fe2O3. Its molecular mass is 159.70 g mol-1, it melts at 1565 degrees Celsius, and has a.
Tesla - tesla (symbol T) is the compound derived SI unit of magnetic flux density or magnetic inductivity. At the Conference General des Poids et Mesures (CGPM) in Paris in 1960, the unit was named in honor of the Serbian-American inventor and electrical engineer Nikola Tesla who made several important contributions to the field of electromagnetism. 1 T = 1 V · s · m -2 = 1 kg · s -2 · A -1 = 1 N · A -1 m -1 = 1 Wb · m -2 A smaller derived unit, the gauss = 10-4 T, was once used. In outer space the magnetic flux density is between 10-10 T and 10-8 T, in the Earth's magnetic field at latitude of 50° is 2 · 10-5 T and on the equator.
T - and Etruscan alphabet and Latin T was /t/. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z Tango represents the letter T in the NATO phonetic alphabet. T is also: The symbol for the chemical element tritium, an isotope of hydrogen. A symbol for the SI derived unit for magnetic flux density, the tesla. The variable t commonly used for time. In the form of The T, a shorthand name for the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). Two-letter combinations starting with T: ta tb tc td te tf tg th ti tj tk tl tm tn to tp tq tr ts tt tu tv tw tx ty tz Words beginning with the letter T,.
